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Basic linux commands

The document provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental Linux commands categorized into sections such as Navigation and File Management, Viewing and Editing Files, System Information, Networking, and Other Useful Commands. It includes command descriptions, options, and tips for learning effectively. The document encourages practice and experimentation with commands to enhance understanding and proficiency in Linux.

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Ajay
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4 views

Basic linux commands

The document provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental Linux commands categorized into sections such as Navigation and File Management, Viewing and Editing Files, System Information, Networking, and Other Useful Commands. It includes command descriptions, options, and tips for learning effectively. The document encourages practice and experimentation with commands to enhance understanding and proficiency in Linux.

Uploaded by

Ajay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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It's great you're diving into Linux commands!

Here's a breakdown of some of the most


fundamental ones, categorized for clarity:
Navigation and File Management
●​ ls (list): Lists files and directories in the current directory.
○​ ls -l: Detailed list view (permissions, size, etc.)
○​ ls -a: Shows hidden files
●​ cd (change directory): Navigates to a different directory.
○​ cd ..: Goes up one directory
○​ cd /path/to/directory: Goes to a specific directory
●​ pwd (print working directory): Shows the current directory you're in.
●​ mkdir (make directory): Creates a new directory.
○​ mkdir directory_name
●​ rmdir (remove directory): Deletes an empty directory.
●​ rm (remove): Deletes files or directories.
○​ rm file_name: Deletes a file
○​ rm -r directory_name: Deletes a directory and its contents (use with caution!)
●​ cp (copy): Copies files or directories.
○​ cp source_file destination_file
●​ mv (move): Moves or renames files or directories.
○​ mv source_file destination_file (moves)
○​ mv old_name new_name (renames)
●​ touch: Creates an empty file.
○​ touch file_name
Viewing and Editing Files
●​ cat (concatenate): Displays the contents of a file.
○​ cat file_name
●​ less: Views file content one page at a time (use spacebar to scroll, 'q' to quit).
○​ less file_name
●​ head: Displays the first few lines of a file.
○​ head -n 10 file_name (shows the first 10 lines)
●​ tail: Displays the last few lines of a file.
○​ tail -n 5 file_name (shows the last 5 lines)
●​ nano or vi: Text editors for creating and modifying files.
System Information
●​ uname: Displays system information.
○​ uname -a: Shows all system information
●​ df (disk free): Shows disk space usage.
●​ free: Shows memory usage.
●​ top or htop: Displays running processes and system resource usage.
Networking
●​ ping: Tests network connectivity.
○​ ping website_address
●​ ifconfig: Displays network interface information.
●​ netstat: Shows network connections.
Other Useful Commands
●​ clear: Clears the terminal screen.
●​ man (manual): Displays the manual page for a command.
○​ man ls (shows the manual for the ls command)
●​ history: Shows a list of previously used commands.
●​ grep: Searches for patterns in text.
Tips for Learning
●​ Practice: The best way to learn is to use these commands regularly.
●​ Use the man command: It's your built-in documentation.
●​ Experiment: Don't be afraid to try different options and see what they do.
●​ Online resources: There are many excellent tutorials and guides available online.
This is just a starting point, of course. There are many other powerful Linux commands to
explore as you become more comfortable with the system. Let me know if you have any specific
tasks in mind, and I can suggest relevant commands!

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