Module-1-Lesson-3-Science-Technology-and-Nation-Building

Module 1:
General Concepts and STS Historical Developments
Lesson 3:
Science, Technology, and Nation-Building
Prepared by: Mr. Joey Estorosos

Definition of Nation
• At one time, the definition of a nation was considered to be a

collection of people who shared similar history, traditions, and
culture, along with ethnicity, often religion, and almost always
language.
• As a result of modern technologies, the word nation has come to

mean a land with a single government for everyone. In addition,
this leads to the term Nation Building being mentioned.
Definition of Nation Building
• Nation-building is the process by which a society of people from

various origins, histories, languages, cultures, and faiths join
together inside the limits of the state and establish or structure a
national identity utilizing the authority of the state.
• However, it also entails the construction of sewer systems, roads,

and employment. Perhaps most importantly, it refers to the
advancement of education. Civil society must be allowed to
participate in nation building, and democratic governmental
institutions that promote welfare must be developed.
Historical Background of Science, Technology and Nation Building
in the Philippines
• The archipelago's early inhabitants had their own culture and

traditions.
• Indigenous knowledge and one's own belief system.
• For many years, it has kept them organized and sustained their
lives and communities.
Pre-Spanish Philippines
https://filipiknow.net/life-in-pre-colonial-philippines/
Women enjoyed equal status

with men.
Had smoother foreign relations.

The literacy rate was high.

Science and Technology
• Medicinal plants and therapeutic characteristics, as well as

methods of extracting medicine from herbs were present.
• Had an alphabet, number system, a weighing and measuring

system and a calendar.
• Already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving.
• Seasons and climates prediction by interpreting the movements of

heavenly bodies.
• The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated products of

engineering by pre-Spanish era Filipinos
Spanish Era
• Brought their own culture and customs with them.
• Schools were established, and subjects and disciplines were

introduced.
• Understanding different concepts related to the human body, plants,

animals, and bodies is the subject of scientific learning in school.
• The usage and development of domestic tools is the focus of

technology.
Life during the Spanish Era
• It was modernized.
• Filipinos used indigenous resources to reproduce technologies

provided by the Spaniards.
• In formal colleges and universities, medicine and advanced science

were introduced.
• The Galleon Trade, making Manila as one of the world's great ports,
serving as a focus for trade between China and Europe.
• Superstitious beliefs, as well as Catholic doctrines and practices,

slowed down scientific progress in the country.
American Period
• Focused more in the development of Science and Technology.
• Introduced the public education system. Science education in

primary school focuses on natural science and sanitation.
• Filipinos were taught the importance of cleanliness, appropriate

hygiene, and healthy habits as part of their daily life which led to the
construction of hospitals, clinics, and health centers in the community.
• Mineral resources were explored and mined.
• Filipinos learned American music, values, and the lives of American

heroes and great men, but not about Filipino valor.
Then,
World War II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945) http://www.positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/the-battle-of-manila-wwii
Aftermath of World War II
• By the end of the war, the Philippines had experienced a huge deal of
death and physical destruction.
• The country struggled to reconstruct itself after the war's devastation.
• The Philippines gained independence on July 4, 1946, from the

United States of America.. But was shifted by President Macapagal
on May 12, 1962 declaring June 12 as the Independence Day in
accordance to Emilio Aguinaldo's declaration of independence from
Spain in 1898.
• The US continued to control the country after independence through

the Central Intelligence Agency; the US imperialism’s clandestine
apparatus in the Philippines.
Philippine’s New Republic
• Science Act of 1958 was enacted to integrate, coordinate, and

intensify Scientific and Technological research and development and
to foster invention including allocation of funds and other purposes.
• Established the Philippine Science High School in 1964, a

research-oriented and specialized public high school system in the
country.
• Marcos Administration - amended 1973 Constitution, where the

state shall promote scientific research and invention. Establishment
of PAG-ASA – to utilize scientific knowledge to ensure public safety.
Philippine’s New Republic (continues)
• Aquino Administration - she replaced the National Science and
Technology Authority to Department of Science and Technology
(DOST), giving the science and technology a seat in the government
cabinet.
• Ramos Administration – signed Republic Act No. 8439 in 1997 which

is entitled “Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel”. Its
purpose is to give incentives and rewards to people who made an
impact and was influential in the field of Science and Technology.
• While during President Joseph Estrada’s term, the Internet age was
pushed for the advancement of schools and industry. Then it was under
the term of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo when science and technology
reached its golden age.
Government Policies on Science and Technology
• In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the government, particularly

the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), has enlisted the
help of the National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) to
consult many sectors of society on how the Philippines may best
prepare for the ASEAN 2015 Goals.
• The NRCP grouped these policies into four categories:

1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies
and Governance
2. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space
Sciences, and Mathematics.
3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
References
https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alesina/files/nation_building_feb_2015_0.pdf
https://phlconnect.ched.gov.ph/admin/uploads/da4902cb0bc38210839714ebdcf0efc3/01-
Readings-4.pdf
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-amended-1973-constitution-2/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)
https://www.philippine-history.org/galleon trade.htm
https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/visayan-culture-a2212-20200303-lfrm2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Philippines
https://www.philippine-history.org/philippines-5th-republic.htm
https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1945041200
https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/586
Prepared by: Mr. Joey Estorosos

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Module 1:

General Concepts and STS Historical Developments

Prepared by: Mr. Joey Estorosos

• At one time, the definition of a nation was considered to be a

• As a result of modern technologies, the word nation has come to

• Nation-building is the process by which a society of people from

• However, it also entails the construction of sewer systems, roads,

• The archipelago's early inhabitants had their own culture and

• Indigenous knowledge and one's own belief system.

Women enjoyed equal status

Had smoother foreign relations.

The literacy rate was high.

• Medicinal plants and therapeutic characteristics, as well as

• Had an alphabet, number system, a weighing and measuring

• Already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving.

• Seasons and climates prediction by interpreting the movements of

• The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated products of

• Brought their own culture and customs with them.

• Schools were established, and subjects and disciplines were

• Understanding different concepts related to the human body, plants,

• The usage and development of domestic tools is the focus of

• Filipinos used indigenous resources to reproduce technologies

• In formal colleges and universities, medicine and advanced science

• Superstitious beliefs, as well as Catholic doctrines and practices,

• Focused more in the development of Science and Technology.

• Introduced the public education system. Science education in

• Filipinos were taught the importance of cleanliness, appropriate

• Mineral resources were explored and mined.

• Filipinos learned American music, values, and the lives of American

• The country struggled to reconstruct itself after the war's devastation.

• The Philippines gained independence on July 4, 1946, from the

• The US continued to control the country after independence through

• Science Act of 1958 was enacted to integrate, coordinate, and

• Established the Philippine Science High School in 1964, a

• Marcos Administration - amended 1973 Constitution, where the

• Ramos Administration – signed Republic Act No. 8439 in 1997 which

• In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the government, particularly

• The NRCP grouped these policies into four categories:

Prepared by: Mr. Joey Estorosos

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