Power System by: Roel B.

Calano
Problem 1
Consider the power system shown below. Choose a system power base 100MVA and a line-to-line voltage
base for section 1 as 6.9kV. The load in section 3 consumes 10MVA at 0.8pf leading when the line-to-line
voltage at the load is 13.8kV
(a) Determine the ohmic value of a R+jX load (R and X connected in series, as shown) in section 3 that
consumes this same amount of power at the specified voltage level (i.e., that consumes 10 MVA at 0.8
pf leading at 13.8kV line-to-line).
(b) Compute the impedance base for the section 3 load.

T1 T2

Section 1 6.8kV/69kV 71kV/13.8kV

Section 2 Section 3

Solution to problem 1
2
(a) S = VLL ⇒ Z = VLL =
2
(13.8 × 10 )3 2
= 15.235 − j11.426Ω
∗
Z ∗
S 10 × 10 (0.8 + j 0.6 )
6

(b)  6. 9 
VBASE = 6.9   = 70.015
2  6.8 
13.8 
VBASE = 70.015  = 13.608
3  71 
2
 
Z BASE =
VBASE 
 3 (
 = 13.608 × 10
3
)2

= 1.8519Ω
S BASE S BASE

Problem 2
Consider the power system shown below. Choose a system power base of 100MVA and a line-to-line
voltage base for section 1 as 6.9kV. Determine the appropriate values of per unit impedance for
transformers T1, T2, ad the transmission line.

T1 T2
5 + j 20Ω

6.8kV/69kV 71kV/13.8kV
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3
10%, 50MVA 8%, 20MVA
Solution to problem 2
 69   13.8 
Vbase , 2 = 6.9 ⋅   = 70.015, Vbase ,3 = 70.015 ⋅   = 13.61 p.u.
 6. 8   71 
2
 6.8   100 
X T 1, new = 0.10 ⋅   ⋅  = 0.1942
 6.9   50 
2 2
 71   100   13.8   100 
X T 2, new = 0.08 ⋅   ⋅  = 0.08 ⋅   ⋅  = 0.4112
 70.015   20   13.61   20 

Z base , 2 =
(70.015 × 10 ) 3 2
= 49.021Ω ⇒ X L =
5 + j 20
= 0.102 + j 0.4081
100 × 10 6
49.021

Problem 3
A generator is connected to a transmission line through a transformer having a rated turns ratio (ratio of
line to line voltages) of:
20 kV (generator side) to 100 kV (transmission line side).

The generator has a per unit reactance of 0.08 pu on a 19 kV, 50 MVA base.

Select the base voltage on the transmission line side to be 110 kV.

a. Compute the base voltage on the generator side.

b. Compute the pu reactance of the generator using a 100 MVA system power base.

Solution to problem 3
(a)
 20kV 
Vbasegen = 110kV ⋅  = 22kV
100kV 
(b)
2 2
V  S   19kV  100MVA 
X pu 2 = X pu1 ⋅  base1  ⋅  base 2  = 0.08 ⋅   ⋅  = 0.11934
Vbase 2   S base1   22kV   50MVA 

Problem 4
Choose a system MVA base of 100 MVA and a voltage base of 4.0 kV for the load portion of the system.
Find per-unit values of impedances for both transformers and the transmission line.

T1 T2
Xline = 6 Ω

Section 1 4.1kV/34.5kV 36kV/4.5kV

10%, 15MVA Section 2 8%, 20MVA Section 3
Solution to problem 4
 36 kV 
V base 2 = ( 4.0 kV ) ⋅   = 32 kV
 4.5kV 
 4.1kV 
V base 2 = (32 kV ) ⋅   = 3.803 kV
 34 .5kV 
2 2
V  S   4.1kV  100 MVA 
T 1 : X T 1 = X puT 1 ⋅  baseold  ⋅  basenew  = 0.10 ⋅  ⋅ = 0.7749
 V basenew   S baseold   3.803 kV   15 MVA 
2 2
V  S   4.5kV  100 MVA 
T 2 : X T 2 = X puT 2 ⋅  baseold  ⋅  basenew  = 0.08 ⋅  ⋅ = 0.506
 V basenew   S baseold   4.0 kV   20 MVA 

Line : Z base =
(32 kV )2 = 10 .24 Ω ⇒ Z pu =
6Ω
= 0.586
100 MVA 10 .24 Ω

Problem 5
1. B4: You receive the following data from a manufacturer regarding a new three phase transformer:
Ratio of line-line voltages: 13.8kV/225kV
Power rating: 400 MVA
Per unit reactance on component base: 8%
You are considering replacement of an existing transformer in your three-phase system with this new
one, and you want to see how it would affect the currents. Below is a circuit of your system. All data is
in per unit on a 100 MVA base. The voltage base for the transmission line is 230 kV and the voltage
base for the low side of transformer 1 is 14.1067 kV. The per unit impedances of the transmission line,
transformer 2, and the load are:
Zt=0.0004+j0.005 pu XX2=0.02 pu RL=0.8 pu
a. Compute the per unit reactance of the transformer on the system bases.
b. Compute the magnitude of the current It in the transmission line, in per unit, and in amperes.
Transformer 1 Trans. Line Transformer 2 Load

Xx1 Zt Xx2

1.0 pu + It
voltage RL
-

Solution to problem 5
2
a.  225   100 
X x1 = 0.08    = 0.0191 pu
b.
 230   400 
1.0 1.0 1.0
I t , pu = = = = 1.2456- j0.0686
X x1 + Zt + X x2 + RL j0.0191+ 0.0004+ j0.005+ j0.02 + 0.8 0.8004+ j0.0441

And the current magnitude, in per unit, is given by |It|=√[ (1.2456)2+(0.0686)2 ]=1.2475 pu
To get amperes, we need the current base for the transmission line section of the system. This is:
100 × 10 6
I base = = 251 ⇒ I t = 1.2475(251) = 313.1 amperes
3 (230 × 10 3 )