SMART DUSTBIN

Asmi Jain, Diya Jain, Abhinav Jaiswal, Pranali Kasam, Nabeel Jiwani

Department of Computer Engineering, Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering

College,MH,India

Abstract : The main objective of the project is to design a smart dustbin which will help in
keeping our environment clean and also eco friendly. We are inspired by the Swachh Bharat
Mission. Nowadays technologies are getting smarter day-by-day so, as to clean the
environment we are designing a smart dustbin by using Arduino. This smart dustbin
management system is built on the microcontroller based system having ultrasonic sensors
on the dustbin. If dustbin is not maintained then these can cause an unhealthy environment
and can cause pollution that affect our health. In this proposed technology we have designed
a smart dustbin using ARDUINO UNO, along with an ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and
battery jumper wire. After all hardware and software connection, now Smart Dustbin program
will be run. Dustbin lid will automatically open and close and it is also movable as per the
user requirements . For society it will help toward health and hygiene, for business we try to
make it affordable to as many as possible. So that normal people to rich people can take
benefit from it.

INTRODUCTION :
The rate of increasing population in our country has increased rapidly and also we have an
increase in garbage which has increased environmental issues. Dustbin is a container which
collects garbage or stores items which are recyclable or non-recyclable, decompose and
non-decompose. They are usually used in homes, offices etc, but in case they are full no
one is there to clean it and the garbage is spilled out.
The surrounding of a dustbin is also conducive for increasing the pollution level. Air pollution
due to a dustbin can produce bacteria and viruses which can produce life harmful diseases
for humans. Therefore, we have designed a smart dustbin using ARDUINO UNO, an
ultrasonic sensor which will sense the item to be thrown in the dustbin and open the lid with
the help of the motor. It is an IOT based project that will bring a new and smart way of
cleanliness. It is a decent gadget to make your home clean, because practically all offspring
of home consistently make it grimy and spread litter to a great extent by electronics, rappers
and various other things. Since the smart dustbin is additionally intriguing and children make
fun with it, it will help to maintain cleanliness in home. It will be applied for various types of
waste. Dustbin will open its lid when someone/object is near at some range then it will wait
for a given time period then it will close automatically. Here the lid will only open when
required.It is also movable backward, forward,left and right as per the user requirement by
the connecting the dustbin on their phone through Bluetooth.
It is a great help to specially disabled people.
METHODOLOGY :
SMART DUSTBIN USING ARDUINO is an IOT based project. Here we are using arduino for
code execution, for sensing we used an ultrasonic sensor which will open the lid and close
the lid. BO Motor and Wheels are used to move the dustbin as per the commands of the
user.
It will bring drastic changes in terms of cleanliness with the help of technology. Everything is
getting with smart technology for the betterment of human beings. So this helps in
maintaining the environment clean with the help of technology. It is a sensor based dustbin
so it would be easy to access/use for any age group.
Our aim is also to make it cost effective so that many numbers of people can get the benefit
from this. And it should be usable to anyone and helpful for them.

MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE :

To complete our project we required the below materials:

1. Arduino UNO
2. L293D Motor driver
3. Ultrasonic Sensor
 4. HC-05 Bluetooth
5. Module
6. Servo Motor
7. BO Motors
8. Wheels
9. Cartor
10. Battery Container/Power Bank
11. Jumper Wires
12. Dust Bin
13. Sunboard/glue/scissor/wire

SUNBOARD:
It is cut parts where the dustbin will be kept and also gives support to all the materials.All the
materials and connecting wires are mounted on the sunboard.
There are three parts:
The bottom layer is cut in a round shape as per the size of the dustbins base. Also a place
for the wheels is kept which will help make the dustbin movable.
The top layer which is almost a dustbins lid.
The back layer which is a bit greater than the height and width of the dustbin.

WHEELS AND BO MOTOS CONNECTION :

Firstly we connected the wheels to the base set up which helps the dustbin to move with the
help of BO motors. This makes our dustbin movable. We cannot check if the wheels are
moving or not manually, for that we need to give the power supply to the motor.

BLUETOOTH MODULE CONNECTION SETUP:

This helps to operate the dustbin with the ease of our mobile phones. We can connect by
Bluetooth through our phone and give commands to move accordingly.

MOTOR DRIVER:
Motor Driver can control two DC motors or a stepper motor at one time. This makes both the
wheels move at the same time which makes our smart dustbin movable.

SERVO MOTOR CONNECTION SETUP:

Servo motor is used to open the lid. In order to open the lid, we have fixed a small thread to
the servo horn (a single ended horn). For this mechanism to be able to open the lid of the
dustbin, it must be placed near the lid.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR CONNECTING:

After successfully servo motor is placed now it's time for sensor, so Ultrasonic sensor is
placed at the front of the dustbin.This actually detects whether someone is around or not and
opens and closes the lid accordingly.

ARDUINO UNO:
It is an important part of the smart dustbin.It contains all the codings and hence gives
commands to the dustbin.It is a development board used to do all the processing.
JUMPER WIRES:
They are used to make connections between different components and complete the circuit.

BATTER CONTAINER/POWER BANK:

It is used to provide power supply to the dustbin due to which it can open/close its lid and
also is movable by connecting it through Bluetooth by mobile phone.

WIRING UP THE COMPONENTS:

The final step in the build process is to make the necessary connections using long
connecting wires as per the circuit diagram and securing these wires so that they don't hang
around. All the wires from all four components i.e. Ultrasonic Sensor, Servo Motor, BO
Motors, Bluetooth Module are connected to respective pins of Arduino as the coding is set.
This finishes up the build process of the Smart Dustbin. After the Arduino Code has been
submitted, and with all hardware and software connections in Dustbin.We will run our
dustbin, by giving it a power supply and see if it is working or not.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

ARDUINO UNO BLUETOOTH MODULE

PIN(0) TXD

PIN(1) Not in use

VCC +5V

GND GND
 ARDUINO UNO ULTRASONIC SENSOR

VCC +5V

TRIG A0

ECHO A1

GND GND

MOTOR DRIVER SERVO MOTOR

GND(-) GND

+5V 5V(Vin)

S pins (D10 on uno) PWM(In)

WHEELS are attached to M1 & M4 on Motor Shield.

CODING :
The Arduino Uno Coding for this project is as follows:

#include <AFMotor.h>
#include <Servo.h>

/*
Motor Object: AF_DCMotor(motor#, frequency)
Motor#- port the motor is connected to,
frequency- How fast the speed controlling signal is.
*/
AF_DCMotor BO1(1); //Attached to M1 on Board
AF_DCMotor BO2(4); //Attached to M4 on Board

//Servo Motor Object

Servo S1;

#define TRIG A0 //A0 pin for sending signal to Ultrasonic Sensor

#define ECHO A1 //A1 pin for receiving signal from ultrasonic Sensor
#define MIN_V 0 //For rest .i.e Send no Signal(PWM)
#define MAX_V 255 //At max velocity
//#define MID_V 125 //mid velocity parameter for turning of bin.
#define REST_ANGLE 0 //Servo Motor Angle, when lid closed
#define OPEN_ANGLE 240 //Servo Motor Angle, when lid opened
#define DISTANCE 40 //Distance between sensor and the object in cm.

char command; //To store data recieved by Serial Stream Signal from Bluetooth
Module. Bluetooth TX -> UNO RDX
float new_d, cur_d; //Later used for storing distance between Sensor and object.(For
lid to close.)

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); //starting serialized(Data hoarding Signal) signal at baud rate of
9600 for Bluetooth Module.Bits per Second.
S1.attach(10); //Servo motor is attached to D10.
S1.write(0); //get to 0 degree. i.e Dustbin Cap Closed
delay(1000); //Wait for 1sec to get to the 0 degree
pinMode(TRIG, OUTPUT); //Defining property of the Pins, Consider pin A0 as the
output Signal Pin.
pinMode(ECHO, INPUT); //Pin A1 for the input signal received
S1.detach(); //It will eat up the battery. W = Fxd.
}

void forward() {
//Serial.println("Dustbin Moving Forward");
BO1.setSpeed(MAX_V);
BO1.run(FORWARD);
BO2.setSpeed(MAX_V);
 BO2.run(FORWARD);
}

void back() {
//Serial.println("Dustbin Moving Backward");
BO1.setSpeed(MAX_V);
BO1.run(BACKWARD);
BO2.setSpeed(MAX_V);
BO2.run(BACKWARD);
}

void left() {
//Serial.println("Dustbin Going Left");
BO2.setSpeed(MAX_V);
BO2.run(FORWARD);
BO1.setSpeed(MIN_V);
BO1.run(RELEASE);
}

void right() {
//Serial.println("Dustbin Moving Right");
BO1.setSpeed(MAX_V);
BO1.run(FORWARD);
BO2.setSpeed(MIN_V);
BO2.run(RELEASE);
}

void Stop() {
//Serial.println("Dustbin Stopped");
BO1.setSpeed(MIN_V);
BO1.run(RELEASE);
BO2.setSpeed(MIN_V);
BO2.run(RELEASE);
}

float ultrasonic_distance() {
digitalWrite(TRIG, HIGH); //Start a pulse to triger pin
delayMicroseconds(10); //generating pulse for 10-microsecond
digitalWrite(TRIG, LOW); //End of a Pulse
//Serial.println("Ultrasonic Sensor is Working.");

//distane measurement of pulse form Reflected wave via echo Pin.

float duration_us = pulseIn(ECHO, HIGH);
//Distance Calculation
/*
Travel time for ultrasonic mave : = pulse-duaration
speed of wave : speed of sound = 340 m/s = 0.034cm/pulse-duration (since sensor
has speaker and microphone generating special Echo.)
 Distance travelled by ultrasonic wave(cm) = S * T =0.034 * pulse-duaration
distance between sensor and object(cm) = travel-distance/2 = 0.034 *
pulse-duration/2 = 0.017 * pulse-duration
*/
float distance_cm = 0.017 * duration_us;
//Serial.print("Object at: ");
//Serial.println(distance_cm);
return distance_cm;
}
void loop() {

while (Serial.available() > 0) // When Bluetooth Module is sending data. That is to

move device. '64-bit stream Buffer.'
{
command = Serial.read(); //read the Character sent.
S1.detach();
//Serial.println(command);
switch (command)
{
case 'S': break;
case 'F': forward(); break;
case 'B': back(); break;
case 'L': left(); break;
case 'R': right(); break;
case 'U':
case 'u':
case 'x':
case 'X':
{
Stop();
break;
}
/* No operation relating to checking the distnace between the bin and an object
and neither on opening of lid here,
We don't want to open the bin when its in moving state nor do we check for the
condition met . */
}
break;
}

outer_l :
while (Serial.available() == 0) //Gives Number of Bytes available for UNO to
Read, will be 0 when no Data is sent from UNO,
//These introduces A bug at certain time, cause blluetooth
cannot send data without pause; then Sensor will be live for that few seconds/ms.
//And Will lid to Lead Open.
{
 cur_d = ultrasonic_distance(); // distance between object at that instance for
reference and later use
if ((cur_d <= DISTANCE) && (cur_d > 0)) //when someone is near to bin at distance
of 40 cm from it.
{
if (S1.attached() != true) S1.attach(10);

S1.write(OPEN_ANGLE); //Move to an angle of 240 Degree, Lid open

delay(8000); //Wait 8000ms = 8 sec.
inner_l :
while(true){
new_d = ultrasonic_distance();
if (new_d > DISTANCE)
{
delay(2000);
S1.write(0);
goto outer_l;
}
else
goto inner_l;
}

}
else
{
if (S1.attached() != true) S1.attach(10);
S1.write(0);
break;
}
}

WORKING :
After wiring and attaching all the devices and setting up to the Smart Dustbin. Now observe
all the important setup whether they are well connected or something missed.
After the connection is set up, the next step is to submit/upload code in Arduino and supply
power to the circuit.
When the system is power ON. The User gives the directions with the help of mobile and
then Arduino keeps monitoring for any things that come near the sensor at a given range.
When an Ultrasonic sensor detects any object for example like a hand , here Arduino
calculates its distance and if it is less than a certain predefined value then the servo motor
gets activated and opens the lid.
Lid will open for a given time then it will automatically close.

ADVANTAGES:
Following are the advantages of using Smart
dustbin:
● A reduction in the number of waste collections needed by up to 80%, resulting in less
manpower, emissions, fuel use and traffic congestion.
● A reduction in the number of waste bins needed
● Maintain environmental hygiene (no unpleasant odour).
● It will help in bringing evolution by technology in terms of cleanliness.
● Helps specially abled people to throw their garbage easily.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION:
Here we are going to make revolutionary changes toward cleanliness. The combination of
intelligent waste monitoring and trash compaction technologies. smart dustbins are better
and shoulders above traditional garbage dustbin. It is equipped with smart devices like the
Arduino sensor. Lid of the dustbin will automatically open when an object comes near to the
dustbin and after a certain time period it will close the lid.
For society it will help toward health and hygiene, for business we try to make it affordable to
as many as possible. So that normal people and rich people can benefit from it. Believe this
will bring some changes in lerm of cleanliness as well as technology. So our next work
should be adding one more sensor which will sense whether our dustbin is full or not. And
there will be a display added so that users can notify that the dustbin is full or not.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the people whose proper guidance and encouragement has
served as a beacon and crowned our efforts with success. First and foremost, we would like
to express our sin- cere gratitude towards the faculty of Shah And Anchor Engineering
College, Mumbai without whose support and encouragement we would not have achieved
what we have today. And a greatest thanks to our entire team evolved in this project.
We would like to extend my deepest thanks to our project guides, Mrs Namrataa
Kkommineni, her guidance gave us the environment to enhance our knowledge, skills and to
reach the pinnacle with sheer determination, dedication and hard work as well as her
consistent support and cooperation showed the way towards the successful completion of
the project.

REFERENCES :
[1]Kumar NS, Vijayalakshmi B, Prarthana RJ, Shankar A. IOT based smart garbage alert
system using Arduino UNO. In2016 IEEE Region 10
Conference (TENCON) 2016 Nov 22 (pp. 1028-
1034). IBBE.
[2]Reddy PS, Naik RN, Kumar AA, Kishor SN.
Wireless dustbin monitoring and alert system using Arduino. In2017 Second International
Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT) 2017 Feb
22 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[3]Rafeeq M, Alam S. Automation of plastic, metal and glass waste materials segregation
using arduino in scrap industry. In2016 International Conference on Communication and
Electronics Systems (ICCES) 2016 Oct 21 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[4]Anushri G, Manikandan A, Nivas P, Vignesh
K. Garbage Monitoring System Using Arduino.