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Basic Computer Organization

The document outlines the five basic operations of a computer system: inputting, storing, processing, outputting, and controlling. It describes the functions of input, output, and storage units, differentiating between primary and secondary storage. Additionally, it highlights the roles of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Central Processing Unit (CPU) within the computer system.

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18 views2 pages

Basic Computer Organization

The document outlines the five basic operations of a computer system: inputting, storing, processing, outputting, and controlling. It describes the functions of input, output, and storage units, differentiating between primary and secondary storage. Additionally, it highlights the roles of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Central Processing Unit (CPU) within the computer system.

Uploaded by

ma-elt23001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System

Inputting: The process of entering data and instructions into the computer system

Storing: Saving data and instructions to make them readily available for initial or additional processing
whenever required

Processing: Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc.) or logical operations
(comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.) on data to convert them into useful information

Outputting: The process of producing useful information or results for the user such as a printed report
or visual display

Controlling: Directing the manner and sequence in which all of the above operations are performed

Input Unit

An input unit of a computer system performs the following functions:

1. It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside world


2. it converts these instructions and data in computer acceptable form
3. It supplies the converted instructions and computer system for further processing

Output Unit

An output unit of a computer system performs the following functions:

1. It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are in coded form and hence, cannot be
easily understood by us
2. It converts these coded results to human acceptable (readable)
3. It supplies form the converted results to outside world

Storage Unit

The storage unit of a computer system holds (or stores) the following:

1. Data and instructions required for processing (received from input devices)
2. Intermediate results of processing
3. Final results of processing, before they are released to an output device

Two Types of Storage

Primary storage

 Used to hold running program instructions


 Used to hold data, intermediate results, and
 results of ongoing processing of job(s)
 Fast in operation
 Small Capacity
 Expensive
 Volatile (loses data on power dissipation)
Secondary storage

 Used to hold stored program instructions


 Used to hold data and information
 Slower than primary storage
 Large Capacity
 Lot cheaper than primary storage
 Retains data even without power

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system is the place where the actual executions of instructions take
place during processing operation

Control Unit (CU)

Control Unit of a computer system manages and coordinates the operations of all other components of
the computer system

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 It is the brain of a computer system


 It is responsible for controlling the operations of all other units of a computer system

The System Concept


A system has following three characteristics:

1. A system has more than one element


2. All elements of a system are logically related
3. All elements of a system are controlled in a manner to achieve the system goal

A computer is a system as it comprises of integrated components (input unit, output unit, storage unit,
and CPU) that work together to perform the steps called for in the executing program

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