PURPOSIVE

COMMUNICATION
Introduction
OBJECTIVES
- Define Purposive Communication and its significance.
- Identify the elements of communication
- Illustrate the communication process through examples.
 WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?
COMMUNICATION

Communication is the exchange of ideas from one person to another.

Its aim is to express or send a thought or message to a single person
or to a large group.

In return, the person or group who received the message will interpret
and understand its meaning.
COMMUNICATION
Communication can be verbal or non-verbal.

To distinguish the two, verbal can be understood as “expressed in

words”.

Example:
Speaking and writing are verbal communication.

Making hand gestures such as pointing is non-verbal communication.

COMMUNICATION
Communication can be verbal or non-verbal.

To distinguish the two, verbal can be understood as “expressed in

words”.

Example:
Speaking and writing are verbal communication.

Making hand gestures such as pointing is non-verbal communication.

THE PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
When communicating, we are using a communication process
involving a sender, receiver, encoding, decoding, channel, and
feedback.

CHANNEL

SENDER FEEDBACK RECEIVER

COMMUNICATION PROCESS
1. SENDER
- The sender initiates the communication process.

2. ENCODING
- The process of converting thoughts and ideas into a message that
the receiver can understand, verbal or non-verbal.

3. MESSAGE
- The encoded idea or thought of the sender.

4. CHANNEL
- The medium wherein the message is being transmitted.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
5. RECEIVER
- The person or group who will receive the message.

6. DECODING
- The process of interpreting the message of the sender.

7. FEEDBACK
- The receiver’s response to the message of the sender.
ACTIVITY
Identify the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback based
on the situation.

Example:
Oscar, a Criminology student verbally shouted “Do 20 push-ups!” to
his subordinate John. After hearing this, John shouted “Sir Yes Sir!”
and dropped to the ground to do the push-ups.

1. Sender:
2. Message:
3. Channel:
4. Receiver:
5. Feedback:
ACTIVITY
Identify the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback based
on the situation.

Example:
Oscar, a Criminology student verbally shouted “Do 20 push-ups!” to
his subordinate John. After hearing this, John shouted “Sir Yes Sir!”
and dropped to the ground to do the push-ups.

1. Sender: Oscar
2. Message: Do 20 push-ups.
3. Channel: Verbal
4. Receiver: John
5. Feedback: Sir Yes Sir!, John did the push-ups.
ACTIVITY
Identify the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback based
on the situation.

A. Patrolwoman Roa was at a police checkpoint. When a motorcycle

approached, she waved to the driver and pointed to the side of the
road for the driver to stop. But instead of stopping, the driver drove
away quickly.

1. SENDER:
2. MESSAGE:
3. CHANNEL:
4. RECEIVER:
5. FEEDBACK:
ACTIVITY
Identify the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback based
on the situation.

A. Patrolwoman Roa was at a police checkpoint. When a motorcycle

approached, she waved to the driver and pointed to the side of the
road for the driver to stop. But instead of stopping, the driver drove
away quickly.

1. SENDER: Patrolwoman Roa / Roa

2. MESSAGE: Waved/signalled/pointed for the driver to stop
3. CHANNEL: Non-verbal/Gestures
4. RECEIVER: Driver
5. FEEDBACK: The driver ignored her/Driver drove away
ACTIVITY
Identify the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback based
on the situation.

Emily sent a text message to her friend, David, saying "Meet me at the
library at 5 PM." David received the message and replied with "Okay,
see you then!"

1. SENDER:
2. MESSAGE:
3. CHANNEL:
4. RECEIVER:
5. FEEDBACK:
 LEXICAL AND NON-
LEXICAL COMPONENTS
OF COMMUNICATION
LEXICAL AND NON-LEXICAL COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
When writing messages and letters or composing speeches, it is
important that you know how to put words together so your audience
would gain better understanding of the message you are trying to
convey.

We will learn how to integrate higher degrees of academic language

in your speech and writing by understanding the lexical and non-
lexical components of communication.
LEXICAL COMPONENT
LEXICAL COMPONENT
The lexical or verbal component of communication refers to the word
or chain of words used to create meaning.

1. Words are unique meaningful component of speech. Words may be

used alone or with others to form a sentence.

2. Part of words denote a single letter, a prefix, or a suffix added to

words.

Examples: s in animals, un in untold, er in speaker

LEXICAL COMPONENT
3. Phrasal verbs are verbs followed by preposition or an adverb.

Examples:

point out (to direct attention to something)

The teacher pointed out the incorrect sentence.

fill out (to complete a form)

Please do not forget to fill out the evaluation form.
LEXICAL COMPONENT
4. Collocations are a pair or group of words that are habitually used
together that they sound correct together.

Examples:

Major problem (a big problem)

Strong coffee (coffee with a strong flavor or caffeine content)
Heavy drinker (somebody who consumes too much alcohol)
LEXICAL COMPONENT
5. Idioms are combination of words whose collective meaning is not
predictable from those of the individual words. Meanings created are
usually understood by native speakers of the language.

Examples:
Once in a blue moon
Actions speaks louder than words
The pot calling the kettle black
LEXICAL COMPONENT
6. Sentence frames are a group of words that provide a structure for a
complete sentence.

Examples:

In my opinion, [statement]
If I were you, I would [action]
Could you please [action]
NON-LEXICAL
COMPONENT
NON-LEXICAL COMPONENT
The non-lexical or non-verbal component of communication refers to
the delivering of messages without the use of words. It includes the
following:

1. Body Language
2. Proxemics
3. Paralanguage
4. Presuppositions
BODY LANGUAGE
BODY LANGUAGE
Body language is a kind of non-lexical communication where ideas or
messages are expressed using your body. It includes gestures, facial
expressions, eye contact, and body stance.

a. Gestures are most usually hand or head movements that indicate a

particular meaning or support a particular idea so you can better
persuade your audience.

Examples: “okay sign”, “thumbs up”, “nod”

BODY LANGUAGE
b. Facial expressions are executed using the facial muscles. Even without uttering a word,
you can transmit your thoughts to others via facial expressions.

There are four techniques in managing facial expressions.

1. Intensify – Show strong emotions using exaggerated facial muscle movements

2. De-intensify – Showing less emotions to control feelings
3. Neutralize – Not showing any emotion
4. Mask – Faking emotions
BODY LANGUAGE
c. Eye contact means looking directly at your audience’s eyes. Making
eye contact while conversing with a person shows you are interested.

Lack of eye contact may mean that you are not comfortable, or you
are not sincere.
BODY LANGUAGE
d. Body stance or how you sit or stand in front of a person can rely
information about your personality traits.

Example:

Slouching may mean that the person is not paying attention or not
interested

A person standing with hands on their hips may mean that the person
is angry
BODY LANGUAGE
2. Proxemics

Proxemics, as coined by Hall, refers to the study of people’s use of space as a

special elaboration of culture. It refers to the nearness or closeness of a person
to his audience.

You create personal space when you interact or communicate with people.
When you like someone or know someone well, you may stand or sit by them
closer because you are comfortable

The space you create depends on your culture, experience, situation, and your
surroundings.
BODY LANGUAGE
According to Hall (1966) there are four proxemic zones which defines and identifies the
person or audience you communicate with.
BODY LANGUAGE
3. Paralanguage is a kind of non-lexical component that you use every day. It
alters or nuance meaning and reflects your impression of the person you are
talking with. It also gives a hint on the role and experiences you had with that
person. There are three groups of paralanguages:

a. Vocal characterizers – yelling, whispering, yawning, sighing, groaning

b. Vocal qualifiers – tone, tempo, rhythm, pitch, volume, intensity, extent

c. Vocal segregates – sounds like “uh-uh” “mm” “uh”

BODY LANGUAGE
4. Presupposition is an assumption, or something you believe is implied in an
utterance. The assumption happens even without confirmation.

Example: Gianni no longer enjoys dancing

Presupposition: Gianni once enjoyed dancing
 TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
This is the type of communication we use when we talk to or communicate with
ourselves.

Read the situation below:

Zeke was doing his research work when suddenly he felt this uncomfortable
feeling in his stomach. When he tried touching his tummy, he heard a groan-
like sound. He then put aside his research work, went to the kitchen, and made
a sandwich. After eating the sandwich, he felt that his stomach was okay. He
went on with his research work.
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Let’s apply the communication process to this situation.

Who or what was the sender?

What was the message?

What was the channel?

Who was the receiver?

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Let’s apply the communication process to this situation.

Who or what was the sender? Zeke’s stomach.

What was the message? He’s hungry.

What was the channel? His brain.

Who was the receiver? Zeke.

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Geannie was in a shopping mall trying to find a dress for dinner she is about
to attend together with her friends. In one boutique outlet, she picked and
tried two dresses. She was comfortable with both and the designs. While inside
the dressing room, she was weighing the pros and cons of both dresses. When
she came out of the dressing room, she already had a choice for the dress to
wear.

Just like what happened to Zeke, Geannie talked to herself while making a
choice. Even when talking to ourselves, the basic process of communication
happened.
 INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
This is the type of communication we do when we talk with another person or a
group of people. It involves both verbal and non-verbal communication
channels.
 MASS
COMMUNICATION
MASS COMMUNICATION
Also called “one is to many” type of communication. It uses media as its
medium to communicate to mass audience.

Mediums for mass communication can be classified into two: old media and
new media.

Old media includes books, newspapers, magazines, and other forms of

printed media.

New media include computers, televisions, and other technologies.

 NEXT LESSON:
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
The common barriers to effective communication:

1. Jargons

Using technical words that your audience will have a hard time understanding.

2. Emotional factors

As a good communicator, you should learn how to control your emotions.

Emotional factors also include not being comfortable in talking bout certain
topics such as politics, religion, sexuality, sex, or disabilities.
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
3. Entertaining distractions

Learn to sift happenings in your life to decipher distractions.

4. Differences in perspectives

As unique individuals, we have differences in perspectives.

5. Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties

PHYSICAL BARRIERS
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
1. Language differences

Difference in language or unfamiliarity with accents.

2. Expectations and prejudices

Control your prejudices to avoid wrong assumptions or stereotyping.

3. Cultural differences

Each culture is unique. Be sensitive and observe hints.