Pop-Up in Selenium & Parallel execution

In selenium depending on pop-up we write different types of code to perform

action on the pop-up.
1. Alert or java-script pop-up
2. Hidden division or calendar pop-up
3. File upload pop-up
4. File download pop-up
5. Print pop-up
6. Notification pop-up
7. Authentication pop-up
8. Child window or Child browser pop-up
Alert pop-up-:
Character statics-:
 We cannot move this pop-up
 We cannot inspect this popup
 This pop-up will be having OK button (alert) or it contains OK and
CANCLE button (Confirmation).
 It will be displayed below the address bar in the middle section of the
browser.
Solution-: To handle Alert/JavaScript popup we can us driver.switchTo().alert()
statement.
 Accept()-: to click on OK button.
 Dismiss()-: to click on Cancle button.
 getText()-: to get the text present in the popup
 sendKeys()-: to enter/type the text on the popup
Example-:
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

alert.accept();
alert.dismiss();
alert.getText();
String text = alert.getText();
alert.sendKeys(text);
Hidden division or calendar pop-up
Character static-:
 We can inspect the popup.
 We cannot move this popup.
Solution-: we can handle hidden division popup using driver.findElement().
driver.get("https://www.flipkart.com/");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//button)[2]")).click();
driver.close();

File download popup-:

Character static-:
 We can move this popup.
 We cannot inspect this popup.
 This popup includes "Open with" and "Save File" radio buttons, along
with "OK" and "Cancel" buttons.
Solution-: To handle this popup we use Robot class.
Robot Class-:
 Robot class is a java class present in java.awt package. [ Abstract window
toolkit ]
 Here we commonly use two methods keyPress and keyRelease.
 Robot class is mainly used to perform keyboard operation in windows.
 Robot class works almost similar to sendkeys() method.

Print Pop-up-:
Character statics-:
 We cannot move this popup.
 We cannot inspect this popup.
 This popup will be having print & cancel button.
Solution-: We handle this popup by using Robot class.
Notification popup-:
Character statics-:
 We cannot move this popup.
 We cannot inspect this popup.
 It will be having two buttons allow & block.
 It will be displayed below the address bar in the beginning similar to
alert popup.
Solution-:
 To handle this popup we change the setting of the browser, so that
notification popup itself will not be displayed.
 To change the setting of the browser we use addArgument method of
chromeOptions class.
 ChromeOptions option = new ChromeOptions();
 option.addArguments("--disable-notifications");

 ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(option);
 driver.manage().window().maximize();
 driver.get("https://www.yatra.com/");

Authentication Popup-:
Character statics-:

 We cannot move this popup.

 We cannot inspect this popup.
 This popup will be having username and password text box
along with sign in and cancel button.
Solution-:

To handle authentication popup we send username and password

along with the URL inside the get() method.
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.get("https://admin:[email protected]/basic_auth");
Child window or Child browser popup-:
Character statics-:
 We can move this popup.
 We can inspect this popup.
 This popup will be having minimize, maximize and close button along
with the address bar.
Solution-:

To handle child browser popup we use getWindowHandles() and

driver.switchTo().window() statement.
Set<String> allWindow = driver.getWindowHandles();

for (String window : allWindow) {

driver.switchTo().window(window);
String title = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println("The window title is : " + title);

Parallel execution
To run a test script in parallel across 3 different browsers using Selenium WebDriver and
TestNG, we can use the TestNG parallel execution feature.
Step 1: Create WebDriver Instances for Different Browsers
First, we need to create separate WebDriver instances for the browsers we want to run.

WebDriver driver;

@Parameters("browser")
@Test

public void testInMultipleBrowsers(String browser) {

if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("chrome")) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
}
else if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("firefox")) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "path/to/geckodriver");
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
}
 else if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("edge")) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.edge.driver", "path/to/edgedriver");
driver = new EdgeDriver();
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Browser type not supported");
}

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("http://google.com");
driver.quit();

Step 2: Configure TestNG XML for Parallel Execution

We need to create a testng.xml file and set it to run in parallel across the
browsers. We define different <parameter> tags for each browser.
<suite name="Parallel Browser Suite" parallel="tests"
thread-count="3">

<test name="Chrome Test">

<parameter name="browser" value="chrome" />
<classes>
<class name="ParallelTest" />
</classes>
</test>

<test name="Firefox Test">

<parameter name="browser" value="firefox" />
<classes>
<class name="ParallelTest" />
</classes>
</test>

<test name="Edge Test">

<parameter name="browser" value="edge" />
<classes>
<class name="ParallelTest" />
</classes>
</test>

</suite>
Step 3: Run the Tests
When we run the testng.xml file, TestNG will execute the tests in parallel across Chrome,
Firefox, and Edge.
Each test will run independently in its respective browser, and the thread-count defines the
number of concurrent threads (in this case, 3 for 3 browsers).

Q. Handling AJAX popups using Selenium WebDriver:

1. We can use Explicit Waits -: Explicit Waits ensure that we are waiting for
the element (popup) to appear before interacting with it.
2. We can handle Stale Element Reference Exception-: Stale Element
Handling is crucial when dealing with dynamic content that can be
reloaded asynchronously.
3. Wait for the Ajax Call to Complete (via JavaScript)-: JavaScript AJAX
Checks allow for more control if AJAX requests might complete without
immediately triggering a popup.
1. Use Explicit Waits
Since AJAX updates are asynchronous, the appearance of the popup might be
delayed.
We can use explicit waits to wait for the popup to become visible or clickable.
// Trigger AJAX popup by clicking on some element

driver.findElement(By.id("triggerPopupButton")).click();
// Wait for the popup to appear
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));

WebElement popup =
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElement(By.id("ajaxPopup")));

popup.findElement(By.id("popupButton")).click();
driver.quit();

2. Handle Stale Element Reference Exception

In AJAX-based applications, sometimes elements are dynamically reloaded or
replaced in the DOM, which can lead to StaleElementReferenceException.
We can handle this by catching the exception and retrying the operation.
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
try {
WebElement popup =
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("ajaxPopup"
)));
popup.click();
} catch (StaleElementReferenceException e) {
// Retry finding the element if it was replaced
WebElement popup =
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("ajaxPopup"
)));
popup.click(); }

3. Wait for the Ajax Call to Complete (via JavaScript)

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
Boolean ajaxIsComplete = (Boolean) js.executeScript("return
jQuery.active == 0");
if (ajaxIsComplete) {

driver.findElement(By.id("popupButton")).click();

Q. If the class contains multiple test cases in which order they are execute?
Ans-: Alphabetical order.
Q. How to execute the test methods in required order?
Ans-: By using priority [ @Test (priority =1 ) ]
Q. How do you run a test method multiple time ?
Ans-: By using invocation count @Test ( invocationCount =3 )
Q. How do you disable the text method on test case ?
Ans-: By using enable = false [ @Test (enable = false) ]
Q. How do you make a test depends on other test ?
Ans-: By using depends on methods option
@Test (dependsOnMethods = “ Create”)
@Test (dependsOnMethods = { “create” , “update”})
Q. what if two methods are depends on each other.
Ans-: We get TestNGException
Selenium Grid
 Selenium Grid is a tool used with Selenium to distribute and run tests
across multiple machines and environments simultaneously.
 It allows parallel execution of tests on different browsers, operating
systems, and machines, which significantly reduces the time required for
test execution.
Benefits of Using Selenium Grid
 Parallel Testing: Run multiple tests concurrently, speeding up the testing
process.
 Cross-Browser Testing: Test on different browsers and versions without
needing separate configurations.
 Cross-Platform Testing: Test across different operating systems like
Windows, macOS, and Linux.
 Scalability: Easily scale by adding more nodes with different
configurations.
How Selenium Grid Works
 Set up the Hub and Nodes: The hub is started on one machine, and the
nodes connect to it. Each node registers itself with the hub, specifying
the browser types, versions, and OS that it supports.
 Test Execution: When a test request is sent to the hub, it assigns the test
to an available node based on the required configuration (browser, OS).
 Parallel Execution: Multiple tests can be distributed across different
nodes, allowing for parallel execution and faster feedback.