Bakil, Jamra P.

Fish Population Dynamics

BSFAS-3B February 7, 2025

 Instantaneous rate
1. Exponential Growth Rate (increase)

 Nt =Population at time t
 N0 = Initial population
 e = Euler's number (approximately 2.71828)
 r = Growth rate
 t = Time

Problem: A lake initially stocked with 2000 Rainbow Trout sees a population
increase of 8% annually. How many Trout will be in the lake after 5 years?

o Solution: N5 = 2000 * e^(0.08 * 5)

 = 2000 * e^0.4 ≈ 2984 Trout.

Problem: A reef starts with 1000 Clownfish. If the population increases by 12% each
year, how many Clownfish will there be after 4 years?

o Solution: N4 = 1000 * e^(0.12 * 4)

 = 1000 * e^0.48 ≈ 1616 Clownfish.

Problem: A fish farm starts with 2000 Catfish and grows at a rate of 9% per year.
How many will there be after 5 years?

o Solution: N5 = 2000 * e^(0.09 * 5)

 = 2000 * e^0.45 ≈ 3136 Catfish.

Problem: If a population of Red Snapper in a protected area is growing at a rate of

11% per year, and there are currently 1200 Snapper, how many will be in the area
after 2 years?

o Solution: N2 = 1200 * e^(0.11 * 2)

 = 1200 * e^0.22 ≈ 1495 Snapper.

Problem: A fish farm starts with 500 Tilapia. The population grows at a rate of 15%
per year. How many Tilapia will there be after 3 years?

o Solution: N3 = 500 * e^(0.15 * 3)

 = 500 * e^0.45 ≈ 784 Tilapia.

Problem: A marine reserve starts with 3,000 tuna. The population increases by 10%
per year due to conservation efforts. How many tuna will there be after 5 years?
 o Solution: N5 = 3000 * e^(0.10 * 5)
 = 3000 * e^0.5 ≈ 4946 tuna.

Problem: A coral reef has 8,000 fish of various species. Due to favorable conditions,
the population increases by 7% per year. How many fish will be in the reef after 6
years?

o Solution: N6 = 8000 * e^(0.07 * 6)

 = 8000 * e^0.42 ≈ 12176

Problem: A river has 1,500 salmon. Due to improved breeding conditions, the
population increases by 12% per year. How many salmon will there be after 4 years?

o Solution: N4 = 1500 * e^(0.12 * 4)

 = 1500 * e^0.48 ≈ 2424 Salmon.

Problem:A fish farmer starts with 2,000 tilapia in a controlled pond. The fish
population increases by 9% per year due to an optimal feeding program. How many
tilapia will there be after 3 years?

o Solution: N3 = 2000 * e^(0.09 * 3)

 = 2000 * e^0.27 ≈ 2620 Tilapia.

Problem: A group of marine researchers is studying sardines in a coastal region.

Initially, there are 5,000 sardines. The population increases by 5% per year due to
conservation efforts. How many sardines will there be after 10 years?

o Solution: N10 = 5000 * e^(0.05 * 10)

 = 5000 * e^0.5 ≈ 8244 Sardines.

2. Exponential Decay Rate (decrease)

Formula Nt = N0 e(-rt)
Where as;

 Nt =Population at time t
 N0 = Initial population
 e = Euler's number (approximately 2.71828)
 r = Decay rate
 t = Time

Problem: A tuna population starts at 5,000. Due to overfishing, it declines at a rate of

8% per year. How many will remain after 6 years?

o Solution: N6 = 5000 * e^-(0.08 * 6)

 = 5000 * e^-0.48 ≈ 3094 Tuna.
Problem: A river has 2,500 salmon. The population decreases by 10% per year due to
dam construction. How many salmon will remain after 5 years?

o Solution: N5 = 2500 * e^-(0.10 * 5)

 = 2500 * e^-0.5 ≈ 1516 Salmon.

Problem: A pond starts with 4,000 tilapia. Due to pollution, their population declines
by 6% per year. How many remain after 7 years?

o Solution: N7 = 4000 * e^-(0.06 * 7)

 = 4000 * e^-0.42 ≈ 2628 Tilapia.

Problem: A sardine population of 10,000 declines at 12% per year. How many
sardines remain after 4 years?

o Solution: N4 = 10000 * e^-(0.12 * 4)

 = 10000 * e^-0.48 ≈ 6570 Sardine.

Problem: A cod population starts at 15,000 and decreases at 9% per year. How many
remain after 8 years?

o Solution: N8 = 15000 * e^-(0.09 * 8)

 = 15000 * e^-0.72 ≈ 7301 Cod.

Problem: A lake has 3,500 trout, decreasing by 5% per year due to rising water
temperatures. How many remain after 10 years?

o Solution: N10 = 3500 * e^-(0.05 * 10)

 = 3500 * e^-0.5 ≈ 2123 Trout.

Problem: A reef has 2,000 sharks. Due to illegal hunting, the population declines at
15% per year. How many remain after 3 years?

o Solution: N3 = 2000 * e^-(0.15 * 3)

 = 2000 * e^-0.45 ≈ 1275 Sharks.

Problem:A coral reef has 1,800 clownfish. Due to coral bleaching, their population
decreases by 7% per year. How many will remain after 5 years?

o Solution: N5 = 1800 * e^-(0.08 * 6)

 = 1800 * e^-0.48 ≈ 1114 Clowndish.

Problem: A population of 6,000 jellyfish declines at 4% per year. How many remain
after 12 years?

o Solution: N12 = 6000 * e^-(0.04 * 12)

 = 6000 * e^-0.48 ≈ 3713 jellyfish.

Problem: A red snapper population of 8,500 is decreasing by 11% per year. How
many remain after 6 years?
 o Solution: N6 = 8500 * e^-(0.11 * 6)
 = 8500 * e^-0.66 ≈ 4393 Red Snapper.

 Finite rate
Equation 1 (Birth)

Formula Nt + 1= Nt + bNt

Where as;

 Nt+1 = Population at the next time step

 Nt =Population size at time
 b = is the capita birth rate

Problem: A fish farm has 1000 Tilapia. The finite growth rate is 0.2 (20%). How
many Tilapia will there be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 1000 + (0.2* 1000) = 1000 + 200 = 1200 Tilapia.

Problem: A pond has 2,500 Largemouth Bass. The per capita birth rate is 0.12. How
many will there be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 2,500 + (0.12* 2,500) = 2,500 + 300 = 2800 Bass.

Problem: A fish farm has 3,000 Nile Tilapia. The per capita birth rate is 0.18. How
many will there be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 3,000 + (0.18* 3000) = 3000 + 540 = 3540 Tilapia.

Problem: A river has 4,200 catfish. The per capita birth rate is 0.10. What will the
population be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 4,200 + (0.10* 4200 = 4200 + 420 = 4620 Catfish.

Problem: A coral reef has 1,500 Clownfish. Their per capita birth rate is 0.20. How
many will there be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 1500 + (0.20* 1500) = 1500 + 300 = 1800 Clownfish.

Problem: A small lake has 5,000 Bluegill fish. Their per capita birth rate is 0.08.
What will the population be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 5000 + (0.08* 5000) = 5000 + 400 = 5400 Bluegill fish.
 Problem: A hatchery has 6,800 salmon. The per capita birth rate is 0.14. How many
will there be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 6800 + (0.14* 6800) = 6800 + 952 = 7752 Salmon.

Problem: A sardine population of 10,000 grows with a per capita birth rate of 0.09.
How many will there be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 10,000 + (0.09* 10,000) = 10,000 + 900 = 10900 Sardine.

Problem: A population of 12,500 tuna has a per capita birth rate of 0.07. How many
will there be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 12500 + (0.07* 12500) = 12500 + 875 = 13375 Tuna.

Problem: A marine reserve starts with 7,200 red snappers. Their per capita birth rate
is 0.11. What will the population be next year?

o Solution: Nt+1 = 7200 + (0.11* 7200) = 7200 + 792 = 7992 Red Snappers.
Equation 2 (Birth and Death)

Formula Nt + 1= (1 + b-d) Nt

Where as;

 Nt+1 = Population at the next time step

 Nt =Population size at time
 b = is the capita birth rate
 d = is the capita death rate

Problem: A fish pond has 500 tilapia. The per capita birth rate is 0.18, and the per
capita death rate is 0.05. What will the population be next year?

 Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.18 - 0.05) * 500

= (1.13) * 500 = 565

Problem:A river has 1,200 salmon. The per capita birth rate is 0.12, and the per
capita death rate is 0.07. What will the population be next year?

 Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.12 - 0.07) * 1200

= (1.05) * 1200 = 1260

 Problem: A coral reef has 800 clownfish. The per capita birth rate is 0.20, and the per
capita death rate is 0.08. What will the population be next year?

 Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.20 - 0.08) * 800

= (1.12) * 800 =896

Problem: A lake has 2,500 catfish. The per capita birth rate is 0.15, and the per capita
death rate is 0.10. What will the population be next year?

 Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.15 - 0.10) * 2500

= (1.05) * 2500 = 2625

Problem:A pond has 3,000 bluegill fish. The per capita birth rate is 0.10, and the per
capita death rate is 0.03. What will the population be next year?

 Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.10 - 0.03) * 3000

= (1.07) * 3000 = 3210

Problem:An ocean reserve has 5,500 red snapper. The per capita birth rate is 0.14,
and the per capita death rate is 0.09. What will the population be next year?

 Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.14 - 0.09) * 5500

= (1.05) * 5500 = 5775

Problem: A sardine school has 10,000 fish. The per capita birth rate is 0.22, and the
per capita death rate is 0.15. What will the population be next year?

 Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.22 - 0.15) * 10000

= (1.07) * 10000 = 10700

Problem:A mountain stream has 1,800 trout. The per capita birth rate is 0.09, and the
per capita death rate is 0.04. What will the population be next year?

 Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.09 - 0.04) * 1800

= (1.05) * 1800 = 1890

Problem: A freshwater swamp has 2,200 eels. The per capita birth rate is 0.11, and the
per capita death rate is 0.06. What will the population be next year?
  Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.11 - 0.06) * 2200
= (1.05) * 2200 = 2310

Problem: A population of 15,000 tuna has a per capita birth rate of 0.13, and the per
capita death rate is 0.07. What will the population be next year?

 Solution: Nt+1 = (1 + 0.2 - 0.15) * 15000

= (1.05) * 15000 = 15750

 Logistics growth model

Formula G=r x N x 1 −(N
K )
Where as;

 r = Intrinsic growth rate

 N= current population size
 K= the carrying capacity

Problem: A fish population in a lake has an intrinsic growth rate (r) of 0.2 per year.
The carrying capacity (K) of the lake is 10,000 fish. Currently, there are 2,000 fish
(N) in the lake.

 Solution: G = 0.2 * 2000 * (1 - 2000/10000)

= 0.2 *2000 * (1 - 0.2)

= 0.2 *2000 * 0.8

= 320

Problem:A fish pond has 3,000 tilapia. The intrinsic growth rate (r) is 0.1 per year,
and the carrying capacity (K) is 8,000 fish.

 Solution: G= 0.1 * 3000 * (1 - 3000/8000)

= 0.1 *3000 * (1 - 0.375)

= 0.1 *3000 * 0.625

= 187.5
Problem: A river has 5,000 salmon. The growth rate (r) is 0.15, and the carrying
capacity (K) is 12,000 fish.

 Solution: G = 0.15 * 5000 * (1 - 5000/12000)

= 0.15 *5000 * (1 - 0.416)

= 0.15 *5000 * 0.584

= 438

Problem: A reef has 1,000 clownfish. The growth rate (r) is 0.2, and the carrying
capacity (K) is 5,000 fish.

 Solution: G= 0.2 * 1000 * (1 - 1000/5000)

= 0.2 *1000 * (1 - 0.2)

= 0.2 *1000 * 0.8

= 160

Problem: A lake has 4,000 catfish, with a growth rate (r) of 0.12 and a carrying
capacity (K) of 15,000.

 Solution: G= 0.12 * 4000 * (1 - 4000/15000)

= 0.12 *4000 * (1 - 0.26)

= 0.12 *4000 * 0.74

= 355.2

Problem: A pond has 6,500 bluegill fish, with a growth rate of 0.08 and a carrying
capacity of 10,000.

 Solution: G= 0.08 * 6500 * (1 - 6500/10000)

= 0.08 *6500 * (1 - 0.65)

= 0.08 *6500 * 0.35

= 182

Problem: A reserve has 9,000 red snapper, with a growth rate of 0.1 and a carrying
capacity of 20,000.
  Solution: G= 0.1 * 9000 * (1 - 9000/20000)

= 0.1 *9000 * (1 - 0.45)

= 0.1 *9000 * 0.55

= 495

Problem: A school of 20,000 sardines grows at 0.05 with a carrying capacity of

50,000.

 Solution: G = 0.05 * 20000 * (1 - 20000/50000)

= 0.05 *20000 * (1 - 0.4)

= 0.05 *20000 * 0.6

= 600

Problem: A stream has 1,500 trout, with a growth rate of 0.18 and a carrying capacity
of 6,000.

 Solution: G= 0.18 * 1500 * (1 - 1500/6000)

= 0.18 *1500 * (1 - 0.25)

= 0.18 *1500 * 0.75

= 202.5

Problem: A swamp has 800 eels, with a growth rate of 0.15 and a carrying capacity
of 2,500.

 Solution: G= 0.15 * 800 * (1 - 800/2500)

= 0.15 *800 * (1 - 0.32)

= 0.15 *800 * 0.68

= 81.6

 Length Base Growth

F −I
Formula R= L L
TI
Where as;

 FL = total length
 IL = initial length
 TI = time interval

Problem: A tilapia grows from 10 cm to 25 cm in 5 years. What is its growth rate?

25 −10 15
Solution: R= = =3cm/year
5 5

Problem: A salmon grows from 20 cm to 50 cm in 6 years. Find its growth rate.

50 −20 30
Solution: R= = =5cm/year
6 6

Problem: A catfish starts at 25 cm and grows to 40 cm in 3 years. What is its growth

rate?

40− 25 15
Solution: R= = =3cm/year
3 3

Problem: A clownfish starts at 7 cm and reaches 12 cm in 4 years. Find its growth

rate.

12 −7 5
Solution: R= = =1cm/year
4 4

Problem: A tuna grows from 50 cm to 95 cm in 9 years. What is the growth rate?

95 − 50 4 5
Solution: R= = =5cm/year
9 9

Problem: A barramundi starts at 30 cm and reaches 90 cm in 12 years. Find the

growth rate.

90 − 30 60
Solution: R= = =5cm/year
12 12

Problem: A grouper starts at 35 cm and grows to 80 cm in 15 years. What is its

growth rate?

80 − 35 45
Solution: R= = =3cm/year
15 15

Problem:A snapper starts at 18 cm and reaches 42 cm in 8 years. Find its growth rate.

42− 18 24
Solution: R= = =3cm/year
8 8
Problem: A mackerel starts at 22 cm and grows to 38 cm in 5 years. What is its
growth rate?

38 −22 16
Solution: R= = =3cm/year
5 5

Problem: A trout starts at 15 cm and reaches 45 cm in 10 years. What is the growth

rate?

45− 15 30
Solution: R= = =3cm/year
10 10