Carbon Estimate and Reporting Tool

Manual
7TP-SD-100/2.0
Standard – Applicable to Infrastructure and Services
Divisional Management System
Status: Approved

Version: 2.0

Branch: Planning and Environment Services

Business unit: Sustainability

Date of issue: 20 November 2017

Review date: 20 November 2018

Audience: Program Delivery/Operational Systems/External TSR/External

Reference Material/Organisational Wide

Asset classes: Heavy Rail; Light Rail; Multi Sites;

Systems; Fleets

Project delivery model: Rail Project/Alliance/Novo Rail

Project type: For all project types

Project lifecycle: Feasibility; Scoping; Definition;

Construction readiness; Implementation;
Finalisation; Not applicable

Process owner: Director Planning and Environment Services

 Carbon Estimate and Reporting Tool Manual
Planning and Environment Services
Project type: For all project types

Document History
Version Date of approval Doc. control no. Summary of change
1.0 3 Nov 2016 1380388_7 Rebranded to I&S. Previously a standard
2.0 20 November 2017 1380388_10 Document is updated to include operation phase
carbon emission calculations in the carbon estimation
and reporting tool.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................5
1.1. Purpose and context...............................................................................................5
1.1.1. CERT Version 2 ..........................................................................................5
1.2. Abbreviations and definitions ..................................................................................6
1.3. CERT Overview......................................................................................................8
1.3.1. CERT Terminology......................................................................................8
1.4. CERT Structure ......................................................................................................9
1.4.1. Hints and tips before you start .....................................................................9
1.5. Navigation Tab .....................................................................................................14
1.5.1. Selecting the relevant project reporting stage............................................ 15
1.6. Project Details Tab ...............................................................................................15
1.7. Data Input tab .......................................................................................................18
1.8. SDR Stage: Data Entry.........................................................................................18
1.8.1. Materials ...................................................................................................18
1.8.2. Materials Mitigation Calculator .................................................................. 27
1.8.3. Energy use ................................................................................................28
1.8.4. Energy use - mitigation calculator ............................................................. 31
1.8.5. Waste generated .......................................................................................32
1.8.6. Waste mitigation calculator ....................................................................... 33
1.8.7. Land use / vegetation clearing .................................................................. 34
1.8.8. Revegetation – mitigation .......................................................................... 35
1.8.9. Completion of SDR Stage Data Entry ....................................................... 36
1.9. CDR Stage: Data Entry ........................................................................................37
1.9.1. Data Input .................................................................................................37
1.10. Six Monthly Construction Stages: Data Entry ....................................................... 40
2. Operational Energy Tab ..............................................................................................41
2.1. Estimated BAU Operational Energy Use .............................................................. 42
2.1.1. Estimated BAU Energy Use ...................................................................... 42
2.1.2. Estimated BAU Use of Synthetic Gases .................................................... 42
2.1.3. Optional Reporting of Scope 3 Emissions ................................................. 43
2.2. Forecast Optimised Operational Energy Use ........................................................ 43
2.2.1. Data Input .................................................................................................44
3. Maintenance Tab .........................................................................................................45
3.1. Estimate BAU Maintenance Material and Energy Use .......................................... 46
3.1.1. Estimated BAU RM Material and Energy Use ........................................... 46
3.1.2. Estimated BAU MPM Material and Energy Use......................................... 46
3.2. Forecast Optimised Maintenance Material and Energy Use ................................. 47
3.2.1. Data Input .................................................................................................47
4. Detailed Results tab ....................................................................................................49

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4.1.1.
Breakdown per emission source ............................................................... 49
4.1.2.
Breakdown per project life cycle stage ...................................................... 50
4.1.3.
Six-monthly cumulative or absolute project emissions ............................... 50
4.1.4.
Reductions achieved across key emitting categories (materials, energy,
land use, waste) ........................................................................................51
4.2. Dashboard tab ......................................................................................................51
4.2.1. ISCA and CERT ........................................................................................53
5. Submission requirements ...........................................................................................54
Constraints and common questions ...............................................................................54
Constraints ...........................................................................................................55
Appendix A: CERT Glossary .............................................................................................56
Appendix B: Default Transport Scenarios ........................................................................ 58
Appendix C: Default Material Mix Compositions ............................................................. 67
Appendix D: Maxbio Classification Maps – NSW ............................................................. 68
Appendix E: Supporting information ................................................................................70
Mitigation evidence requirements ..................................................................................70
Frequently Asked Questions.................................................................................71
Appendix F: CERT Overview and Context ....................................................................... 73
Appendix F: Reporting Template ......................................................................................74

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1. Introduction
Within Transport for New South Wales (TfNSW), Infrastructure and Services Division (I&S) is
responsible for delivering cost-effective and sustainable transport solutions to support the
growth of NSW, enhancing its natural and urban environments to provide tangible benefits to
customers.
I&S deliver a diverse portfolio of projects ranging in type and size. This includes:

• Infrastructure projects – rail, light rail, commuter car parks, station upgrades, etc.

• Fleet procurement – rolling stock, ferries, etc.

• Power supply upgrades.

In addition to project delivery, I&S delivers environmental, urban design, heritage,
sustainability, property, quality management, safety management and commercial support
services.

1.1. Purpose and context

This guideline provides users supporting information to assist with completing the tool.
Development of the Carbon Emissions Reporting Tool (CERT) serves two main purposes:

• To provide consistency in GHG assessment and reporting (i.e. to ensure all projects
measure and report emissions in the same way).

• To streamline and simplify the GHG reporting and assessment process for both I&S
and its supply chain.
Its main objectives are:

• To estimate a project’s GHG emissions profile from detailed (SDR) design stage
through to construction completion and operation.

• To encourage the investigation and implementation of GHG reduction (mitigation)

measures.
The GHG emission sources included in the CERT have been informed by a materiality
review undertaken by I&S’s Sustainability and System’s team.
Further support can be obtained by contacting [email protected]. TfNSW
also welcomes feedback on the tool and encourages its stakeholders to provide comments
through use of this email address.

1.1.1. CERT Version 2

This CERT Version 2 (v2) supersedes the previous CERT Version 1 (v1). Users are
required to apply CERT Version 2 for all projects commencing after 1/11/2017. Projects
currently using CERT Version 1 may choose to use either version.

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Key updates to CERT v2 include:

• Updated National Greenhouse Account Factors

• Updated materials emission factors using Australian EPD’s where available

• Inclusion of an Operational energy reporting tab

• Inclusion of a Maintenance reporting tab

• Inclusion of additional materials such as timber products and synthetic reinforcement

fibres

• Changes to aggregates, asphalt products and steel products

• Inclusion of street tree removal impacts

• Inclusion of revegetation and street tree planting sequestration

• Changes to the mitigation sections.

1.2. Abbreviations and definitions

Acronym / Definition
specific term
used
ALCAS Australian Life Cycle Assessment Society
AusLCI Australian National Life Cycle Inventory Database
BOQ Bill of Quantities
CDR Critical Design Review – refers to completed (100%) detailed design
CERT Carbon Estimate and Reporting Tool (the ‘tool’)
EPD Environmental Product Declaration
FAQs Frequently Asked Questions
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GREP Government Resource Efficiency Policy
GWP Global Warming Potential
HDPE High-density polyethylene
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
I&S Infrastructure and Services Division
ISCA Infrastructure Sustainability Council of Australia
IS rating tool Infrastructure Sustainability rating tool – administered by ISCA.
NGA National Greenhouse Accounts
NGERS National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme
LCA Lifecycle Assessment
PVC Polyvinyl chloride
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Acronym / Definition
specific term
used
SDGs TfNSW Sustainable Design Guidelines
SDR System Design Review – refers to designs that are at least 20% complete
TAGG Transport Authorities Greenhouse Group
TfNSW Transport for New South Wales

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1.3. CERT Overview

The CERT is structured to require input during three key stages of the project
(initial/preliminary design – System Design
Review; design completion – Critical Design Defining emissions scopes:
Review; and six-monthly reporting during Scope 1: All direct GHG emissions. E.g.
construction (refer Figure 1). emissions generated by the use of diesel fuel
by construction plant/equipment; clearing of
The tool is designed to capture relevant and vegetation.
material Scope 1, 2 and 3 GHG Emissions as
identified through an internal I&S emissions Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions from
materiality assessment. consumption of purchased electricity, heat or
steam. E.g. Energy purchased to operate and
The information entered during each stage of run plant and equipment, power site offices,
the project informs the next. For example, etc.
once the System Design Review (SDR) Scope 3: Indirect upstream emissions. E.g.
equivalent (representing approximately 20% emissions from construction materials; disposal
design completion) has been completed, this of waste; fuel used to transport materials and
information can then be used to inform the waste.
Critical Design Review (CDR) stage which
represents the 100% completed design. Following the design stages; reporting is to take
place every six months during construction. The tool will automatically show the relevant
number of reporting periods to cover the construction duration of your project.

Figure 1 CERT Completion Process

1.3.1. CERT Terminology

Appendix A: CERT Glossary provides a summary of commonly used terminology referenced
throughout the tool. A full list of abbreviations is included at the front of this guide.
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1.4. CERT Structure

The tool, an Excel spread sheet, has been structured to enable the user to input data across
a range of stages, from System Design Review (SDR) - or equivalent design stage - through
to construction (at six-monthly intervals).
The tool is structured across six core tabs:
1. Introduction (light orange tab) – provides an overview of the background of the
tool.
2. Navigation (yellow tab) – enables the user to select their relevant input reporting
stage (e.g. SDR, CDR, six-monthly periods during construction).
3. Project detail (grey tab) – requires the user to input relevant project information,
including any project-specific reduction targets, and includes a section for signing off
on data validation and approval prior to submission.
4. Data input (orange tab) – comprises the core data entry component of the tool. It
includes data entry sections and conversion calculators associated with usage and
mitigation for: Materials; Energy Use; Waste; Land Use/Vegetation Clearance.
5. Detailed results (red tab) – there are two red tabs, both of which provide report
summary information including useful tables and graphs. The detailed results tab
also provides a breakdown of scope 1 and scope 2 emissions for use towards the
ISCA Ene-1 credit.
6. Dashboard (red tab) – The dashboard provides a performance summary of the
relevant project stages in comparison to a base case (an auto-generated business–
as-usual scenario) and analyses performance against project GHG reduction
targets.

1.4.1. Hints and tips before you start

There are a number of CERT functions that are common, and therefore featured repeatedly,
across the various themes of the tool and throughout the lifecycle of project’s assessment
(i.e. will appear across SDR, CDR and construction stage reporting). These are captured
below.

Updating the CERT across relevant project stages

To keep track of the CERT data entries across the respective project stages, it is
recommended each version is saved using a unique name. The following naming convention
is suggested:
“[tool version] – [project name] – [reporting period] – [submission date]”
For example: “TfNSW CERT v1 – Newcastle Light Rail – CDR – 30 June 2015”. When
reporting against each reporting period, it is recommended the latest version of the file is
used and is renamed/updated according to the relevant reporting period.

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Data entry cells

As stated, there are six main tabs within the tool that relate to its completion. Within these
tabs are the associated data entry cells that enable the tool user to enter relevant
information. The data entry tabs are colour coded as follows:

Orange cells: represent editable data input cells – the tool

user is required to enter information directly into these
cells. To avoid error, some cells may have limitations to the
values that can be entered.

Orange cells: When a dropdown is available, a value from

the dropdown menu must be selected (or the cell should
remain empty if not relevant).

Grey cells: represent non-editable cells. The data in these

cells comprise calculations and formulas that are
automatically generated by carrying information over from
other parts of the tool. I.e. completing the associated
emissions calculators will automatically update these cells.

Blue cells: represent editable evidence cells – the tool

user is required to enter evidence/data sources/comments
to support the information provided

Orange underlined text: Hyperlinked text. Clicking on the

hyperlinked text will take the tool user to the relevant
section of the CERT for data entry.

Pop up notes: Many data entry cells will show a pop-up

note when selected. These notes contain useful information
to assist tool users when entering data.

Returning to main entry sheet

Throughout the tool, and in particular on the relevant calculator worksheets, a ‘go back’
button has been included. This button
enables easy navigation between the main
data entry sheet and the respective
(conversion) calculators. Clicking on the ‘go
back’ button will return the tool user to the main data entry sheet once they have finished
completing the calculator section.

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Evidence/data source/comments
In both the main data entry section and within the
respective (conversion) calculators, tool users
are required to complete an evidence/data
source/comments box to assist with data
verification.
At a minimum, referencing should include the
following: “Document title; Version; Issue date;
and, page/section reference”.
The nominated I&S Sustainability Officer will perform spot checks of the supporting evidence.
A copy of the page/section must be made available on request. The I&S Sustainability Officer
may also request confirmation/clarification where a particular data source has not been
declared.
The tool user should use their discretion in determining the suitability of evidence. A general
rule of thumb is that the evidence identified would clearly link to a) the emission source in
question; and b) the volume/quantity stated.

Note: Evidence information must be completed prior to submitting the tool. If the same
comment applies to multiple data entries, either copy and paste the response into the
relevant cell; or, reference the comments box that is applicable to the section. I.e. “As per
comments for Ready Mixed concrete calculator”.

Help function
A series of ‘help’ buttons designed to provide further assistance with completing the tool are
included within the various sections of the CERT. Clicking on these will provide a greater
level of clarification, context and examples on how to complete the associated section.

‘Help’ buttons
located
throughout the
tool

‘Help’
dialog box

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Base Case
The CERT automatically creates a Base Case scenario using BAU assumptions for materials
and transport scenarios. The Base Case serves as a point of reference against the forecast
design in which the carbon emission reductions can be represented. The diagram below
demonstrates the impact of mitigation strategies on the final carbon emissions quantity. Note
the total quantities and proportions are for illustrative purposes only, and will vary depending
on user input.

Automatic Mitigations
Concrete and Asphalt sections allow the user to enter alternative mix types which are
credited with ‘Automatic Mitigations’. For example, by entering a Portland Cement Content
figure for a concrete strength that is less than or greater than the Base Case Assumption,
CERT will automatically apply reduced or increased GHG emissions to the Forecast or
Actual Case associated with the difference. Users should not use the ‘Mitigation Calculators’
to account for any reduced or increased GHG emissions that are associated with using low
(or high) carbon concrete or asphalt mixes.
Transport selections will also be awarded automatic Mitigations based on reduced transport
GHG emission associated with local procurement.

Mitigation Calculators
Users may also utilise the ‘Mitigation Calculators’ CERT allows users to achieve mitigations
beyond the Base Case assumptions for alternative material selection, tree planting, fuel
selection, transport and value engineering.

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Transport Scenarios Calculator

For all materials used across each stage of the project lifecycle, the tool user is required to
select the relevant transport scenario from the orange data input cells. Selection is based on
a ‘default domestic’, ‘default imported’ or ‘user defined’ scenario based on transport from the
site of manufacture. If details regarding the transport-to-site are not (yet) known, the most
relevant default scenario for that material should be used (e.g. default domestic/default
imported). When the supplier location is (approximately) known, the tool user should select
‘user defined’ and complete and/or update the transport calculator (click on ‘Transport
scenario’ to be taken to the transport calculator).
Further information on the emission factors used to determine the transport emissions can be
found in the ‘Formulas and Background’ tab of the tool.

Snapshot of User Defined Transport

Scenarios calculator

Entering data
Only data inputs cells can be altered by tool users. All other parts of the CERT have been
locked to prevent unintentional loss of functionality.
Tool users can use the ‘Tab’ key on their keyboard to move to the next data
input cell.

Tip: Workshop the tool

Completing the CERT in a workshop environment with a cross section of the Project team
may streamline the process and add value in identifying mitigation measures.

Note: Where the transport scenario has not been entered, the tool will automatically revert
to default/base case transport scenarios.

Base Case Assumptions: The default transport scenarios have been developed by
Energetics and are considered as reasonably conservative estimates of typical material
supply. The scenarios capture transportation via the following transport modes:
• Rigid Truck
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• Articulated Truck
• Train
• Ship
The default transportation distances depend on material and approximate sourcing location
(domestic or imported), and the emissions factors are sourced from the AusLCI database.
A summary of the default transport scenarios can be found in Appendix B: Default
Transport Scenarios and in the ‘Formulas and background’ tab in CERT v2.

1.5. Navigation Tab

The CERT requires input at the following stages:

• SDR (or equivalent design) stage (~20% design). Operational Energy, Maintenance
may be included at the discretion of the user at the SDR stage

• CDR (or equivalent design) stage (100% design). Operational Energy, Maintenance
and inputs must be included at the CDR stage. If the user has completed the
Maintenance and Operational energy tabs at SDR, the information must be cleared
as it can only be filled out once.

• Six-monthly during construction (the six-monthly reporting periods run from 1

January – 30 June and from 1 July – 31 December. If a construction period starts on
1 June 2015, the first reporting period will show 1 January 2015 – 30 June 2015.)
Users are required to complete the Operational Energy and Maintenance Tab information at
CDR when sufficient information should be available to inform inputs. Users are not required
to report the actual Operational energy and Maintenance performance of the live asset.
The tool is able to cope with projects that cover a construction period of up to five years 1. To
reduce the chance of entering data into the wrong period, a navigation tab is included. The
navigation tab is where the relevant reporting stage is selected (refer Step 1 in the following
figure). Clicking on the ‘Go to Data input’ button (Step 2) will take the tool user to the
appropriate data entry tab.
To switch to the appropriate period for each reporting cycle (SDR, CDR, six-monthly
construction) be sure to return to the navigation tab each time. (Refer Section 1.1.2 for
guidance on saving different versions of the tool.)

1
Please contact I&S if your project will have a construction period in excess of five years.

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1.5.1. Selecting the relevant project reporting stage

Step 1: Select
reporting period
from drop down
box

Step 2: Click on ‘Go to data

input’ button to be taken to
the main data entry sheet

Note: click on the

‘feedback’ button for
details on how to provide
feedback on the tool

Note: The ‘navigation tab’ allows the tool user to select the design stage or construction
stage needing to be assessed, hiding the other tabs for ease of use.

The construction start and end dates will determine the number of available six-monthly
reporting tabs. As a general rule of thumb, construction includes all project work other than
minor works such as: fencing, investigative drilling/excavation; building/road dilapidation;
minor access roads; minor adjustments to services/utilities; establishing temporary
construction sites; and minor clearing.

1.6. Project Details Tab

The project details tab identifies the project being assessed, provides contact details,
ensures any reduction targets are articulated, and provides assurance details (i.e.
assessment sign-off).

Note: Information relating to the project’s value can be updated at each reporting period as
required. This information is collected for internal benchmarking purposes only.

SDR/CDR – data validation (sign off) must be provided by either a cost planner, design
manager or other such equivalent with visibility of the cost planning/tender estimate
process.

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Construction – data validation must be provided by the Construction Manager or

equivalent (refer Step 9 below).

Step 1: Enter project details (including the project’s capital

value). Primary and secondary project types can be
selected from the drop down box to confirm the scope of
your project as per the example shown

Step 2: From the drop down box, select the

appropriate scale of measurement and then enter the
quantity/scale.
E.g. the size of the station in this example is 750m2
and 200 car parking spaces will be provided

Step 3: It is important to enter the expected start

and completion dates for construction as this
Step 4: Enter a project description information will automatically update the six-
providing an overview of the scope and monthly reporting tabs within the ‘Navigation’ tab
remit of the project. This information
can usually be extracted from existing
planning reports/documentation

Project Details Tab (continued from previous)

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Step 5: Enter any relevant reduction targets that might be

specified through the Sustainable Design Guidelines
(SDGs); Transport for NSW Standard Requirements
(TSR); ISCA; or other requirements as applicable (tick all
that apply)

Step 6: Once you have entered the relevant targets, this

cell will auto-complete with the total minimum reduction
target

Step 7: Completion of this cell is optional. If you have set

an internal (informal) GHG reduction target, you can enter
this here to keep track of progress towards this target.

Step 8: Provide details for key

contacts responsible for entering
the data. You will also need to
enter the site address and project
location details (where this
information differs)

Step 9: To support data accuracy, it

is important to ensure data is
validated prior to submission. Enter
the details of the project team
member responsible for validating
the CERT submission prior to it
issue to I&S

Step 10: This information is for

internal I&S use only – do not
complete this section.

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1.7. Data Input tab

The data input tab can be accessed manually by clicking on the tab within the tool, or
automatically by clicking on the ‘Go to data input’ button within the navigation tab. The
following provides detailed guidance on how to complete this section.

Note: Completing this section of the tool will require referral to the tender estimate, Bill of
Quantities (BOQ), or equivalent – i.e. those document/s that were used to price the
contractor’s tender - based on material types, volumes etc. In some instances there may
be gaps in the data. In these instances assumptions will need to be made in order to
complete the data. (For example: assumptions may be needed if there are only high level
estimates available - such as km rail or m2 of station area – in these instances a cost
planner/s should be consulted.)

As SDR is an early design iteration, it is assumed there will be no, or only minor, changes
from the tender estimate through to SDR.
Tip: the SDR assessment is to be submitted at SDR stage however can be based on the
tender BOQ.

1.8. SDR Stage: Data Entry

The following steps provide guidance on completing the tool specific to the SDR project
lifecycle stage.

1.8.1. Materials
Within the data input tab the ‘materials’ section requires information to be entered for the
following:

• Concrete and reinforcement – ready mixed concrete, pre-cast concrete,

reinforcement steel (bar, mesh, strand & wire): refer 2.4.1.1
• Steel – structural steel (beams and columns, hot rolled coil, merchant bar, plate);
galvanised steel; total steel rails (heavy and light)
• Asphalt and Aggregates – asphalt (ten product variations); coarse aggregates;
recycled (coarse) aggregates; ballast; sand; manufactured sand, recycled crushed
glass
• Piping – reinforced concrete pipes; steel pipes and tubes; HDPE pipes; PVC pipes,
etc.
• Timber – Softwoods/Hardwoods, composites etc
• Other materials – i.e. glass; aluminium; ceramics, etc.
• Additional materials – any other materials that have not been previously
represented and/or captured that are believed to represent ≥5% of the project’s total
GHG emissions.

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1.8.1.1. Concrete and Reinforcement

The following outlines the necessary steps required to complete the concrete and
reinforcement data related to ready mixed concrete; precast concrete and reinforcement
steel.

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Entering ready mixed concrete quantities

The ready mixed concrete calculator allows input of up to 15 different compressive strengths
and mix designs (defined by rate of Portland cement content).

Reminder: Remember to
Step 1: Click on hyperlink insert evidence for all entries.
to access the ready mix
concrete calculator

Reminder: Remember to
insert evidence for all entries!

Step 2: From the drop down boxes – first select

the concrete strength grade and relevant unit of
quantity (m3 or tonnes). Now enter the quantity of
ready mix concrete and the Portland cement
content if known (if unknown leave blank).

Note: Portland cement content is used as a proxy for GHG intensity of concrete. Although
other components will have some effect, the chosen approach was considered the most
practical way for determining the absolute GHG intensity of concrete.

Base case assumptions: The base case for Portland cement content is embedded in the
calculator and based on the following:
• Benchmark quantities of Portland cement (in kg/m3) for each strength grade
• Concrete density of 2,400kg/m3
• Water/cement ratio of 0.35
• Remaining materials assumed as coarse aggregates
Refer to Compositions for default ready mix concrete mix compositions
Automatic Mitigation
By entering a Portland Cement content figure that is less than or greater than the Base
Case Assumption, CERT will automatically apply reduced or increased GHG emissions to
the Forecast or Actual Case associated with the difference.
Users should not use the ‘Mitigation Calculators’ to account for any reduced or increased
GHG emissions that are accounted for in the Automatic Mitigation in the Concrete Section.

Portland cement rate can be sourced from supplier mix design sheets.
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Entering precast concrete quantities

The precast concrete calculator allows up to 15 different compressive strengths and mix
designs (namely Portland cement content) to be entered.

Step 1: Click on hyperlink

to access the precast
concrete calculator

Step 3: Enter quantity and

select relevant metric (m3
or tonnes)

Step 3: Enter steel

Step 2: Select reinforcement quantity in
strength grade precast
from drop down
menu

Reminder: Once you have completed the necessary

calculator click this button to return to the main tool
interface and continue the data entry process

Note: In contrast to the ready-mixed concrete calculator, the Portland cement content of
precast concrete is estimated based on the strength grade. The reason for this difference
in approach is that the exact Portland cement content of precast products could be too
difficult to establish for the tool user.
Reinforcement steel incorporated into the precast concrete products should also be
entered in this section.

Base case assumptions:

The base case for Portland cement content is embedded in the calculator and based on
the following:
• Concrete density of 2,400kg/m3
• Benchmark quantities of Portland cement (in kg/m3) for each strength grade
• Water/cement ratio of 0.35
• Remaining materials assumed as coarse aggregates
Refer to Compositions for default ready mix concrete mix compositions
Automatic Mitigation
By entering a Portland Cement content figure that is less than or greater than the Base
Case Assumption, CERT will automatically apply reduced or increased GHG emissions to
the Forecast or Actual Case associated with the difference.
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Users should not use the ‘Mitigation Calculators’ to account for any reduced or increased
GHG emissions that are accounted for in the Automatic Mitigation in the Concrete Section.

Tip: Consult the product supplier/manufacturer for this information.

Reinforcement steel
The quantity of reinforcement steel (bars, mesh, post-tensioning strand and wire) used with
ready mixed concrete can be entered directly into the tool. Reinforcement steel embedded in
precast concrete should be entered in the precast concrete calculator section.

Step 1: Enter the quantity of

reinforcement steel directly into the tool

Tip: Reinforcement steel quantity would typically be sourced from the Bill of Quantities.

Mitigation Calculators:
Users should use the Mitigation Calculators to capture mitigations associated with alternative
products.

Steel
There are three components that comprise the entries for Steel within the tool. Of these, two
(‘structural steel and post-tensioned steel’ and ‘galvanised steel’) enable quantities to be
directly entered into the relevant data input cells. Only data entry regarding ’total steel rails
(heavy & light)’ requires use of the relevant calculator.

Step 1: Enter materials quantities directly into the cells

for the first 2 steel types. Be sure to complete the
transport scenarios calculator and provide the relevant
compliance evidence.

Reminder: once
Step 2: Click on the hyperlink to complete click to return
access the rail calculator to the main entry screen
and enter transport
scenarios into calculator

Step 3: Enter track type

quantities

Step 4: If applicable, select the rail type from

the drop down menu, then enter rail mass
(kg/m) and quantity (length of track in m)

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Tip: Use the empty worksheet tab ‘Sheet for notes (Materials)’ to record quantities of
structural steel and post-tensioning steel before aggregating them into the data input cell.
Tip: Note that the length is expressed in track metres. One track metre consists of two
metres of rail. The mass of the rail is expressed in kg/m of single rail (not track metres).
Mitigation Calculators:
Users should use the Mitigation Calculators to capture mitigations associated with alternative
products.

1.8.1.2. Asphalt and Aggregates

This section requires the tool user to enter details for asphalt and aggregates usage. Asphalt
information can be entered using the relevant calculator (see Asphalt Step 1 below), whereas
aggregates information should be entered directly into the main data entry sheet.

Asphalt
The asphalt calculator allows the tool user to input details on the type of asphalt being used
and the unit of measurement (tonnes/m3) from the drop down list.

Step 1: Click on hyperlink to access

asphalt calculator

Step 2: Select the type of asphalt to

be used from the drop down list. Enter
the appropriate quantity and unit of
measurement (m3/tonnes)

Base case assumptions:

The base case for Asphalt is embedded in the calculator and based on the following:
• Warm mix asphalt has a 25% heating energy reduction compared to hot mix
asphalt.
Refer to Appendix C: Default Material Mix Compositions for default ready mix concrete mix
compositions

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Aggregates

Step 1: Select the unit of measurement Step 2: Be sure to update the

from the drop down menu and enter the transport scenarios calculator to
quantity of aggregates directly into the account for the travel associated with
tool asphalt and aggregates

Mitigation Calculators:
Users should use the Mitigation Calculators to capture mitigations associated with alternative
products or value engineering.

1.8.1.3. Piping
There are a total of four calculators to assist the completion of piping information. The tool
user will need to complete these in order to populate the grey cells on the main data entry
sheet. Once information on quantity has been entered, the appropriate transport scenarios
will need to be completed to complete this section.

Step 1: Click on relevant

hyperlink to access piping
calculators

Note: This section of the tool provides

calculators for each of the listed piping types.
To enter the relevant type of piping just scroll
down the page or click on the relevant
hyperlink – as shown here

Step 2: Calculate the quantity of each of the four

identified piping categories by completing the
relevant calculators.
Information regarding nominal pipe lengths and
mass can be found in the supplier’s product
documentation

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1.8.1.4. Timber

Step 1: Select the unit of

measurement and enter Step 2: Be sure to update
the quantities of the the transport scenarios
various applicable timber calculator to account for the
types directly. travel associated with timber.

1.8.1.5. Other materials

Step 2: Update the transport

scenarios for other materials

Step 1: Enter the quantities of aluminium and

ceramics used directly into the corresponding
cells. For glass and electrical cables click on
the hyperlink to access the relevant
calculators

Step 3: Enter details on the type of

glass/application; glass thickness (refer
supplier’s product documentation); and
quantity (m2) used on the project

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Other materials (continued from previous)

Note: This section of the tool provides

calculators for each of the listed electric
cabling types. To enter the relevant type of
piping just scroll down the page to access

Step 4: Calculate the quantity of each of the

three identified cabling categories by completing
the relevant calculators.
Information regarding conductor area and mass
can be found in the supplier’s product
documentation

1.8.1.6. Additional materials

For any further materials that may not already be captured, there is an additional area for
inclusion. As these will be different across various projects, emission factors for these will
need to be sourced and provided by the tool user when completing the section.
Tool users only need to enter data into this section if the additional materials have a
significant impact on the project GHG emissions. Small amounts of materials that are not
covered elsewhere in CERT do not have to be included.
This section is intended to accommodate materials that were not identified and included in
the CERT as a result of I&S’s materiality assessment and innovative materials (e.g.
geopolymer concrete) not typically used on infrastructure projects but could reduce
emissions.

Note: Evidence of emission factors should be provided by suppliers, e.g. through

registered Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), plant or equipment product
specifications, or equivalent.

Step 1: Identify additional materials

including quantity, unit and emission factor

Step 2: Calculate transport associated

emissions.

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1.8.2. Materials Mitigation Calculator

The ‘materials mitigation Calculator’ section seeks to capture and reward opportunities to
mitigate the emissions associated with materials. Mitigation measures might include
alternative material solutions; optimising design (value engineering), etc.
The main area of difference between the SDR and CDR stage reporting relates to materials
mitigation.
During CDR stage the functionality to include design optimisation options (value engineering)
is enabled and the user can opt to include user defined mitigation measures (such as
recycled material) and/or can use the change in material quantities calculator as identified in
the example below.
Value engineering has been disabled at the SDR stage, as it is deemed too early in the
design stage to claim design changes. Only straightforward material mitigation (i.e. replacing
high emissions intensity materials with low emissions intensity materials) is available at SDR
stage.

Important note:
Concrete and Asphalt sections allow the user to enter alternative mix types which are
credited with ‘Automatic Mitigations’. For example, by entering a Portland Cement Content
figure for a concrete strength that is less than or greater than the Base Case Assumption,
CERT will automatically apply reduced or increased GHG emissions to the Forecast or
Actual Case associated with the difference.
Users should not use the ‘Mitigation Calculators’ to account for any reduced or increased
GHG emissions that are associated with changing the mix designs of concrete and asphalt
products.
EXAMPLE: In SDR, 50 tonnes of 40MPa concrete was included in the design. By CDR, the
design has been optimised to use 10 tonnes of higher strength 65 MPa concrete to replace
20 tonnes of 40MPa concrete. As a result overall, dematerialisation has occurred. To capture
this, enter both the 40MPa and 65 MPa concrete details into the materials input section. The
65MPa concrete should have zero quantity. In the materials mitigation calculator, the user
can now replace 20 tonnes of 40MPa concrete with 10 tonnes of 65 MPa concrete.

Note: When entering mitigation data, be sure to check whether the net mitigation is a
negative value if you expect a reduction in emissions.

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Step 2: Identify the

emission reduction
Step 1: Define the materials factor
mitigation activity and enter
the quantity of materials
contributing to the reduction
and specify the associated
unit of measurement from the
drop down box.

Note: The change in material quantities calculator is not

available for the SDR tab. This is because the project team has
not progressed the design and therefore cannot realistically
identify what design changes/optimisation will/have taken place

Tip: The mitigation achieved through ‘Reduction in material transport’ is calculated

automatically based on the user defined scenarios that have been entered.

1.8.3. Energy use

The energy use category comprises of a number of calculators associated with:

• Electricity use – total used on-site

• Diesel consumption for site vehicles

• Diesel consumption for stationary plant and equipment

• Diesel consumption for mobile plant and equipment

• Total usage of other fuels that have been consumed on-site in site vehicles,
stationary and mobile plant equipment.

1.8.3.1. Energy - electricity use on-site

The energy (electricity) calculator provides the tool user with two options for data entry.

Note: It is important to avoid double counting by using one of the options. However, use of
both options may be appropriate where, for example, total electricity use specifically
excludes certain plant/equipment and this is known to the tool user.

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Step 1: Click on hyperlink to

access electricity use, on-site
total calculator

Step 2: Enter electricity

consumption data into either
Option 1 (per site/grand total) or
Option 2 (per type of equipment
used)

1.8.3.2. Diesel consumption for site vehicles

This section provides the tool user with three options for completing the relevant calculator.
Options are based on the level of data available.

Step 1: Click on hyperlink to

access diesel consumption for
site vehicles calculator

Step 2: The energy calculator for fuel allows you to enter

data using a range of options.
• Option 1: input kL estimates for each fuel type to be used
• Option 2: estimate emissions based on construction
months and size of project
• Option 3: estimate emissions based on vehicles types
and km travelled
Fuel types can be selected from the drop down list

Note: Contractor site vehicles are not included in the scope of the CERT.

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1.8.3.3. Diesel (fuel) consumption for stationary plant

Tool users are provided with two options for uploading relevant data.

Step 1: Click on hyperlink to

access diesel consumption for
stationary plant calculator

Step 2: Complete Option 1 (total

fuel consumption estimates) or
Option 2 (equipment and plant
hours) based on available data.

1.8.3.4. Diesel consumption from mobile plant

Tool users are able to enter diesel consumption from mobile plant through two options.
It also provides the tool user the option to include any additional equipment not previously
listed.

Note: It is important to avoid double counting by using one of the options within each
energy (fuel) emission source. However, multiple options may be appropriate where for
example total fuel use is known for the principal contractor’s plant and equipment and dry
hire; but for wet hire, assumptions need to be made based on specific equipment types.

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Step 1: Click on hyperlink to

access diesel consumption for
mobile plant calculator

Step 2: Enter data based on total

fuel consumption estimates
(Option 1) or equipment and plant
hours (Option 2).

Step 3: If there is any additional

equipment that has not yet been
captured, use this table to enter
relevant information.

1.8.3.5. Total of other fuels consumed on-site in site vehicles, stationary and
mobile plant
Within the energy-use calculators, tool users are asked to specify the ‘fuel type’ from a drop
down box listing diesel, petrol, LPG and Ethanol blend (10%) as options. The cell containing
‘total of other fuels consumed on-site in site vehicles, stationary, and mobile plant’
automatically completes to include all petrol, LPG and Ethanol blend (10%) consumed on-
site once the relevant calculators have been updated.

Note: This information automatically generates

based on the entries related to petrol, LPG and
Ethanol blend (10%) consumption entered for
the other calculators

1.8.4. Energy use - mitigation calculator

This section enables energy mitigation measures and offsets purchased to be registered for
the project. The tool identifies a series of pre-determined energy mitigation areas (e.g.
electricity generated on-site, changes in electricity and fuel use, etc.) and also provides the
opportunity to capture any other categories that may not be covered by those listed.
It allows the tool user to input relevant information based on energy content (kWh, GJ), fuel
use (kL) or percentage reduction.
Note: Energy reduction measures must be entered as a negative value. When switching
between fuels, enter the replacement fuel as a positive and the avoided fuel as a negative.
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Once the unit of measurement has been selected from the drop-down box, information can
be entered directly into the relevant cells.

Note: Remember to reference relevant policies and evidence to support the mitigation
measures listed. Examples might include a copy of an idling policy; renewable energy
generated onsite; specifications outlining the use of efficient plant and equipment etc.

Step 1: Input relevant energy

mitigation measures for all those
initiatives that apply

Step 2: Input additional mitigation

measures as appropriate

Tip: The emission reduction factor shows as zero until a unit is selected. When the unit is
based on a percentage reduction, the emission reduction factor will be determined based on
the relevant amount of energy consumed and represents 1% of emissions associated with
total energy use for the category (e.g. electricity, mobile plant, etc.).

1.8.5. Waste generated

This section of the tool assesses the amount of waste generated by the project and sent to
landfill or recycling centres.
In order to account for emissions from degradation in landfill, the tool user is required to
distinguish inert waste (such as concrete, metals, glass, sand, spoil etc); timber and
vegetation waste; and, mixed waste (i.e. a mix of concrete, timber, bricks etc).
A transport distance of 50 km to a landfill site and 22km to a recycling centre is automatically
assumed. The tool uses National Greenhouse Account factors for the methane released
when organic waste is sent to landfill. The emission factors for the waste options are:

e
Waste Type Emission Factor (kg CO2 /t)
Transport of waste to landfill 6.45
Transport of waste to recycling centre 2.84
Construction and demolition waste to landfill: inert waste 0
Construction and demolition waste to landfill: timber, 600
vegetation waste
Construction and demolition waste to landfill: mixed waste 200
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Note: Transport of waste to landfill

automatically generates based on the
below inputs

Step 1: Enter waste details directly into

tool including relevant quantities and
units – tonnes or m3

1.8.6. Waste mitigation calculator

Measuring waste mitigation measures aims to capture details on the amount of waste being
diverted from landfill.
Note: Waste transport to an off-site recycling centre assumes a transport distance of 22 km
to the recycling centre.
Additionally the tool seeks to capture any waste mitigation measures that might have been
adopted onsite i.e. materials that have been constructed off site or the selection of
prefabricated components etc.

Step 1: Enter quantities of waste sent off site

for recycling and the amounts reused on site.
The grey cell associated with waste transport
will automatically generate based on the
quantities entered for waste sent off-site

Step 2: Enter any additional waste mitigation

measures, then input the quantity and from the
drop-down box select the appropriate unit of
measurement – kg; tonnes; m3; tkm. Following
this, identify and enter the emission factor
relevant to the mitigation measure identified

Note: For six-monthly construction reporting (only) it may be useful to base waste data on
the information gathered in line with the Government Resource Efficiency Policy (GREP)
waste reporting requirements.

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1.8.7. Land use / vegetation clearing

The land use category seeks to identify the emissions associated with vegetation and street
tree clearing. A specific calculator has been included to assist with identifying the type of
vegetation being cleared, as well as a calculator for street tree clearing.
Based on the maps provided in Attachment A of the TAGG 2013 Workbook the tool user is
required to identify the vegetation type and the ‘Maxbio’ class for the location within the
calculator (refer Appendix D: Maxbio Classification Maps – NSW).

Step 1: Click on the total area of vegetation

cleared hyperlink – the cells in this section
auto-complete once data has been entered
into the vegetation clearing/land use
calculator

Step 3: Enter the area cleared in

hectares; the tool will then
automatically calculate the
emission factors and total
Step 2: Select the vegetation
emissions.
class from the drop down box;
and enter the appropriate Maxbio
class (refer Appendix D map)

Clearing of street trees is included separately from vegetation clearing across larger areas.
The user is required to input the number and size (diameter at breast height) of street trees
to be cleared. The tool will automatically calculate the estimated emissions due to carbon
sequestration loss. The losses are based on a simplified calculation, assuming all carbon
sequestered by the tree is returned to the atmosphere as CO2. Although this approach
carries significant uncertainty, it was deemed appropriate for high level estimates within
CERT.

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Step 1: Click on the total street trees cleared

hyperlink – the cells in this section auto-
complete once data has been entered into
the street tree clearing calculator

Step 2: Categorise
the street trees to be
cleared and input
into cells

1.8.8. Revegetation – mitigation

Contrary to the first version of the tool, CERT Version 2 now enables measures associated
with revegetation (and street tree planting) to be captured and counted towards carbon
sequestration. Although the TAGG 2013 Workbook does not consider revegetation, an
estimate of revegetation impacts has been included in this tool upon request from
stakeholders.
The revegetation calculator operates in the same way (albeit in opposite direction) as the
Land Use/Vegetation Clearing calculator. Revegetation is thus counted as a carbon emission
mitigation rather than contribution. Data is required to be inputted in the same manner as the
Land Use/Vegetation Clearing and street tree removal calculators.

Step 1: Click on the total area of revegetation

hyperlink – the cells in this section auto-
complete once data has been entered into the
vegetation clearing/land use calculator

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Step 3: Enter the area cleared in

hectares; the tool will then
automatically calculate the
Step 2: Select the vegetation
emission factors and total
class from the drop down box;
emissions.
and enter the appropriate Maxbio
class (refer Appendix C map)

Step 1: Click on the total street trees planted

hyperlink – the cells in this section auto-
complete once data has been entered into the
street trees planted calculator

Step 2: Categorise
the street trees to be
cleared and input
into cells

1.8.9. Completion of SDR Stage Data Entry

Once data for land use/vegetation clearing has been entered and appropriate evidence
documentation completed across all categories, CERT reporting for this stage of the project
is complete.
Prior to submitting the completed SDR CERT to I&S for review, ensure the data is checked
and verified/assured as per the guidance outlined in Section 2.2.
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Reminder: To keep track of the CERT data entries across the respective project stages, it is
recommended that each version is saved using a unique name.

The following naming convention is suggested:

“[tool version] – [project name] – [reporting period] – [submission date]”

For example: “TfNSW CERT v1 – Newcastle Light Rail – CDR – 30 June 2015”. When
reporting for each reporting period, it is recommended the latest version of the file is used
and is renamed/updated according to the relevant reporting period.

1.9. CDR Stage: Data Entry

For the most part, the steps required to complete the tool during CDR stage are the same as
those required with completion during SDR stage.
The following section notes specific differences between SDR and CDR reporting stages and
provides clarity on data and tasks required specific to the CDR stage of the CERT.

1.9.1. Data Input

A key functionality at the CDR reporting stage is the ability to carry across source data from
SDR. This functionality enables the tool user to input data by either copying it across from
the SDR data page, or updating based on new CDR data (e.g. revised Cost Plan or
equivalent). In most instances (depending on variables such as the size of the project), a
new BOQ would be developed or the tender phase BOQ refined as part of updating the Cost
Plan to reflect final design. The project cost planners or procurement teams should have
access to this revised Cost Plan/BOQ information.

Note: clicking on this button,

automatically updates the CDR
data entry sheet with all
information entered during the
project’s SDR stage

Tip: Copying data over from SDR to CDR will overwrite any data the user already entered on
the CDR tab. Therefore it is recommended to copy data across first before changes are
made to the CDR tab.
Note: Users are required to complete the Operational energy and Maintenance Tab
information at CDR. Users are not required to report actual performance of the live asset.
The extent to which the design may change from SDR to CDR is dependent on the project.
Typically, there would be substantive design changes driven by activities associated with
scope variation or design optimisation (such as value engineering) exercises.
The CERT manages this issue by enabling different options for data input from SDR to CDR
stage.
The tool user may either:
1. Copy SDR input data to the CDR tab and apply mitigation measures (or leave
unchanged).

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2. Copy SDR input data to the CDR tab and update data inputs based on final design
and associated BOQ.
3. Start afresh using a blank CDR worksheet to input new CDR data based on final
design and associated BOQ.

Option 1: Copy SDR input data to the CDR tab and apply mitigation measures
(or leave unchanged)
The user may choose to copy SDR input data to the CDR tab and leave entire tab
unchanged. Or the user may choose to use the mitigation calculators to demonstrate
improvements from early (SDR) design to CDR. It is important to note both (material/energy)
reductions and additions must be accounted for. The user has the option to enter positive or
negative values in the calculator to get the appropriate result.
Note: When entering mitigation data, be sure to check whether the net mitigation is a
negative value if you expect a reduction in emissions.
While some design optimisation may constitute a simple reduction in materials, in many
instances a reduction in one material may require an increase in another. Such increases
need to be included to ensure a balanced representation of design changes.
1.9.1.1. Materials mitigation calculator
The main area of difference between the SDR and CDR stage reporting relates to materials
mitigation.
During CDR stage, the functionality to include design optimisation options is enabled and the
tool user can opt to include user defined mitigation measures (such as recycled material)
and/or can use the change in material quantities calculator as identified in the example below

Example: this example is based on using 500

tonnes of TonerPave asphalt to replace 500
tonnes of asphalt. This is captured in both the
mitigation measures section of the table and
the value engineering table

Step 1: Capture the Step 2: Step 3: Input quantity, transport

material and quantity Identify and distance, and emission factor of
replacing the BAU define material being avoided. Refer to
material emission ‘Formulas and background worksheet
factor for typical emission factors

Note: The top table features drop-down menus of materials. Use this section if the value
engineered or optimised materials exist in this list. The bottom table allows for user-defined

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alternative materials that are not included in the drop-down menu. Both tables perform the
same calculations.

Change in material quantities – design optimisation

Design optimisation can be captured in the value engineering section under Materials
Related Mitigation Calculator. This is only applicable to CDR as at SDR stage design is not
sufficiently progressed to have implemented design optimisation opportunities.

Note: Design optimisation must be accompanied by evidence (e.g. meeting minutes) and
must be an active decision to improve design, namely reduce or optimise material
consumption. A change (lessening) of design scope (e.g. removal of bridge) is a scope
change and cannot be considered a mitigation measure.
EXAMPLE: In the SDR phase 400 tonnes of 40 MPa concrete was used for a car park floor
base (‘Ready mixed concrete (I)’ in Ready mixed concrete calculator). Through design
optimisation, 350 tonnes of concrete will be used based on CDR design. There are three
different ways this change can be entered into the calculator:

• By selecting the appropriate material in the table on the left hand and inserting -50
(negative value) tonnes into the calculator, a reduction from the base case will be
enabled.

• By selecting the appropriate material in the table on the right hand and inserting
50 (positive value) tonnes into the calculator, a reduction from the base case will
be enabled.

• By selecting the appropriate material in the table on the left hand and inserting
350 (positive value) tonnes into the calculator (= value after mitigation), then
selecting the appropriate material in the table on the right hand and inserting 400
(positive value) tonnes into the calculator (= value before mitigation), a reduction
from the base case will be enabled.

Option 1: Insert reduction Option 2: Insert

in material. E.g. ready replacement of material.
mixed concrete reduction E.g. ready mixed concrete
of 50 tonnes avoided of 50 tonnes

Option 3: Insert value engineered

material on left table, and replaced
material on right table. E.g. +350
tonnes on left, +400 tonnes on right.

Note: As there are only 12 rows available in the Change in material quantities calculator,
only significant design optimisation/change exercises should be captured.

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Option 2: Copy SDR input data to the CDR tab and update based on final design
and associated BOQ.
By updating the SDR input data based on new BOQ information, any efficiencies gained from
SDR to CDR will be lost. This is because there is NO automatic linking of data in SDR to
CDR.
Therefore, the only option to demonstrate improvements i.e. material reductions and
efficiencies from SDR to CDR is to use the Change in material quantities calculator.
A limitation of inputting data using this method is that it will create an artificially smaller GHG
footprint as it is subtracting from the CDR design data (which is the final design; not a base
case). This does not pose a significant issue because the purpose of this exercise is to
encourage mitigation and measure implementation, and at the design stage the calculation
always provides an estimated forecast of construction emissions. What is important is the
approximate per cent (%) reduction achieved so as to support six-monthly reporting on actual
emissions (see Section 2.6).

Option 3: Start blank, inputting new CDR data based on final design and
associated BOQ.
The tool user may choose to start the CDR data input sheet blank (e.g. choose not to copy
information across from SDR stage). If this option is selected then the same approach as
identified for Option 2 above will apply.

1.10. Six Monthly Construction Stages: Data Entry

The data entry processes for entering six-monthly construction stage reporting are the same
as those entered at the SDR stage. The key difference between reporting at construction
phase as opposed to design phase (SDR and CDR) is that the data entered will be actual
data i.e. based on invoices; meter readings etc. In instances where invoices are late, the tool
user is advised to retain this information and simply add it to the reporting data for the next
six-months. At project completion, all materials used in the project should have been
accounted for.
The reporting periods are defined as from 1 January – 30 June, and 1 July – 31 December
across the full program of construction. CERT can only handle a construction period of 5
years. Please contact I&S if your project will have a construction period in excess of 5 years.

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2. Operational Energy Tab

Note: Users are required to complete the Operational Energy Tab information at CDR stage.
The Operational Energy Tab information may be provided at SDR at the discretion of the
user. It may be difficult to determine the Operational information at the SDR stage. Users are
not required to report actual performance of the live asset.
The Operational Energy Tab provides a comparative calculator for the user to enter in the
following:

• Base Case – Estimated BAU energy use

• Forecast – Estimated Optimised energy use

The Base Case and Forecast comparison is designed to:

• Assist users to determine areas of material operational energy uses and consider
strategies that may reduce future operational GHG emissions during the design and
construction stages.

• Capture estimated operational energy towards documentation for ISCA Ene-1 credit
evidence

Base Case
The Base Case operational scenario should be used to establish the operational energy use
of the project based on BAU (generally minimum compliance) technology and design
outcomes. Users are required to enter in all the material operational GHG emission sources.
The Base Case quantities and fuel type must be defined by the user. The fuel type emission
factors are embedded into the calculator.
The Operations Tab also features a means for optional scope 3 emissions reporting. This
includes staff/employee travel for both business-related purposes and daily commuting to
and from the workplace and secondary effects of asset delivery or operation. This option has
been included to allow for better alignment with the development of the ISCA Ene-1 credit. It
is important to note that these optional emissions are not added to the totals reported in the
CERT tool.

Forecast
The Forecast scenario should be used to establish the operational energy use of the project
based on the intended optimised technology and design outcomes. The optimisation must be
relative to the design initiatives and the associated specified/manufacturer performance data
where available.
Where applicable, users should consider the ISCA guidance on BAU assumptions to assist
in determining industry BAU strategies/performance.
The operational energy mitigation calculator provides the user the opportunity to capture
GHG emission mitigation measures through, for example; reduction of energy use and fuel
swapping. A separate area in the mitigation section deals with the purchase of green power,
renewable energy certificates and carbon offsets. The relevant quantities and unit measures
must be defined by the user.

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2.1. Estimated BAU Operational Energy Use

The following outlines the necessary steps required to complete the estimated BAU energy
use, estimated BAU use of synthetic gases, and optional scope 3 emissions sections.

2.1.1. Estimated BAU Energy Use

The user has the option of estimating BAU energy use via two methods. Data may be
entered as an aggregate across the whole project by energy (electricity/fuel) type and
quantity, or broken down by operational activity and the associated energy quantity and type
consumed. The user can breakdown the report in up to six sections for various project
elements. Note: When the user enters data using both methods, the values entered for the
whole project will take precedence over the operational activity breakdown.

Option 1: Enter total

quantities and unit
measures for each
fuel type

Input
data
one of
the two
methods

Option 2: Enter project

element and the associated Reminder: Remember to
fuel type and quantities. Unit of insert evidence for all entries.
measure must be defined.

2.1.2. Estimated BAU Use of Synthetic Gases

The use of synthetic gases is directly entered into the tool. The quantity of synthetic gases
used, denoted as the annual charge rate, and the corresponding Global Warming Potential
(GWP) must be entered by the user. If the annual charge rate is not known, it can be
estimated by multiplying the initial charge of the system with the system’s annual leakage
rate. A list of default leakage rates for common uses is provided for reference.
A list of GWP factors for common greenhouse gases is provided on the “Formulas and
background” worksheet. If it is not on the list, it may be a mixture of the greenhouse gases on
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the list, and can be calculated based on its constituent gases. The supplier can usually also
provide the GWP factors.

Step 1: Label the location/use Step 2: Label the synthetic gas

of synthetic gas and enter the used and enter its
annual charge rate corresponding GWP factor

Reminder: Remember to
insert evidence for all entries.

2.1.3. Optional Reporting of Scope 3 Emissions

The optional reporting of scope 3 emissions is included to provide better alignment of CERT
with the ISCA Ene-1 credit. All field entries are user defined, and users must ensure the
appropriate fuel quantity, fuel energy density and emission factor are entered correctly. As
these emissions are not included in the CERT totals, the resulting energy and emissions data
are shown to the right of the data entry section.

Step 1: Enter the fuel quantity

for the activity and define the Reminder: Remember to
unit of measure. insert evidence for all entries.

Resulting emissions data

shown here

2.2. Forecast Optimised Operational Energy Use

The forecast data need to be entered to the right of the base case data. For the most part,
the steps required to complete the forecast optimised operational energy use, use of
synthetic gas, and optional scope 3 emissions are the same as those required in the base
case.

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2.2.1. Data Input

In the same manner as the CDR Stage Tab, data entries can be copied from the Base Case
through to the Forecast fields.
The tool user may either:
1. Copy Base Case input data to the Forecast Optimised fields and apply mitigation
measures (or leave unchanged).
2. Copy Base Case input data to the Forecast Optimised fields and update data inputs
based on final design and operational plan.
3. Start afresh using a blank Forecast Optimised fields to input new Forecast
Optimised data based on final design and operational plan.

2.2.1.1. Operational Energy Mitigation Calculator

The operational energy mitigation calculator enables the user to capture operational
optimisations through, for example; on-site renewable energy generation, energy reduction
and fuel swapping. A separate area in the mitigation section deals with the purchase of green
power, renewable energy certificates and carbon offsets.

Step 1: Define the Step 2: Enter the change in fuel quantities and
type of mitigation select the appropriate unit. A reduction in energy
use should be denoted with a negative quantity, and
an increase with a positive quantity.

Reminder: Remember to
insert evidence for all entries.

Step 3: Enter the quantity of offset

measures purchased, and define the
unit of offset.

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3. Maintenance Tab
Note: Users are required to complete the Maintenance Tab information at CDR stage. The
Maintenance Tab information may be provided at SDR at the discretion of the user. It may
be difficult to determine the Maintenance information at the SDR stage. Users are not
required to report actual maintenance performance of the live asset.
The Maintenance Tab provides a comparative calculator for the user to enter in the following:

• Base Case – Estimated energy use and materials consumption due to:
o Routine maintenance (RM)
o Major preventive maintenance (MPM)

• Forecast – Estimated Optimised energy use and materials consumption due to:
o Routine maintenance (RM)
o Major preventive maintenance (MPM)
The Base Case and Forecast comparison is designed to:

• Assist users to determine areas of substantial energy use and material consumption
during maintenance (including product replacement) and consider strategies during
design and construction that may reduce the future GHG emissions.

• Capture estimated maintenance-related energy use towards documentation for

ISCA energy credit evidence

• Capture estimated maintenance-related material consumption towards

documentation for ISCA Mat-1 credit evidence

Definitions:
Routine maintenance (RM) includes:
• Zonal. visual inspection not requiring dismantling, adjustments, or servicing to
identify areas of concern requiring further investigation or remedial action
• Repair or failure (functional or conditional) associated with an asset or component
• Calibrate asset in accordance with the design or manufacturer’s specifications so
as to return the asset to within standard operating tolerance
• Clean asset to improve presentation or to support operational service requirement
Major Preventive Maintenance (MPM) includes:
• Restore the asset to function (original capacity, not new) by replacing asset
components with new or reconditioned components
• Re-profile (i.e. machine or adjust) the asset in accordance with the design or
manufacturer’s specifications so as to return the asset to within standard
operating tolerance
• Replacement of an existing asset that has reached the end of its useful life with a
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new asset capable of providing the same or agreed alternative level of service as
the existing asset.

Base Case
The Base Case maintenance scenario is used to establish the maintenance-related energy
use and materials consumption of the project based on BAU (generally minimum
compliance) technology and design outcomes. Users are required to enter in all information
related to energy and material consumption.
The Base Case fuel and material quantities must be defined by the user and the fuel types
and materials selected. The relevant emission factors for the fuel types and materials are
embedded into the calculator.
Forecast
The Forecast scenario is used to establish the maintenance-related energy use and
materials consumption of the project based on the intended optimised technology and design
outcomes. The optimisation must be relative to the design initiatives and the associated
specified/manufacturer performance data where available.
Where applicable, users should consider the ISCA guidance on BAU assumptions to assist
determine industry BAU strategies/performance.

3.1. Estimate BAU Maintenance Material and Energy Use

The following outlines the necessary steps required to complete the estimated BAU material
and energy use for both routine and major preventive maintenance activities.

3.1.1. Estimated BAU RM Material and Energy Use

Step 1: Enter estimated

quantity of fuel consumed and
its unit of measure.

Reminder: Remember to
insert evidence for all entries.

Step 2: Enter estimated quantity of materials

used and its unit of measure. Users may also
enter materials not provided in the drop-down
list, but must provide its emission factor

3.1.2. Estimated BAU MPM Material and Energy Use

Users can enter energy use due to MPM directly into the tool. The values are expressed as
an annual consumption of energy, therefore must be calculated by dividing the estimated
energy use for a particular MPM activity divided by the number of years between each MPM

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event. For example, if 10kL of diesel is used in the resurfacing of asphalt that is performed
once every 5 years, then the user should enter 2kL/year of diesel.
For material use, the quantity of materials used at CDR should already be reflected. Users
must define the expected product lifetime of each material used in MPM activities. If only a
proportion of the material is replaced at each replacement, then this must also be defined.
Enter 100% if the total amount of the material is replaced at each replacement.
Users can use the table below (“Additional or alternative materials required for Major
Preventive Maintenance (MPM)”) to deal with more complicated replacement scenarios. In
this case it might be easier to work out the average quantity of materials required per year.

Step 1: Enter estimated annualised

quantity of fuel consumed and its
unit of measure.

Reminder: Remember to
insert evidence for all entries.

Step 2: For each material,

enter its product service life,
and the proportion that is
replaced at each replacement
event.

3.2. Forecast Optimised Maintenance Material and Energy Use

The steps required to complete the Maintenance Forecast Optimised Material and Energy
Use data fields are the same as the steps in the Base Case.

3.2.1. Data Input

Data entries can be copied from the Base Case through to the Forecast fields, which sit to
the right of the Base Case.
The tool user may either:
1. Copy Base Case input data to the Forecast Optimised fields and apply mitigation
measures (or leave unchanged).
2. Copy Base Case input data to the Forecast Optimised fields and update data inputs
based on final design and operational plan.
3. Start afresh using a blank Forecast Optimised fields to input new Forecast
Optimised data based on final design and operational plan.

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3.2.1.1. Maintenance Mitigation Calculator

The maintenance mitigation calculator enables the user to capture both routine and major
preventive maintenance optimisations due to changes in material and energy use. Users
may select materials from the pre-defined drop-down list or define their own material, in
which case an emissions factor must also be provided.
For the change in material quantities, there are three ways to enter data. Suppose you are
reducing the amount of asphalt that needs to be replaced from 100 tonnes to 75 tonnes. The
original quantity of 100 tonnes should be entered into the Materials use section. The
mitigation can be entered in three different ways:
1. Enter a negative value (change in quantity) in the table on the left (i.e. -25 tonnes of
asphalt) and leave the table on the right empty.
2. Enter a positive value (replacement quantity) in the table on the left (i.e. 75 tonnes of
asphalt) and the original (replaced) quantity in the table on the right (i.e. 100 tonnes
of asphalt)
3. Enter a positive value (avoided quantity) in the table on the right (i.e. 25 tonnes of
asphalt) and leave the table on the left empty.

Step 1: Select the relevant materials being changed

and enter the changes in quantity as per the steps
above. The unit of measurement must be defined.

Reminder: Remember to
insert evidence for all entries.

Step 2: Enter the change in fuel quantities and

select the appropriate unit. A reduction in energy
use should be denoted with a negative quantity,
and an increase with a positive quantity.

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4. Detailed Results tab

The ‘detailed results tab’ provides a range of graphs that are informed by the data entered
across the project lifecycle. The detailed results tab provides useful summary information
through a number of graphs that help track progress. Notably, this section of the tool also
provides a breakdown of scope 1 and scope 2 emissions for use towards the ISCA Ene-1
credit (refer Appendix D). Key graphs within this section include:

• Breakdown of emissions per emitting category for each stage of the project. The
graph can also be generated to show emissions for all stages of the project

• Breakdown of emissions by scope for each stage of the project. The graph can also
be generated to show the breakdown of scopes across all stages of the project.

• Six-monthly absolute or cumulative project emissions

• Reductions achieved across key emitting categories (materials, energy, land use,
waste)

4.1.1. Breakdown per emission source

For both graphs

the tool user will
need to select the
relevant reporting
period to be
represented. The
graphs can also be
generated to show
the breakdown of
scopes across all
stages of the
project

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4.1.2. Breakdown per project life cycle stage

4.1.3. Six-monthly cumulative or absolute project emissions

Step 1: Select the option to display

cumulative or absolute emissions
from the drop down menu

Step 2: Select the

data to be
displayed by
checking the
relevant tick boxes

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4.1.4. Reductions achieved across key emitting categories (materials, energy,

land use, waste)

Select which reporting

period is to be
displayed (includes an
option to display all
periods)

4.2. Dashboard tab

The ‘dashboard tab’ provides an outline of the forecast and actual emissions against the
base-case in order to present the total percentage reduction in project emissions. This
information is presented in a table and ‘speedometer’ graphic – both of which are auto-
generated based on the information added at the project details stage and across all of the
project’s reporting stages.

Step 1: The table summarises

forecast and actual emissions
across the relevant project
stages to highlight the level of
emissions reduction achieved
relative to the base case

Step 2: The speedometer

provides a graphic display on Note: The information button
how the project has tracked on this page provides further
against the emissions information about the data
reduction targets identified for represented in the table and
the project speedometer

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The dashboard also provides the user with the option to generate graphs based on actual
performance against the estimates entered at design stages of the project.

From the drop-down box,

select the relevant design
period to be displayed –
SDR or CDR

Emissions against the base case for the various project periods can also be displayed.

From the drop-down box,

select the relevant project
stage to be shown

To assist with the broader benchmarking and comparison across I&S projects, an auto-
generated KPI response is included in the dashboard that presents the total amount of GHG
emissions per million dollars (tCO2e/$m).

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The final feature of the dashboard is to present a summary of emissions reduction equivalent
to a number of car trips; number of flights; average Australian per capita and NSW
households. This has been developed to assist with communicating emission reductions to
third parties. It provides an idea of the size of emissions reduction compared to the base
case for each stage of the project.

From the drop-down box,

select the relevant project
stage to be shown

4.2.1. ISCA and CERT

Reflecting the I&S requirement for all projects ≥$50 million to achieve an ISCA rating, many
I&S projects will be applying both the CERT and the ISCA IS rating tool in parallel. As such
efforts have been made to align the requirements of the CERT with those included in the IS
rating tool where possible.
An Ene-1 output table has been included in the Detailed Results tab of the CERT (refer
below). Completion of this table supports the reporting requirements for design, construction
and operational emissions as outlined in ISCA’s Ene-1 category: Energy and carbon
monitoring and reduction.

This table can be used

towards compliance with
Ene-1 for design and Within the tool there are useful
reminder prompts that provide
construction
further information regarding
the CERT’s interface with the
Ene-1 requirements

ISCA and I&S are working together to seek closer alignment between the materials emission
factors included in both tools. In CERT, emission factors for materials are based on the
Australian National Life Cycle Inventory Database (AusLCI), including its shadow-database,
unless better data are available through published Environmental Product Declarations. The

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only exceptions are factors for recycled aggregates, which are based on a 2010 study for
Sustainable Aggregates South Australia.
I&S is committed to reviewing the emission factors included in the CERT on a regular basis
(at a minimum this will be done every 12 months) with a view to updating information as
appropriate. I&S will look to engage with key stakeholders including ALCAS and ISCA to
discuss update and revision timeframes.

5. Submission requirements
The following provides general guidance related to report submission requirements. It is
noted that these may change for a particular project and any project specific requirements as
outlined by the TfNSW Project Sustainability Officer should be followed.
Generally, completed CERT reports should be sent to the TfNSW Project Sustainability
Officer in line with the following requirements:

• Submit the final version of the CERT to the nominated TfNSW Sustainability Officer
at:
o SDR design stage (or equivalent)
o CDR design stage (or equivalent)
o Six-monthly (from official start of construction)

• Once the tool has been completed for each of the above stages, submit a short
memo (template provided in Appendix E) outlining the key results
Important: TfNSW will only accept CERT submissions that are:

• Complete – quantities have been completed for all emitting categories and sources
(unless the source is not applicable to the project)

• Supported by documented evidence – a 90% evidence inclusion rate is required

for general data input. A 100% evidence inclusion rate is required for evidence of
mitigation measures
Note: at SDR and CDR stage, some mitigation measures may be likely but not ‘locked in’.
However some evidence of the source of the proposed measure is required e.g. email
communication to a supplier of an alternate material.
If these minimum criteria are not met, the TfNSW Sustainability Officer may return the report
for revision by the tool user.

Constraints and common questions

While every effort has been made to facilitate the creation of a flexible and user-friendly tool
interface we acknowledge the CERT will have some limitations. Feedback is both
encouraged and welcomed to help refine and improve future versions on the tool. Comments
can be provided at [email protected]
The following section provides an overview of some of the known constraints of the tool to
help tool users understand current limitations.

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A summary of frequently asked questions has also been included – these have been
generated through the engagement process that has underpinned the tool’s development.

Constraints
• To simplify the tool’s data entry process, the option has been included to either input
transport scenarios specifically, or use default, business-as-usual transport scenarios.
The transport of materials is and will remain a difficult/contentious issue particularly
with regard to referencing a base case. For example, some of the emission factors
are not state specific due to information not being available which means they
assume a worse case or better case baseline than what could be realistically
expected for NSW. Further it is impractical to record all raw materials from the
beginning of the project lifecycle (e.g. iron ore and cokes used for steel production).

• Transport is not a major contributor to GHG emissions for most projects (less than
10% on average based on the materiality assessment undertaken by I&S). The
decisions made regarding transport distances, modes, return loads, etc. will have a
limited effect on the overall carbon footprint of a project.

• In order to develop the base case some assumptions have been required due to a
lack of existing data and/or reference material. Where assumptions have been made
this information is documented, refer ‘formulas and background tab’.

• In line with the TAGG 2013 Workbook vegetation offsets are not included as part of
land clearing mitigation. It is acknowledged that this could present an issue for
greenfield projects as land clearing can produce large emissions profile. It is
anticipated this will be reconsidered when the second version of the tool is planned.

• The CERT tool is a simplified, high level GHG reporting tool. It is not designed to
substitute detailed Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) models – future versions of the tool
make seek to reconcile the inclusion of LCA.

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Appendix A: CERT Glossary

Table 1 CERT Glossary
Term Definition

Actual Emissions Relates to the project’s construction stage emissions. As the name
suggests, these relate to the actual emissions being produced during
project construction. Data will largely be informed and confirmed by
invoices.

Base Case The tool automatically calculates a project base case for each
associated stage of the tool (SDR, CDR or actual). It is designed to
provide an understanding of a business-as-usual approach that does
not factor in mitigation measures.
Emissions reduction across the construction life of the project is
measured against the respective base-case NOT against each
respective stage. For example, CDR emissions reductions are based
on the auto-generated CDR base case – they are not based on
emissions reduced through design refinements since SDR.
The base case is calculated by applying default emission factors for
relevant materials (e.g. concrete, asphalt etc.) to the quantities of
materials entered by the tool user. It also takes into account a default
transport scenario for the associated materials.
Any value engineering options that lead to changes in the materials
quantities (typically a reduction in materials or switch from one
material to another) should be entered in the ‘Materials – mitigation
measures’ section. (This is possible from CDR stage onwards.)
Note: It is possible to end up with a design that has higher emissions
than the base case. This would be the case if for example the cement
content in the specified concrete is higher than business as usual, or
if transport distances are much larger than usual.
The base case relates to all data (excluding mitigation measures)
associated with materials, energy, waste and land use.

Carbon dioxide A standard measure that takes account of the different global
equivalent (CO2e) warming potentials (GWPs) of greenhouse gases and expresses the
cumulative effect in a common, universal unit of measurement.
CERT uses GWPs taken from the IPCC’s Second Assessment
Report (SAR), applying a 100 year time horizon. This is consistent
with NGA and NGERS reporting.

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Term Definition

Critical Design Review CDR represents design completion. CDR tool entries would be
(CDR) based on the project’s completed detailed design (i.e. 100%).

Emission Factors Emission factors for calculating emissions are generally expressed
in the form of a quantity of GHG emitted per unit of activity – e.g.
energy (kg CO2e /GJ), fuel (kg CO2e/L diesel) or material (kg
CO2e/kg steel). Emission factors are used to calculate GHG
emissions by multiplying the factor (e.g. kg CO2e/GJ energy in
petrol) with activity data (e.g. kilolitres x energy density of petrol
used).
The emission factors used in CERT cover scope 1, 2 and 3
emissions.

End of Life To be defined by Energetics

Forecast Emissions Forecast emissions relate to those emissions estimated during SDR
and CDR reporting stages. They are based on design estimates
rather than actual emissions that are generated through the
construction phase.

Maintenance To be defined by Energetics

Mitigation Represents measures and initiatives to reduce the GHG emissions

associated with materials, energy and waste in the project.

System Design Review SDR commonly represents approximately 20% design completion.
(SDR) The CERT supports completion of a preliminary carbon estimate
based on early design details.

Operations To be defined by Energetics

Tool user Throughout the steps outlined in the guide, reference is made to the
‘tool user’. This is the person or people whose responsibility it is to
complete the CERT for their respective project.
Note: It is at the discretion of the contractor/consultant to nominate
the individual/s responsible for completing the CERT and submitting
the accompanying reports. However at both SDR and CDR or
equivalent stages, signoff must be provided by a cost planner,
design manager or equivalent representative with visibility of the
cost planning/tender estimate process.

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Appendix B: Default Transport Scenarios

Default transport scenarios
Domestic
Material Rigid truck Articulated Train Ship
truck

Ready mixed concrete, 20MPa or less 40 km

Ready mixed concrete, 25MPa 40 km
Ready mixed concrete, 32MPa 40 km
Ready mixed concrete, 40MPa 40 km
Ready mixed concrete, 50MPa 40 km
Ready mixed concrete, 60MPa 40 km
Ready mixed concrete, 80MPa 40 km
Ready mixed concrete, more than 40 km
80MPa
Portland cement x x x x
Fine aggregates 100 km
Coarse aggregates 100 km
Recycled (coarse) aggregates 50 km
Ballast 100 km
Sand 100 km
Manufactured sand 50 km
Recycled Crushed Glass 50 km
Water (potable) x x x x
Concrete production process x x x x
Ready mixed concrete (I) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (II) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (III) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (IV) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (V) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (VI) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (VII) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (VIII) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (IX) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (X) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (XI) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (XII) 40 km
Ready mixed concrete (XIII) 40 km

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Ready mixed concrete (XIV) 40 km

Ready mixed concrete (XV) 40 km
Precast concrete, 32MPa 150 km
Precast concrete, 40MPa 150 km
Precast concrete, 50MPa 150 km
Precast concrete, 65MPa 150 km
Precast concrete, 80MPa 150 km
Precast concrete (I) 150 km
Precast concrete (II) 150 km
Precast concrete (III) 150 km
Precast concrete (IV) 150 km
Precast concrete (V) 150 km
Precast concrete (VI) 150 km
Precast concrete (VII) 150 km
Precast concrete (VIII) 150 km
Precast concrete (IX) 150 km
Precast concrete (X) 150 km
Precast concrete (XI) 150 km
Precast concrete (XII) 150 km
Precast concrete (XIII) 150 km
Precast concrete (XIV) 150 km
Precast concrete (XV) 150 km
Reinforcement steel bars - Australian 150 km
products
Reinforcement steel bars - imported Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
products
Reinforcement steel mesh - 150 km
Australian products
Reinforcement steel mesh - imported Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
products
Reo steel: low relaxation strand and 150 km
wire - Australian products
Reo steel: low relaxation strand and Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
wire - imported products
Structural steel, beams and columns 150 km
- Australian products
Structural steel, beams and columns Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
- imported products
Structural steel, hot rolled coil - 150 km
Australian products
Structural steel, hot rolled coil - Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
imported products
Structural steel, merchant bar - 150 km
Australian products
Structural steel, merchant bar - Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
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imported products
Structural steel, plate - Australian 150 km
products
Structural steel, plate - imported Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
products
Galvanised steel - Australian 150 km
products
Galvanised steel - imported products Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Steel rails - Australian products 50 km 100 km 2200 km
Steel rails - imported products Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Hot mix asphalt, 0% RAP (5.5% 50 km
bitumen)
Hot mix asphalt, 0-20% RAP 50 km
Hot mix asphalt, 20-40% RAP 50 km
Hot mix asphalt, 40-60% RAP 50 km
Hot mix asphalt, >60% RAP 50 km
Warm mix asphalt, 0% RAP (5.5% 50 km
bitumen)
Warm mix asphalt, 0-20% RAP 50 km
Warm mix asphalt, 20-40% RAP 50 km
Warm mix asphalt, 40-60% RAP 50 km
Warm mix asphalt, >60% RAP 50 km
Asphalt 50 km
Reinforced concrete pipes 150 km
Steel pipe and tube - Australian 150 km
products
Steel pipe and tube - imported Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
products
HDPE pipes 150 km
PVC pipes 150 km
Aluminium 100 km
Glass 100 km
Ceramics 100 km
Power cables, Copper conductors 1000 km
Power cables, Aluminium conductors 1000 km
Power cables, Other conductors 1000 km
Copper x x x x
HDPE x x x x
Timber, Structural (softwood) 150 km
Timber, Structural (hardwood) 150 km
Timber, MDF / Particleboard 150 km
Timber, Plywood 150 km

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Timber, Cross-Laminated Timber Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
(CLT)

Default transport scenarios

Imported
Material Rigid truck Articulated Train Ship
truck

Ready mixed concrete, 20MPa or less Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete, 25MPa Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete, 32MPa Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete, 40MPa Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete, 50MPa Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete, 60MPa Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete, 80MPa Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete, more than Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
80MPa
Portland cement x x x x
Fine aggregates x x x x
Coarse aggregates Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Recycled (coarse) aggregates Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ballast Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Sand Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Manufactured sand Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Recycled Crushed Glass Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Water (potable) x x x x
Concrete production process x x x x
Ready mixed concrete (I) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (II) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (III) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (IV) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (V) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (VI) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (VII) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (VIII) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (IX) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (X) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (XI) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (XII) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (XIII) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant

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Ready mixed concrete (XIV) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Ready mixed concrete (XV) Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Precast concrete, 32MPa 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete, 40MPa 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete, 50MPa 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete, 65MPa 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete, 80MPa 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (I) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (II) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (III) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (IV) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (V) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (VI) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (VII) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (VIII) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (IX) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (X) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (XI) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (XII) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (XIII) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (XIV) 150 km 8250 km
Precast concrete (XV) 150 km 8250 km
Reinforcement steel bars - Australian Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
products
Reinforcement steel bars - imported 150 km 8250 km
products
Reinforcement steel mesh - Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Australian products
Reinforcement steel mesh - imported 150 km 8250 km
products
Reo steel: low relaxation strand and Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
wire - Australian products
Reo steel: low relaxation strand and 150 km 8250 km
wire - imported products
Structural steel, beams and columns Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
- Australian products
Structural steel, beams and columns 150 km 8250 km
- imported products
Structural steel, hot rolled coil - Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Australian products
Structural steel, hot rolled coil - 150 km 8250 km
imported products
Structural steel, merchant bar - Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Australian products
Structural steel, merchant bar - 150 km 8250 km
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imported products
Structural steel, plate - Australian Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
products
Structural steel, plate - imported 150 km 8250 km
products
Galvanised steel - Australian Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
products
Galvanised steel - imported products 150 km 8250 km
Steel rails - Australian products Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Steel rails - imported products 150 km 8250 km
Hot mix asphalt, 0% RAP (5.5% Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
bitumen)
Hot mix asphalt, 0-20% RAP Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Hot mix asphalt, 20-40% RAP Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Hot mix asphalt, 40-60% RAP Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Hot mix asphalt, >60% RAP Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Warm mix asphalt, 0% RAP (5.5% Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
bitumen)
Warm mix asphalt, 0-20% RAP Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Warm mix asphalt, 20-40% RAP Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Warm mix asphalt, 40-60% RAP Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Warm mix asphalt, >60% RAP Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Asphalt Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
Reinforced concrete pipes 150 km 8250 km
Steel pipe and tube - Australian Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant
products
Steel pipe and tube - imported 150 km 8250 km
products
HDPE pipes 150 km 8250 km
PVC pipes 150 km 8250 km
Aluminium 150 km 8250 km
Glass 150 km 8250 km
Ceramics 150 km 8250 km
Power cables, Copper conductors 500 km 2500 km
Power cables, Aluminium conductors 500 km 2500 km
Power cables, Other conductors 500 km 2500 km
Copper x x x x
HDPE x x x x
Timber, Structural (softwood) 500 km 8250 km
Timber, Structural (hardwood) 500 km 8250 km
Timber, MDF / Particleboard 500 km 8250 km
Timber, Plywood 500 km 8250 km

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Timber, Cross-Laminated Timber 500 km 21500 km

(CLT)

Material Base case default

scenario

Ready mixed concrete, 20MPa or less domestic

Ready mixed concrete, 25MPa domestic
Ready mixed concrete, 32MPa domestic
Ready mixed concrete, 40MPa domestic
Ready mixed concrete, 50MPa domestic
Ready mixed concrete, 60MPa domestic
Ready mixed concrete, 80MPa domestic
Ready mixed concrete, more than 80MPa domestic
Portland cement
Fine aggregates
Coarse aggregates domestic
Recycled (coarse) aggregates domestic
Ballast domestic
Sand domestic
Manufactured sand domestic
Recycled Crushed Glass domestic
Water (potable)
Concrete production process
Ready mixed concrete (I) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (II) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (III) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (IV) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (V) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (VI) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (VII) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (VIII) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (IX) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (X) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (XI) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (XII) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (XIII) domestic
Ready mixed concrete (XIV) domestic

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Ready mixed concrete (XV) domestic

Precast concrete, 32MPa domestic
Precast concrete, 40MPa domestic
Precast concrete, 50MPa domestic
Precast concrete, 65MPa domestic
Precast concrete, 80MPa domestic
Precast concrete (I) domestic
Precast concrete (II) domestic
Precast concrete (III) domestic
Precast concrete (IV) domestic
Precast concrete (V) domestic
Precast concrete (VI) domestic
Precast concrete (VII) domestic
Precast concrete (VIII) domestic
Precast concrete (IX) domestic
Precast concrete (X) domestic
Precast concrete (XI) domestic
Precast concrete (XII) domestic
Precast concrete (XIII) domestic
Precast concrete (XIV) domestic
Precast concrete (XV) domestic
Reinforcement steel bars - Australian products domestic
Reinforcement steel bars - imported products imported
Reinforcement steel mesh - Australian products domestic
Reinforcement steel mesh - imported products imported
Reo steel: low relaxation strand and wire - Australian products domestic
Reo steel: low relaxation strand and wire - imported products imported
Structural steel, beams and columns - Australian products domestic
Structural steel, beams and columns - imported products imported
Structural steel, hot rolled coil - Australian products domestic
Structural steel, hot rolled coil - imported products imported
Structural steel, merchant bar - Australian products domestic
Structural steel, merchant bar - imported products imported
Structural steel, plate - Australian products domestic
Structural steel, plate - imported products imported
Galvanised steel - Australian products domestic
Galvanised steel - imported products imported
Steel rails - Australian products domestic
Steel rails - imported products imported
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Hot mix asphalt, 0% RAP (5.5% bitumen) domestic

Hot mix asphalt, 0-20% RAP domestic
Hot mix asphalt, 20-40% RAP domestic
Hot mix asphalt, 40-60% RAP domestic
Hot mix asphalt, >60% RAP domestic
Warm mix asphalt, 0% RAP (5.5% bitumen) domestic
Warm mix asphalt, 0-20% RAP domestic
Warm mix asphalt, 20-40% RAP domestic
Warm mix asphalt, 40-60% RAP domestic
Warm mix asphalt, >60% RAP domestic
Asphalt domestic
Reinforced concrete pipes domestic
Steel pipe and tube - Australian products domestic
Steel pipe and tube - imported products imported
HDPE pipes domestic
PVC pipes domestic
Aluminium imported
Glass imported
Ceramics domestic
Power cables, Copper conductors imported
Power cables, Aluminium conductors imported
Power cables, Other conductors imported
Copper
HDPE
Timber, Structural (softwood) domestic
Timber, Structural (hardwood) domestic
Timber, MDF / Particleboard domestic
Timber, Plywood domestic
Timber, Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) imported

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Appendix C: Default Material Mix Compositions

Ready Mixed Concrete: Default mix compositions (simplified)
3
Ingredients in kg/m
Characteristic Cement SCM’s (fly- Fine and Potable total mass
strength (MPa) ash, coarse Water (kg/m3)
GGBFS) aggregates
20MPa or less 250 0 2062 88 2400
25MPa 280 0 2022 98 2400
32MPa 330 0 1954 116 2400
40MPa 400 0 1860 140 2400
50MPa 450 0 1792 158 2400
60MPa 450 0 1792 158 2400
80MPa 550 0 1657 193 2400
more than 80MPa 650 0 1522 228 2400

Precast Concrete: Default mix compositions (simplified)

3
Ingredients in kg/m
Characteristic Cement SCM’s (fly- Fine and Potable total mass
strength (MPa) ash, coarse Water (kg/m3)
GGBFS) aggregates
32MPa 400 0 1860 140 2400
40MPa 400 0 1860 140 2400
50MPa 450 0 1792 158 2400
65MPa 550 0 1657 193 2400
80MPa 612 68 1506 214 2400

Asphalt: Default mix compositions

Ingredients in kg/tonne
Asphalt product Bitumen Fine Coarse Filler RAP
(both HMA & aggregates aggregates
WMA)
asphalt, 0% RAP 55 200 495 250 0
(5.5% bitumen)
asphalt, 0-20% 50 170 430 250 100
RAP
asphalt, 20-40% 40 150 310 200 300
RAP
asphalt, 40-60% 30 120 190 160 500
RAP
asphalt, >60% 20 100 80 100 700
RAP

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Appendix D: Maxbio Classification Maps – NSW

Extracted from TAGG 2013 Workbook, Attachment A
Maximum Potential Biomass Classes
Refer: http://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/documents/about/environment/greenhouse-gas-
assessment-workbook-road-projects.pdf

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Appendix E: Supporting information

A selection of supporting information is provided to address a number of CERT requirements
that might need further clarification.
Mitigation evidence requirements
While it is important to include evidence requirements as identified in Section 1.1.2, it is
important to note that mitigation evidence in particular, will be reviewed in greater detail i.e.
with more numerous spot checks as per above method. It is critical that all references to
mitigation evidence, as a minimum follow the following referencing protocol:

• document title;
• document version;
• issue date; and,
• page/section reference.

Table 2 below provides examples of acceptable mitigation evidence for the different emission
categories and sources.
Table 2 Example of acceptable mitigation evidence

Source Example evidence

Materials
User defined Portland cement content • Concrete mix design sheet
for ready mix concrete
Recycled/alternative material • Page of BOQ, or
• Supplier invoice, and
• Emission factor source
Change in material quantities (value • Meeting minutes from value engineering workshop
engineering)
Energy Use
Green Power • Copy of contract with electricity supplier
Reduction in diesel consumption for • Copy of idling procedure, and
mobile plant (e.g. via idling procedure) • Audit results from onsite idling checks
Waste
Waste reused on site (e.g. reuse • Photos of material in end use, and
ballast for road base) • Email from Construction Manager estimating volumes
of material reused

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Frequently Asked Questions

The following outlines a number of frequently asked questions (FAQ) that have been posed
during the tool’s development and pilot stages. They are designed to provide further context
and guidance to support completion of the tool.

Table 3 CERT frequently asked questions

Question Response
Interface with design
My project has more than one design Please use more than one copy of the CERT for
package, with design review/submission each major design package. TfNSW will accept
dates differing in terms of program. How multiple submission of the CERT for large projects
does the CERT facilitate this? with complex design packages. However the memo
(refer Appendix E) should collate the results to
represent one project.
Can’t I just “over design” at SDR to look No. The aim of the tool is not to compare the various
better at CDR and construction stage stages against each other, but to compare them
reporting? against the auto-generated base case.
Conservative/over designing at SDR stage to try and
achieve efficiencies later in the project will serve no
benefit as all emissions reductions are charted
against the respective base case.
What if the quantification is way off, There is always a risk that quantities are off. Until
quantification can be way out from reality? now, this was difficult to spot because of the variation
Is there a margin for error? Contingency? in reporting formats, scope, etc. With CERT, TfNSW
can compare materials use and greenhouse gas
emissions to other (similar) projects.
I can only change the Portland cement Recycled aggregates only have minor impacts on the
quantity to achieve reductions for ready mix carbon footprint of concrete. Therefore it was
and precast concrete. What about recycled determined that there is no need to distinguish these
aggregates etc? for the purposes of the CERT
So if I copy across SDR data to CDR and Yes, while improvements in managing design change
update the changes to CDR manually and optimisation in subsequent CERT versions may
efficiencies from SDR to CDR will be lost? be considered, currently if you choose this data input
option you will need to use the change in material
quantities calculator to demonstrate efficiencies and
reductions.
Base case generation
How is the base case generated? The base case is generated via:
i) Business as usual assumptions related to
transport scenarios and concrete Portland
cement content, and
ii) The mitigation measures identified by the
tool user
The base case is the estimated forecast or actual
emissions for the project without any user defined:
i) transport/concrete estimates and
ii) mitigation measures. (Refer Appendix B)

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My mitigation measure is not provided for in Each category (except land use change) allows for
the CERT. How can I include it? user defined mitigation measures. The tool user must
source the emission factor.
Compliance with other standards and requirements
How does the CERT relate to the National The CERT scope of emissions sources differs from
Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme that of NGERS e.g. it allows estimation of scope 3
(NGERS)? emissions. However, the energy use category has
been developed to allow data gathered for NGERS
reporting purposes to be easily transferred for CERT
reporting
Does the CERT align with commonly There are a number of Standards (e.g. WRI GHG
accepted standards for GHG assessment?? Protocol, ISO14040, ISO14067, PAS2050) that could
be applied, and all are slightly different. Although the
calculator uses key carbon accounting principles, it is
also a simplified reporting tool with limited scope.
There has been no formal assessment of consistency
with different Standards as yet.
Why aren’t Scope 3 emissions captured The tool was informed by a materiality assessment
more fully? that sought to identify significant emissions sources
for projects. Therefore only those emissions that are
of material impact have been included.
Will completing the CERT automatically No. I&S has worked in close collaboration with ISCA
meet the associated requirements under to align the CERT with the Infrastructure
the ISCA tool? Sustainability rating tool where possible, but the use
of the CERT does not automatically comply with the
IS requirements for energy and materials.
Notably, completing the CERT will meet ISCA’s
reporting requirements for Ene-1 emissions
associated with design, construction and operation.
Is the ISCA base-case and CERT base The CERT base-case may provide a basis for an
case the same? ISCA base case once combined with suitable
operation emissions and subject to verification
through ISCA.
Emissions factors change fairly regularly – I&S acknowledges that emission factors for both
how frequently will the tool be updated? electricity and materials are updated frequently. It is
anticipated that emission factors will be reviewed on
an annual basis and I&S will work closely with key
stakeholders to ensure this is an efficient process.

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Appendix F: CERT Overview and Context

TfNSW is committed to working in partnership to deliver innovative and sustainable transport
networks that make NSW a great place to live and work. As an organisation, TfNSW has a
demonstrated commitment to sustainability and aims to be a world class authority delivering
safe, reliable and integrated transport across the State.
As part of its broader sustainability commitment, greenhouse gas (GHG) or carbon
emissions, are viewed as a key sustainability issue for TfNSW and have been identified as
an appropriate metric for measuring sustainability performance. The measurement of GHG
emissions are central themes in the:

• TfNSW Environment and Sustainability Framework: the Department’s corporate

sustainability framework includes key themes around energy and resource
management that seek to reduce consumption and emissions.

• TfNSW Transport Projects’ Sustainability Framework: Infrastructure and

Services Division (I&S) confirms a GHG emissions reduction target of 15% (from a
2010 baseline) by 2020. It also identifies a need to reduce the absolute quantity of
Portland cement by at least 30% as an average across all concrete mixes subject to
meeting strength and durability requirements).

• TfNSW Sustainable Design Guidelines: The Sustainable Design Guidelines

(SDGs) support the preparation of a carbon footprint assessment for all projects,
and, reducing the use of Portland cement quantity.
It is important to note, the introduction of the CERT does not place an additional reporting
requirement on I&S’s stakeholders. Rather, it seeks to streamline and simplify the current
process associated with the assessment of project GHG emissions from design through to
construction. The introduction of the CERT will supersede the requirements within the current
TfNSW Greenhouse Gas Inventory for Construction Projects, and in future TfNSW’s
Standard Requirements – Environment (TSR-E) will be updated to require completion of the
CERT for all projects ≥ $15million.
A comprehensive engagement process has further informed development of the CERT. Key
stakeholders that were engaged throughout the process include (but are not restricted to):

• Sydney Trains

• Roads and Maritime Services (RMS)

• Transport Projects Delivery Office (I&S)

• Various tier 1 and 2 contractors

• Wickham Transport Interchange (WTI) project team

• Infrastructure Sustainability Council of Australia (ISCA)

A key component of developing the tool was testing and piloting the draft tool on the
Wickham Transport Interchange project to gain practical insight into its useability and
functionality. I&S has also worked closely with ISCA to seek alignment (where possible) with
relevant categories within the Infrastructure Sustainability (IS) rating tool e.g. Energy-1 (Ene-
1) and Materials-1 (Mat-1).

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 Carbon Estimate and Reporting Tool Manual
Planning and Environment Services
Project type: For all project types

Appendix F: Reporting Template

The following provides a reporting template of key project information generated using the
CERT. This information should be completed for each stage of the project and submitted to
I&S along with the completed CERT. It is designed to provide I&S with a quick reference of
high-level project results. It may also be used internally to communicate progress.

Reporting Area Response

Project Name

• SDR
Reporting stage covered by
• CDR
submission (delete as appropriate)
• Six-monthly construction reporting

Project GHG Reduction Target/s

Key materials mitigation

opportunities explored

Key energy mitigation opportunities

explored

Key waste mitigation opportunities

explores

Total forecast/actual emissions for

relevant reporting stage (tCO2e)

Total base case emissions for

relevant reporting stage (tCO2e)

Total emissions reduction identified

(tCO2e)

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