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Hyperreal Numbers

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Hyperreal Numbers

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Severely Theoretical machine learning, cognitive science, computational neuroscience Hyperreal numbers Posted on August 3, 2018August 4, 2018 by Emin Orhan Inspired by this thread (https://twitter.com/goodfellow_ian/status/996559213500424192) from lan Goodfellow, I recently finished reading a nice introductory textbook on nonstandard analysis, Infinitesimal Calculus (https://www,.amazon.com/Infinitesimal-Calculus-Dover-Books- Mathematics/dp/0486428869), and Id like to summarize here what I've learnt from the book. There is a well-known construction (hitps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction of the real numbers#Construction from Cauchy €8) of real numbers from rational numbers that defines real numbers as equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of rational numbers. Two Cauchy sequences of rational numbers are counted as equal if their difference converges to zero in the Euclidean metric (choosing other metrics here gives rise to some interesting, alternative number systems, e.g. p-adic numbers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P- adic number). e. This new In an analogous fashion, one can define a new number system starting from the reals this number system, called htyperreal numbers (112), is defined in terms of equivalence classes of sequences of real numbers. Two sequences of real numbers, (0, )j.-) and (/3,), () yet

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