ITC121

Computer Programming 2

Operators
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Operators Overview

▰ Operators are symbols that tell the compiler to

perform operations on operands.
▰ Operators are used to manipulate variables and
values in a program.
▰ C# has a rich set of built-in operators like arithmetic
operators, relational operators, logical operators,
bitwise operators, and assignment operators.
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Arithmetic Operators
Assume variable A
holds 10 and
variable B holds
20 then:

ITC121-Computer Programming 2 1
 Arithmetic (cont…)

▰ The five most commonly used binary arithmetic operators

Integer Division
 Integer division truncates
 Floating point division produces floating point
numbers 10 / 2 = 5
9/2=4
99 / 100 = 0
10.0 / 2.0 = 5.0
99.0 / 100.0 = 0.99
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Mixing Integer and Floating

• When you perform an operation where one operand is an
integer and the other operand is a floating point the result
is a floating point
• The integer is converted to a floating point before the
operation
99 / 100 = 0
99 / 100.0 = 0.99
99.0 / 100 = 0.99
1 + 2 * 3 / 4.0 – 5 = -2.5
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ITC121-Computer Programming 2 2
 Relational Operators
Assume variable A
holds 10 and
variable B holds
20 then:

Relational (cont…)

Assume variable A
holds 10 and
variable B holds
20 then:

Relational (cont…)
▰ Boolean logic is based on true or false comparisons
▰ Boolean variables can hold only one of two values: true or false
▰ You can assign values based on the result of comparisons to Boolean variables

ITC121-Computer Programming 2 3
 Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to perform operations based on
simultaneous evaluation of multiple expressions.
▰ && - AND
▰ || - OR
Ex: && - AND
▰ if(a==b && b!=c)
if a is equal to b and b is not equal to c: this condition will evaluate to true
[if and only if (a==b) is true and (b!=c) is true]
Ex: || - OR
▰ if(a==b || b!=c)
if a is equal to b or b is not equal to c - this condition will evaluate to true
[if either of (a==b) is true or (b!=c) is true]
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Logical (cont…)

Assume variable A
holds Boolean
value true and
variable B holds
Boolean value
false, then:

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Bitwise Operators
Assume variable
A holds 60 and
variable B holds
13, then:

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ITC121-Computer Programming 2 4
 Bitwise (cont…)

Assume variable
A holds 60 and
variable B holds
13, then:

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Assignment Operators

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Assignment (cont…)

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ITC121-Computer Programming 2 5
 Assignment (cont…)

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Assignment (cont…)

▰ Example:

OPERATOR INITIAL VALUE EXAMPLE RESULT

+= int sum = 10; sum += 30; sum = 40
-= int year = 2019; year -= 1985; year = 34
*= int salary = 22938; salary *= 12; salary = 275256
/= int income = 15000 income /= 30 income = 500
%= int number = 45; number %= 10 number = 5
++ int counter = 10; counter++ counter =11
-- int x = 30; x-- x = 29

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Operators Precedence
Category Operators
Postfix ()[]
Positive value of: +
Negative value of: -
Not: !
Unary
Bitwise complement: ~
Pre-increment: ++x
Post-decrement: x--
Multiply: *
Multiplicative Divide: /
Division remainder: %
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ITC121-Computer Programming 2 6
 Operators Precedence
Category Operators
Add: +
Additive
Subtract: -
Shift bits left: <<
Shift
Shift bits right: >>
Less than: <
Greater than: >
Less than or equal to: <=
Relational
Greater than or equal to: >=
Type equality/compatibility: is
Type conversion: as

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Operators Precedence
Category Operators
Equals: ==
Equality
Not equals: !=
Bitwise AND &
Bitwise XOR ^
Bitwise OR |
Logical AND &&
Logical OR ||

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Operators Precedence
Category Operators
Ternary conditional ?:

Assignment =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=,

&=, ^=, |=

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ITC121-Computer Programming 2 7
 Operator Precedence Rules

Highest precedence rule to lowest precedence rule:

 Parenthesis are always respected
 Exponentiation (raise to a power) Parenthesis
Power
 Multiplication, Division, and Remainder Multiplication
Addition
 Addition and Subtraction
Left to Right
 Left to right

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Precedence

PEMDAS:
 Unary: +, - high
 Multiplicative: *, /, %
 Additive: +, -
 Relational operators
 Shortcut: +=, -=, *=, /=, %= low

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Precedence (cont…)

x = 1 + 2 *3 / 4 % 5
x=2

Parenthesis
Power
Multiplication
Addition
Left to Right

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ITC121-Computer Programming 2 8
 Precedence (cont…)
1+2*3/4%5
x = 1 + 2 *3 / 4 % 5
x=2

Parenthesis
Power
Multiplication
Addition
Left to Right

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Precedence (cont…)
1+2*3/4%5
x = 1 + 2 *3 / 4 % 5
x=2 1+6/4%5

Parenthesis
Power
Multiplication
Addition
Left to Right

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Precedence (cont…)
1+2*3/4%5
x = 1 + 2 *3 / 4 % 5
x=2 1+6/4%5

1+1%5
Parenthesis
Power
Multiplication
Addition
Left to Right

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ITC121-Computer Programming 2 9
 Precedence (cont…)
1+2*3/4%5
x = 1 + 2 *3 / 4 % 5
x=2 1+6/4%5

1+1%5
Parenthesis
Power
Multiplication 1+1
Addition
Left to Right

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Precedence (cont…)
1+2*3/4%5
x = 1 + 2 *3 / 4 % 5
x=2 1+6/4%5

1+1%5
Parenthesis
Power
Multiplication 1+1
Addition
Left to Right 2
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Exercises
▰ What are the values of the following expressions?
▻ 10/3
▻ 5.2/2.0
9%3
▻
▰ What is the order of the following expression?

▻ X = 2 * 5 / 3+ 3 * 5 + 7
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ITC121-Computer Programming 2 10
 THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at
[email protected]

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Learning Activities 1

Find the values or results of the following expressions. Assume that the variable X = 55 and the
variable Y = 12:
1. X&Y
2. X|Y
3. X^Y
4. X << 2
5. X << 3
6. Y >> 2
7. Y >> 3
8. Y << 3;

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Learning Activities 2

Find the value of ANS. Assume that xInt = 8, yInt= 5, zInt = 3, ANS=6
1. ANS = xInt + zInt * yInt;
2. ANS = xInt - zInt * yInt % 3;
3. ANS -= zInt + yInt / xInt % 5;
4. ANS += yInt - zInt * xInt % 4;
5. ANS *= xInt / zInt * (yInt % 3);
6. ANS %= yInt / zInt * (xInt % 7);
7. ANS += xInt / zInt * yInt % 5;
8. ANS -= yInt / zInt + xInt % 5;
9. ANS /= xInt / zInt + (yInt % 6);
10. ANS *= xInt + zInt * yInt % 8;
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ITC121-Computer Programming 2 11