For each scenario, identify the unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR),

conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR).

1. Every time Cassie receives a call or text from her boyfriend Jacob, her phone plays a special song.
She feels happy hearing from him. After a while, Cassie starts feeling happy every time she hears that song,
even if it’s not her phone playing it.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Call or text from Special song on Feeling happy

Feeling happy the phone when hearing the
Jacob
(about text) song

2. Jonas plays a zombie video game where zombies appear and attack at random times. Initially, Jonas is
startled every time zombies appear. Over time, the music that plays right before the zombies appear starts
making him feel anxious.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Zombies Feeling anxious

Feeling startled/ Music that plays
appearing and when hearing the
anxious right before the
attacking music
zombies appear

3. Mia listens to one of her favorite songs to calm down after practice. Recently, she has been falling asleep
to this song after practice. Now, whenever Mia hears that song, she feels sleepy, even if she is not tired.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Falling asleep Feeling sleepy Favorite song Feeling sleepy

after practice when hearing the
song
4. Erin plays a mobile game with daily challenges. She feels a rush of excitement every time she completes
all the challenges and receives an in-game currency reward. Now, just opening the game and seeing the
challenge list excites her.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Completing Opening the

Feeling excited Feeling excited
challenges and game and seeing
(about completing when seeing the
receiving in- the challenge list
challenges) challenge list
game rewards

5. Every two weeks, James receives a paycheck from his part-time job at McDonald's. The sight of the
paycheck envelope used to make him feel relieved about having money. Now, even seeing similar
envelopes makes him feel relieved.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Sight of the Feeling relieved

paycheck Feeling relieved Sight of similar when seeing
envelope (about having paycheck similar envelopes
money) envelopes

6. When Timmy checks his phone for a text from his crush and sees one, he feels a burst of happiness.
Now, just hearing the text notification sound makes him feel excited, regardless of who the message is
from.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Seeing a text Feeling excited

Burst of happiness Hearing the text
from his crush when hearing the
(upon seeing a text noti cation
noti cation
from crush) sound
sound

7. Sophia's dog gets very excited when going on walks. The leash makes a jingling noise when Sophia grabs
it. Because Sophia only puts on the dog's leash when they go on walks, her dog now gets excited just from
hearing the leash jingle.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Going on walks Feeling excited Feeling excited

Hearing the leash when hearing the
(about walks) jingle leash jingle
8. Whenever Alya has to speak in public during a debate, she can see her friend Jaiden in the crowd giving
her a big smile. This makes her less nervous. Now, seeing anyone wearing Jaiden's signature pink and white
letterman jacket makes her feel more confident.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Seeing her friend Feeling less Seeing anyone Feeling more

Jaiden smile nervous/more wearing Jaiden's con dent when
during debates con dent pink and white seeing the jacket
letterman jacket

9. Joey got food poisoning once from eating a bad sandwich at school. He felt nauseous and vomited. Now,
just smelling a similar sandwich makes him feel nauseous.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Feeling nauseous
Eating a bad Feeling nauseous Smelling a similar
when smelling a
sandwich and vomiting sandwich
similar sandwich

10. Every time Jeremy puts his car in reverse, it beeps if the trunk is open. The first few times, he ignored
the beep and had to go back and close the trunk after the continuous annoying sound. Now, hearing that
specific beep makes him check his trunk immediately.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Annoyance/ Beeping sound Checking the trunk

The open trunk
having to close immediately when
the trunk hearing the beep

11. Olivia has a lamp that flickers just before it goes out. The first few times it flickered, it startled her.
Now, whenever Olivia sees a flickering light, she feels a sense of anxiety.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Feeling startled Seeing any

Lamp ickering ickering light Feeling anxious
before going out when seeing a
ickering light
12. Whenever Max's favorite team scores a goal, the crowd erupts into cheers. Over time, just hearing the
cheer of a crowd makes him feel thrilled, even if it's not related to a game.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Team scoring a Sound of the Feeling thrilled

Feeling thrilled crowd cheering from hearing the
goal
crowd

13. Grace's little brother cries loudly when he's hungry. The sound initially made her stressed. Now,
hearing any baby cry makes her feel stressed.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Brother’s loud Feeling stressed Sound of any Feeling stressed

crying baby crying

14. Liam's mom cooks spaghetti every time they have guests over. The smell of spaghetti now makes Liam
feel excited as he anticipates meeting guests.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Guests coming Feeling excited Smell of Feeling excited

over spaghetti

15. Every time Zara completes a session at the gym, she relaxes in the sauna. Now, just entering the gym
makes her feel relaxed.

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

(UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR)

Relaxing in the Entering the gym

Feeling relaxed Feeling relaxed
sauna