CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly

Assignment Set 2
[Date of Submission: 18th June, 2012]

Professor Dr. Saibal Ganguly

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
May 2012

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 CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
(1) Convert the following quantities to the ones designated :
(a) 42 ft2/hr to cm2/s. (b) 25 psig to psia. (c) 100 Btu to hp-hr.

(2) Convert the ideal gas constant : R = 1.987 cal /(gmol)(K) to Btu/ (lb mol)(°R)

(3) Mass flow through a sonic nozzle is a function of gas pressure and temperature. For a given
pressure p and temperature T, mass flow rate through the nozzle is given by
m = 0.0549 p /(T)0.5 where m is in lb/min, p is in psia and T is in °R
(a) Determine what the units for the constant 0.0549 are.
(b) What will be the new value of the constant, now given as 0.0549, if the variables in
the equation are to be substituted with SI units and m is calculated in SI units.

(4) Phosphoric acid is a colorless deliquescent acid used in the manufacture of fertilizers and as a
flavoring agent in drinks. For a given 10 wt % phosphoric acid solution of specific gravity 1.10
determine:
(a) the mol fraction composition of this mixture.
(b) the volume (in gallons) of this solution which would contain 1 g mol H3PO4.

(5) The density of a liquid is 1500 kg/m3 at 20 °C.

(a) What is the specific gravity 20°C/4°C of this material.
(b) What volume (ft3) does 140 lbm of this material occupy at 20°C.

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 CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
(6) If 1 L of ethyl alcohol is mixed with l L of water, how many kilograms of solution result?
How many liters?

(7) A liquified mixture of n-butane, n-pentane and n-hexane has the following composition in
percent.
n - C4H10 50%; n - C5H12 30%; n - C6H14 20%
Calculate the weight fraction, mol fraction and mol percent of each component and also the
average molecular weight of the mixture.

(8)A solution composed of 50% ethanol (EtOH), 10% methanol (MeOH), and 40% water (H2O) is fed
at the rate of 100 kg/hr into a separator that produces one stream at the rate of 60 kg/hr with the
composition of 80% EtOH, 15% MeOH, and 5% H2O, and a second stream of unknown
composition. Calculate the composition (in %) of the three compounds in the unknown stream and
its flowrate in kg/hr.

(9)A continuous still is to be used to separate acetic acid, water, and benzene from each other.
On a trial run, the calculated data were as shown in the figure. Data recording the benzene
composition of the feed were not taken because of an instrument defect. The problem is to
calculate the benzene flow in the feed per hour. How many independent material balance
equations can be formulated for this problem? How many variables whose values are unknown
exist in the problem?

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 CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly

Feed F waste product W

Benzene B: instrument error Benzene B: 67.4%
Acetic acid HAc 80% ( B free basis) Acetic acid HAc 10.9%
Water H20 20% ( B free basis) Water H20 21.7%

Product P 350 kg/h HAc

(9)A liquid adhesive, which is used to make laminated boards, consists of a polymer dissolved in a
solvent. The amount of polymer in the solution has to be carefully controlled for this application.
When the supplier of the adhesive receives an order for 3000 kg of an adhesive solution
containing 13 wt % polymer, all it has on hand is (1) 500 kg of a 10 wt % solution, (2) a very large
quantity of a 20 wt % solution, and (3) pure solvent.
Calculate the weight of each of the three stocks that must be blended together to fill the order.
Use all of the 10 wt % solution.

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 CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
(10)You are asked to measure the rate at which waste gases are being discharged from a stack.
The gases entering contain 2.1 % carbon dioxide. Pure carbon dioxide is introduced into the
bottom of the stack at a measured rate of 4.0 lb per minute. You measure the discharge of gases
leaving the stack, and find the concentration of carbon dioxide is 3.2 %. Calculate the rate of
flow, in lb mol/minute, of the entering waste gases.

(11) A crystallizer contains 6420 lb of aqueous solution of anhydrous sodium sulfate concentration
29.6 wt %) at 104 °C. The solution is cooled to 20 °C to crystallize out the desired Na2SO4. 10H2O.
The remaining solution ( the mother liquor) is found to contain 16.1 % anhydrous sodium sulfate.
What is the weight of this mother liquor.

(12) A contact sulfuric acid plant produces 98.0 % sulfuric acid, by absorbing SO3 into a
97.3%sulfuric acid solution. A gas containing 8.00 % SO3 (remainder inerts) enters the SO3
absorption tower at the rate of 28 lb mol per hour. 98.5 % of the SO3 is absorbed in this tower.
97.3 % sulfuric acid is introduced into the top of the tower and 95.9 % sulfuric acid from another
part of the process is used as make - up acid. The flow sheet is given in the figure with all of the
known data on it.
Calculate the
a. Tons/day of 95.9 % H2SO4 make-up acid solution required.
b. Tons/day of 97.3 % H2SO4 solution introduced into the top of the tower.
c. Tons/day of 98 % H2SO4 solution produced.

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 CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
(13) 1000 kg/hr of mixture containing equal parts by mass of methanol and water is distilled.
Product streams leave the top and the bottom of the distillation column. The flow rate of the
bottom stream is measured and found to be 673 kg/hr and the overhead stream is analyzed and
found to contain 96.0 wt% methanol.
a. Draw and label a flowchart of the process and do the degree of freedom analysis.
b. Calculate the mass and mole fractions of methanol and the molar flow rates of methanol
and water in the bottom product stream.
c. Suppose the bottom product stream is analyzed and the mole fraction of methanol is found
to be significantly higher than the value calculated in part (b), list as many possible reasons
for the discrepancy as you can think of.

(14) A liquid mixture containing 30.0 mole% benzene (B), 25.0% toluene (T) and the balance
xylene (X) is fed to a distillation column. The bottoms product containing 98.0 mole% X and no B,
and 96.0% of the X in the feed is recovered in this stream. The overhead product is fed to a
second column. The overhead product from the second column contains 97.0 % of the B in the
feed to this column. The composition of this stream is 94.0 mole% of B and the balance T.
(a) Draw and label flowchart. Do the degree-of-freedom analysis to prove that for an assumed
basis of calculation, molar flowrate and compositions of all process streams can be calculated
from the given information.
(b) calculate (i) the percentage of the benzene in the process feed (the feed to the first column)
that emerges in the overhead product from the second column and (ii) the percentage of toluene
in the process feed that emerges in the bottom product from the second column.

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 CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
(15) A triple effect evaporator is designed to reduce water from an incoming brine (NaCl + H2O)
stream from 75 wt % to 3 wt %. If the evaporator unit is to produce 14,670 lb/hr of NaCl (along
with 3 wt % H2O), determine:
(a) the feed rate of brine in lb/hr.
(b) the water removed from the brine in each evaporator.
V1 (water) V2 (water) V3 (water)

Brine feed

NaCl 25%
Water 75%

NaCl 33% NaCl 50% NaCl 97%

Water 67% Water 50% Water 3%

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 CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
(18) Many chemicals generate emissions of volatile compounds that need to be controlled. In the
process shown in the accompanying figure, the CO in the exhaust is substantially reduced by
separating it from the reactor effluent and recycling the unreacted CO together with the reactant.
Although the product is proprietary, information is provided that the fresh feed stream contains 40
% reactant, 50 % inert and 10 % CO, and that on reaction 2 moles of reactant yield 2.5 moles of
product. Conversion of the reactant to product is 73 % on one pass through the reactor, and 90 %
for the over all process. The recycle stream contains 80% CO and 20% reactant. Calculate the
ratio of moles of the recycle stream to moles of the product stream.

(19) Perchloric acid (HClO4) can be prepared as shown in the diagram below from Ba(ClO4)2 and
HClO4. Sulfuric acid is supplied in 20% excess to react with Ba(ClO4)2. If 17,400 lb HClO4 leave
the separator and the recycle is 6125 lb Ba(ClO4)2 over the time period, calculate :
a. The overall conversion of Ba(ClO4)2.
b. The lb of HClO4 leaving the separator per lb of feed.
c. The lb of H2SO4 entering the reactor.
d. The per pass conversion of Ba(ClO4)2.
Note : 20 % H2SO4 is based on the total Ba(ClO4)2 entering the reactor.
Ba(ClO4)2 + H2SO4 ------> BaSO4 + 2HClO4
MW: Ba(ClO4)2 336; BaSO4 233; H2SO4 98; HClO4 100.5

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 CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly

End of Assignment 2

THANK YOU

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