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Assignment 7

The document is an assignment from the Department of Mathematics at IIT Madras, focusing on differential equations. It includes six exercises that involve solving various heat distribution problems in rods under different boundary conditions. Each exercise provides specific initial and boundary conditions along with the corresponding solutions.

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Anchal Debnath ee21b017
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2 views

Assignment 7

The document is an assignment from the Department of Mathematics at IIT Madras, focusing on differential equations. It includes six exercises that involve solving various heat distribution problems in rods under different boundary conditions. Each exercise provides specific initial and boundary conditions along with the corresponding solutions.

Uploaded by

Anchal Debnath ee21b017
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematics, IIT Madras

MA2020, Differential Equations


Assignment-7
Exercises for Section 6.4

1. Solve 𝑢𝑡 = 𝑐 2𝑢𝑥𝑥 for 0 < 𝑥 < ℓ, 𝑡 > 0; 𝑢𝑥 (0, 𝑡) = 0 for 𝑡 ≥ 0; 𝑢 (ℓ, 𝑡) = 0 for 𝑡 ≥ 0; and
𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 𝑥 for 0 < 𝑥 < ℓ.
∞ h 𝑐 2 (2𝑛 − 1)𝜋 2𝑡 i
∑︁ (2𝑛 − 1)𝜋𝑥
Ans: 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑏𝑛 cos exp − , where
𝑛=1
2ℓ 4ℓ 2
8ℓ 4ℓ (−1)𝑛
𝑏𝑛 = − − for 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, . . .
(2𝑛 − 1) 2 𝜋 2 (2𝑛 − 1)𝜋
2. A homogeneous rod of conducting material of length 100 units has its ends kept at 0
temperature, and initially, the temperature at any 𝑥 is given by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 50,
and 𝑓 (𝑥) = 100 − 𝑥 for 50 < 𝑥 ≤ 100. Find the temperature at each 𝑥 and each 𝑡.
∞ h 𝑛 2 𝜋 2𝑐 2𝑡 i
∑︁ 400 𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋𝑥
Ans: 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = sin sin exp − .
𝑛=1
𝑛2𝜋 2 2 100 10000
3. A metal bar of length ℓ has its ends at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = ℓ insulated. Initially the bar is
at temperature 6 + 4 cos(3𝜋𝑥/ℓ) for 0 < 𝑥 < ℓ. Assuming that the surface of the bar is
insulated, find the temperature at each point of the bar at time 𝑡.
3𝜋𝑥  𝑛 2 𝜋 2𝑐 2𝑡 
Ans: 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 6 + 4 cos exp − .
ℓ ℓ2
4. Solve 𝑢𝑡 = 𝑢𝑥𝑥 for 0 < 𝑥 < 10, 𝑡 > 0; 𝑢 (0, 𝑡) = 90 for 𝑡 ≥ 0; 𝑢 (10, 𝑡) = 60 for 𝑡 ≥ 0; and
𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 5𝑥 + 50 for 0 < 𝑥 < 10.
Hint: Try 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = −3𝑥 + 90 + 𝑣 (𝑥, 𝑡). Find the equations for 𝑣 (𝑥, 𝑡).
∞  𝑛 2 𝜋 2𝑐 2𝑡 
∑︁ 80[(−1)𝑛+1 − 1] 𝑛𝜋𝑥
Ans: 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = −3𝑥 + 90 + exp − sin .
𝑛=1
𝑛𝜋 100 10
5. The ends 𝐴 and 𝐵 of a rod of 20 units long are maintained at 30◦ C and 80◦ C, respectively
until steady state prevails. The temperatures at the ends are then suddenly changed to
40◦ C and 60◦ C, respectively. Find the temperature distribution on the rod at time 𝑡.
Hint: Try 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑥 + 40 + 𝑣 (𝑥, 𝑡). Find equations for 𝑣 (𝑥, 𝑡).
∞  𝑛 2 𝜋 2𝑐 2𝑡 
∑︁ 20  𝑛+1
 𝑛𝜋𝑥
Ans: 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑥 + 40 + 2(−1) − 1 sin exp − .
𝑛=1
𝑛𝜋 20 400
6. The temperature at one end of a bar of 50 units long is kept at 0◦ C and the other end is
kept at 100◦ C until steady state prevails. The two ends are then suddenly insulated. Find
the temperature distribution in the rod at time 𝑡.
∞  𝑛 2 𝜋 2𝑐 2𝑡 
∑︁ 4ℓ   𝑛𝜋𝑥
Ans: 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = ℓ + 2𝜋 2
cos(𝑛𝜋) − 1 cos exp − 2
.
𝑛=1
𝑛 ℓ ℓ

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