NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: ETHICAL HACKING

Assignment- Week 3
TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ/SA
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 x 1 = 10
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QUESTION 1:
Which of the following corresponds to direct packet delivery option in a router?
a. An incoming packet is forwarded to another router.
b. An incoming packet is forwarded to the destination host present in the same
network.
c. An incoming packet is forwarded via the default router.
d. None of these.

Correct Answer: b

Detail Solution: Direct packet delivery means that a packet can be delivered to a host directly
without going through any other intermediate router. This is possible only when the destination
host is present in the same network. Hence, option (b) is correct.

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QUESTION 2:
The default route is specified in a routing table by using the host address:
a. 0.0.0.0
b. 255.255.255.255
c. 127.0.0.1
d. None of these

Correct Answer: a

Detail Solution: In the routing table entry of a router, the all-zero combination (0.0.0.0) is
typically used to specify the default route. Hence, option (a) is correct.

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QUESTION 3:
What does the G flag in a routing table signify?
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

a. The destination is in the same network.

b. The destination is in a different network.
c. The interface is up and running.
d. None of these.

Correct Answer: b

Detail Solution: If in a routing table entry, G = 0, it indicates that the destination is in the same
network. However, if G = 1, it indicates that the destination is in a different network. In other
words, the G flag indicates that the destination is in a different network. Hence, the correct
option is (b).

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QUESTION 4:
Which of the following statement(s) is/are false?
a. In interior routing protocol, the participating routers are present in the same
autonomous system.
b. In interior routing protocol, the participating routers are present in different
autonomous systems.
c. In exterior routing protocol, the participating routers are present in the same
autonomous system.
d. In exterior routing protocol, the participating routers are present in different
autonomous systems.

Correct Answer: b, c

Detail Solution: Follows from the definitions of interior and exterior routing protocols.

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QUESTION 5:
If a packet is to be delivered to all the hosts in a network, what kind of address should be used
to specify the destination?
a. Unicast address
b. Broadcast address
c. Anycast address
d. None of these
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Correct Answer: b

Detail Solution: Unicast address is used if a packet is to be delivered to a specific host.

Broadcast address is used if a packet has to be delivered to all the hosts within a network or
subnetwork. Anycast address is used if a packet has to be delivered to exactly one of the hosts
in a network or subnetwork. Hence, the correct option is (b).

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QUESTION 6:
If a packet is to be delivered to exactly one host in a network, what kind of address should be
used to specify the destination?
a. Unicast address
b. Broadcast address
c. Anycast address
d. None of these

Correct Answer: c

Detail Solution: Unicast address is used if a packet is to be delivered to a specific host.

Broadcast address is used if a packet has to be delivered to all the hosts within a network or
subnetwork. Anycast address is used if a packet has to be delivered to exactly one of the hosts
in a network or subnetwork. Hence, the correct option is (c).

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QUESTION 7:
What is the purpose of HELLO packets in the OSPF protocol?
a. Keep the links between neighbor routers alive.
b. Update routing table by exchanging information between neighbors.
c. For broadcasting link state advertisement information.
d. All of these.

Correct Answer: a

Detail Solution: A HELLO packet received from a neighboring router indicates that the
corresponding communication link is up and running. In the OSPF protocol, if the HELLO packet
is not received for 40 seconds, it indicates failure of the neighbor or the communication link.
Hence the correct option is (a).
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

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QUESTION 8:
When an entire IPv6 packet is included as payload inside an IPv4 packet, it is called
a. Encapsulation
b. Tunneling
c. Decapsulation
d. None of these.

Correct Answer: b

Detail Answer: When entire IPv6 packets are encapsulated within IPv4 packets, it is called
tunneling. The IPv6 packet gets transmitted as data over an IPv4 network. Hence, the correct
option is (b).

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QUESTION 9:
Consider the following routing table in a router. On which interface will an IP packet with
destination address 144.25.64.120 be forwarded?

Destination Subnet Mask Interface

144.25.0.0 255.255.0.0 Eth0

144.25.64.0 255.255.224.0 Eth1

144.25.68.0 255.255.255.0 Eth2

144.25.68.64 255.255.255.224 Eth3

default 0.0.0.0 Eth2

a. Eth0
b. Eth1
c. Eth2
d. Eth3

Correct Answer: b
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Detail Solution:
Row 1: 144.25.64.120 AND 255.255.0.0 = 144.25.0.0  Matches with destination address
Row 2: 144.25.64.120 AND 255.255.224.0 = 144.25.64.0  Matches with destination address
Row 3: 144.25.64.120 AND 255.255.255.0 = 144.25.64.0  No match
Row 4: 144.25.64.120 AND 255.255.255.224 = 144.25.64.112  No match
Row 2 provides the longest prefix match; hence the packet will be forwarded to Eth1.

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QUESTION 10:
An entry in the routing table has 135.46.56.0 as the destination and /22 as the subnet mask.
What will be the network address?
a. 135.46.56.0
b. 135.46.0.0
c. 135.46.48.0
d. None of these.

Correct Answer: a

Detail Solution: In binary notation,

135.46.56.0 = 10000111 00101110 00111000 00000000

If we use /22 as the subnet mask, this means that the first 22 bits of the address must
be used to get the network address. If we do this, we get
10000111 00101110 00111000 00000000 = 135.46.56.0
Hence, correct option is (a).

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