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Here are some Arduino codes for simulating different Op

The document provides Arduino code examples for simulating various Op-Amp circuits, including inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, as well as an Op-Amp comparator for controlling an LED. Each example includes circuit details, expected behavior, and Arduino code to read input signals and display output voltages. The Op-Amps used are primarily the LM358, with specific gain configurations for each circuit.

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2 views

Here are some Arduino codes for simulating different Op

The document provides Arduino code examples for simulating various Op-Amp circuits, including inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, as well as an Op-Amp comparator for controlling an LED. Each example includes circuit details, expected behavior, and Arduino code to read input signals and display output voltages. The Op-Amps used are primarily the LM358, with specific gain configurations for each circuit.

Uploaded by

Veera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are some Arduino codes for simulating different Op-Amp circuits using an Arduino and sensors.

These circuits use the ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to
interact with operational amplifiers.

1. Inverting Op-Amp with Arduino

This example reads an analog input (e.g., a sine wave) from a sensor or signal generator and prints
the amplified and inverted output voltage.

Circuit Details:

• R1 = 10kΩ, Rf = 100kΩ (Gain = -10)

• Op-Amp: LM358 or any general-purpose Op-Amp

• Input: Analog signal (A0)

• Output: Connected to Arduino A1

Arduino Code:

const int inputPin = A0; // Input signal from sensor

const int outputPin = A1; // Amplified output from Op-Amp

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial monitor

void loop() {

int Vin = analogRead(inputPin); // Read input voltage

int Vout = analogRead(outputPin); // Read amplified & inverted output

float voltageIn = Vin * (5.0 / 1023.0); // Convert ADC to voltage

float voltageOut = Vout * (5.0 / 1023.0);

Serial.print("Input Voltage: "); Serial.print(voltageIn); Serial.print(" V | ");

Serial.print("Output Voltage: "); Serial.print(voltageOut); Serial.println(" V");

delay(500);

}
Expected Behavior:

• The output voltage is inverted and amplified compared to the input.

• If you apply 1V, the output should be around -10V (depending on power supply limits).

2. Non-Inverting Op-Amp with Arduino

This example reads an input signal and displays its amplified (non-inverted) output.

Circuit Details:

• R1 = 10kΩ, Rf = 100kΩ (Gain = 11)

• Op-Amp: LM358

• Input: Analog signal (A0)

• Output: Amplified at A1

Arduino Code:

const int inputPin = A0; // Input signal

const int outputPin = A1; // Amplified output

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop() {

int Vin = analogRead(inputPin);

int Vout = analogRead(outputPin);

float voltageIn = Vin * (5.0 / 1023.0);

float voltageOut = Vout * (5.0 / 1023.0);

Serial.print("Input: "); Serial.print(voltageIn); Serial.print(" V | ");

Serial.print("Output: "); Serial.print(voltageOut); Serial.println(" V");

delay(500);

}
Expected Behavior:

• The output is not inverted but amplified by 11x.

3. Op-Amp as a Comparator (LED Indicator)

In this example, the Op-Amp acts as a comparator:

• If input voltage > reference voltage, the LED turns ON.

• If input voltage < reference voltage, the LED stays OFF.

Circuit Details:

• Reference Voltage: 2.5V (from a voltage divider)

• Op-Amp: LM358

• Input: A variable voltage from a potentiometer

• Output: Digital HIGH or LOW to control an LED

Arduino Code:

const int inputPin = A0; // Comparator input voltage

const int ledPin = 13; // LED output

void setup() {

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop() {

int Vin = analogRead(inputPin);

float voltageIn = Vin * (5.0 / 1023.0); // Convert to voltage

Serial.print("Input Voltage: "); Serial.print(voltageIn); Serial.println(" V");

if (voltageIn > 2.5) { // Compare with 2.5V reference

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // LED ON

} else {

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // LED OFF


}

delay(500);

Expected Behavior:

• When the input voltage exceeds 2.5V, the LED turns ON.

• When the input is below 2.5V, the LED turns OFF.

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