Integral Calculus

 Integration Concepts/Formula

Question 1:
Evaluate ∫(e^x + cos(x)) dx.
a) e^x + sin(x) + C
b) e^x + cos(x) + C
c) e^x - sin(x) + C
d) e^x - cos(x) + C

Explanation: The integral of e^x is e^x, and the integral of cos(x) is sin(x). Therefore, the integral of (e^x + cos(x)) is
e^x + sin(x) + C. The correct answer is (a).

Question 2:
Evaluate ∫(1 + tan^2(x)) dx.
a) x + tan(x) + C
b) x + sec^2(x) + C
c) x + cot(x) + C
d) x - cot^2(x) + C

Explanation: We know that the derivative of tan(x) is sec^2(x). Therefore, the integral of tan^2(x) is tan(x) + C. The
integral of 1 is x, and hence the integral of (1 + tan^2(x)) is x + tan(x) + C. The correct answer is (a).

Question 3:
Evaluate ∫(x^2 + 2x + 1) dx from 0 to 1.
a) 1
b) 1/3
c) 2
d) 4/3

Explanation: First, find the antiderivative of x^2 + 2x + 1, which is (x^3/3 + x^2 + x). Now, evaluate the integral from
0 to 1 by subtracting the value at 0 from the value at 1: [(1^3/3 + 1^2 + 1) - (0^3/3 + 0^2 + 0)] = (1/3 + 1 + 1) - 0 = 1
+ 1 = 2. The correct answer is (c).

Question 4:
Evaluate ∫(sin^2(x) + cos^2(x)) dx.
a) x + sin(x) + C
b) x + cos(x) + C
c) x + tan(x) + C
d) x + cot(x) + C

Explanation: The trigonometric identity sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1. Therefore, the integral of (sin^2(x) + cos^2(x)) is the
integral of 1, which is x + C. The correct answer is (b).

Question 5:
Evaluate ∫(x^2 * e^(x^3)) dx.
a) (1/3) * e^(x^3) + C
b) (1/2) * e^(x^3) + C
c) (1/3) * e^(x^3) + x + C
d) (1/2) * e^(x^3) + x + C

Explanation: This integral requires u-substitution. Let u = x^3, then du/dx = 3x^2, and dx = du/(3x^2). The integral
becomes ∫(1/3 * e^u) du. Integrating this gives (1/3) * e^u + C. Substitute back x^3 for u: (1/3) * e^(x^3) + C. The
correct answer is (a).

Question 6:
Evaluate ∫(x * ln(x)) dx.
a) x^2 * ln(x) + C
b) x^2 * ln(x) - x + C
c) (1/2) * x^2 * ln(x) + C
d) (1/2) * x^2 * ln(x) - x + C

Explanation: This integral requires integration by parts with u = ln(x) and dv = x dx. Differentiating u gives du = (1/x)
dx, and integrating dv gives v = (1/2) x^2. The formula for integration by parts is ∫(u dv) = uv - ∫(v du). Applying the
formula, we get x^2 * ln(x) - ∫((1/2) x^2 * (1/x) dx) = x^2 * ln(x) - (1/2) * x^2 * (1/2) + C = x^2 * ln(x) - (1/4) * x^2 +
C. The correct answer is (b).
Question 7:
Evaluate ∫(x / (1 + x^2)) dx.
a) ln(x^2 + 1) + C
b) ln(x^2 - 1) + C
c) (1/2) * ln(x^2 + 1) + C
d) (1/2) * ln(x^2 - 1) + C

Explanation: To evaluate this integral, perform the substitution u = x^2 + 1, then du = 2x dx. The integral becomes
∫(1/(2u)) du, which is (1/2) ln(u) + C = (1/2) ln(x^2 + 1) + C. The correct answer is (c).

Question 8:
Evaluate ∫(x * sin(x)) dx.
a) x * cos(x) - sin(x) + C
b) -x * cos(x) + sin(x) + C
c) -x * cos(x) - sin(x) + C
d) x * cos(x) + sin(x) + C

Explanation: This integral requires integration by parts with u = x and dv = sin(x) dx. Differentiating u gives du = dx,
and integrating dv gives v = -cos(x). Apply the integration by parts formula: ∫(u dv) = uv - ∫(v du). We get x * (-
cos(x)) - ∫((-cos(x)) dx) = -x * cos(x) + ∫(cos(x)) dx = -x * cos(x) + sin(x) + C. The correct answer is (b).

Question 9:
Evaluate ∫(e^(2x) * cos(2x)) dx.
a) (1/2) * e^(2x) * (cos(2x) - sin(2x)) + C
b) (1/2) * e^(2x) * (cos(2x) + sin(2x)) + C
c) (1/3) * e^(2x) * (cos(2x) - sin(2x)) + C
d) (1/3) * e^(2x) * (cos(2x) + sin(2x)) + C

Explanation: This integral requires integration by parts twice. Let u = cos(2x) and dv = e^(2x) dx. Then du = -2
sin(2x) dx and v = (1/2) e^(2x). Apply the integration by parts formula twice:

∫(u dv) = uv - ∫(v du). After two iterations, you'll get (1/2) * e^(2x) * (cos(2x) - sin(2x)) + C. The correct answer is (a).

Question 10:
Evaluate ∫(sqrt(4 - x^2)) dx.
a) 2 arcsin(x/2) + C
b) arcsin(2 - x) + C
c) 2 arccos(x/2) + C
d) arccos(2 - x) + C

Explanation: Use trigonometric substitution x = 2sin(theta). Then dx = 2cos(theta) d(theta). The integral becomes
∫(sqrt(4 - 4sin^2(theta))) * 2cos(theta) d(theta) = 2∫(cos^2(theta)) d(theta). Use the identity cos^2(theta) = (1 +
cos(2theta))/2. The integral becomes ∫((1 + cos(2theta))/2) d(theta) = (1/2)∫(1 + cos(2theta)) d(theta) = (1/2) *
(theta + (1/2)sin(2theta)) + C. Now, replace theta with arcsin(x/2): (1/2) * (arcsin(x/2) + (1/2)sin(2 * arcsin(x/2)))) +
C. The sin(2 * arcsin(x/2)) term simplifies to x. Therefore, the answer is 2 * arcsin(x/2) + C. The correct answer is
(a).
  Integration Techniques

Integration by Parts:
Question 1:
Evaluate ∫x ln(x) dx
a) (x^2 / 2) ln(x) - (x^2 / 4) + C
b) (x^2 / 2) ln(x) - (x^2 / 2) + C
c) (x^2 / 4) ln(x) - (x^2 / 2) + C
d) (x^2 / 2) ln(x) - (x^2 / 4) ln(x) + C

Question 2:
Calculate ∫e^x cos(x) dx
a) (1/2) e^x (cos(x) + sin(x)) + C
b) (1/2) e^x (cos(x) - sin(x)) + C
c) (1/2) e^x (cos(x) + cos(x)) + C
d) (1/2) e^x (cos(x) - cos(x)) + C

Explanation:

1. For Question 1, we use integration by parts with u = ln(x) and dv = x dx. Then, we find du and v:

du = (1/x) dx
v = (x^2 / 2)

Now, applying the integration by parts formula:

∫x ln(x) dx = (x^2 / 2) ln(x) - ∫(x^2 / 2) (1/x) dx
= (x^2 / 2) ln(x) - ∫(x / 2) dx
= (x^2 / 2) ln(x) - (x^2 / 4) + C

So, the correct answer is option (a).

2. For Question 2, we use integration by parts with u = e^x and dv = cos(x) dx. Then, we find du and v:

du = e^x dx
v = sin(x)

Now, applying the integration by parts formula:

∫e^x cos(x) dx = e^x sin(x) - ∫e^x sin(x) dx

We can repeat the process by using integration by parts again on the remaining integral. However, this will lead
to an infinite loop of integration by parts, making it unsuitable for this problem.

Instead, we solve for the remaining integral as follows:

∫e^x sin(x) dx = (1/2) e^x (sin(x) - cos(x)) + C

Plugging this back into the initial integration:

∫e^x cos(x) dx = e^x sin(x) - (1/2) e^x (sin(x) - cos(x)) + C
= (1/2) e^x (cos(x) + sin(x)) + C

So, the correct answer is option (a).

U-Substitution:
Question 3:
Evaluate ∫x^3 √(x^2 + 1) dx
a) (1/3) (x^2 + 1)^(3/2) + C
b) (1/5) (x^2 + 1)^(5/2) + C
c) (1/3) (x^2 + 1)^(5/2) + C
d) (1/5) (x^2 + 1)^(3/2) + C

Question 4:
Calculate ∫(sec^2(x) + tan(x)) dx
a) tan(x) - ln|sec(x)| + C
b) sec(x) + ln|sec(x)| + C
c) sec(x) + ln|sec(x) + tan(x)| + C
d) ln|sec(x)| + C
Explanation:

3. For Question 3, we use u-substitution with u = x^2 + 1. Then, we find du:

du = 2x dx

Now, substitute back and perform the integration:

∫x^3 √(x^2 + 1) dx = (1/2) ∫u^(3/2) du
= (1/2) * (2/5) u^(5/2) + C
= (1/5) (x^2 + 1)^(5/2) + C

So, the correct answer is option (c).

4. For Question 4, we use u-substitution with u = sec(x) + tan(x). Then, we find du:

du = (sec(x)tan(x) + sec^2(x)) dx
du = (sec(x)tan(x) + 1) dx

Now, substitute back and perform the integration:

∫(sec^2(x) + tan(x)) dx = ∫du
=u+C
= sec(x) + tan(x) + C

So, the correct answer is option (c).

Reverse Chain Rule:

Question 5:
Evaluate ∫(3x^2 + 1) e^(x^3 + x) dx
a) e^(x^3 + x) + C
b) e^(x^3 + x^2) + C
c) e^(x^3 + x) / 3 + C
d) e^(x^3 + x^2) / 3 + C

Question 6:
Calculate ∫(2x + 1) cos(x^2 + x) dx
a) sin(x^2 + x) + C
b) sin(x^2 + x + 1) + C
c) sin(x^2 + x) / 2 + C
d) sin(x^2 + x + 1) / 2 + C

Explanation:

5. For Question 1, we use reverse chain rule with u = x^3 + x. Then, we find du:

du = (3x^2 + 1) dx

Now, substitute back and perform the integration:

∫(3x^2 + 1) e^(x^3 + x) dx = ∫e^u du
= e^u + C
= e^(x^3 + x) + C

So, the correct answer is option (a).

6. For Question 2, we use reverse chain rule with u = x^2 + x. Then, we find du:

du = (2x + 1) dx

Now, substitute back and perform the integration:

∫(2x + 1) cos(x^2 + x) dx = ∫cos(u) du
= sin(u) + C
= sin(x^2 + x) + C

So, the correct answer is option (a).

Partial Fraction Expansion:
Question 7:
Evaluate ∫(x^2 + 3x + 2) / (x^3 + 3x^2 + 2x) dx
a) ln|x| + 2ln|x + 1| + C
b) ln|x| + ln|x + 2| + C
c) ln|x + 1| + 2ln|x + 2| + C
d) ln|x + 1| + ln|x + 2| + C

Question 8:
Calculate ∫(2x^2 - 5) / (x^3 - 2x^2) dx
a) -2ln|x| + 5ln|x - 2| + C
b) -ln|x| + 5ln|x - 2| + C
c) -2ln|x| + ln|x - 2| + C
d) -ln|x| + ln|x - 2| + C

Explanation:

For Question 7, we use partial fraction expansion to break down the integrand. First, factor the denominator:
x^3 + 3x^2 + 2x = x(x^2 + 3x + 2) = x(x + 1)(x + 2)

Now, write the integrand as a sum of fractions:

(x^2 + 3x + 2) / (x^3 + 3x^2 + 2x) = A/x + B/(x + 1) + C/(x + 2)

To find A, B, and C, we need to find the common denominator and compare coefficients. After solving for A, B,
and C, we get:
A = 1, B = 1, C = 1

Now, perform the integration:

∫(x^2 + 3x + 2) / (x^3 + 3x^2 + 2x) dx = ∫(1/x + 1/(x + 1) + 1/(x + 2)) dx
= ln|x| + ln|x + 1| + ln|x + 2| + C
= ln|x| + ln|x + 1| + 2ln|x + 2| + C

So, the correct answer is option (c).

For Question 8, we use partial fraction expansion again to break down the integrand. First, factor the denominator:
x^3 - 2x^2 = x^2(x - 2) = x^2(x - 2)

Now, write the integrand as a sum of fractions:

(2x^2 - 5) / (x^3 - 2x^2) = A/x + B/x^2 + C/(x - 2)

To find A, B, and C, we need to find the common denominator and compare coefficients. After solving for A, B,
and C, we get:
A = 5, B = -2, C = -3

Now, perform the integration:

∫(2x^2 - 5) / (x^3 - 2x^2) dx = ∫(5/x - 2/x^2 - 3/(x - 2)) dx
= 5ln|x| + 2/x + 3ln|x - 2| + C

So, the correct answer is option (c).

Integration Using Trigonometric Identities:

Question 9:
Evaluate ∫sin^2(x) cos(x) dx
a) -(1/3) cos^3(x) + C
b) (1/3) cos^3(x) + C
c) -(1/3) cos^2(x) + C
d) (1/3) cos^2(x) + C

Question 10:
Calculate ∫sin^3(x) cos^2(x) dx
a) -(1/5) cos^5(x) + C
b) (1/5) cos^5(x) + C
c) -(1/5) cos^4(x) + C
d) (1/5) cos^4(x) + C
Explanation:

For Question 9, we use the trigonometric identity sin^2(x) = (1 - cos^2(x)). Then, the integral becomes:
∫(1 - cos^2(x)) cos(x) dx

Now, perform the integration:

∫(1 - cos^2(x)) cos(x) dx = ∫(cos(x) - cos^3(x)) dx
= sin(x) - (1/3) cos^3(x) + C

So, the correct answer is option (a).

For Question 10, we use the trigonometric identity sin^3(x) = sin(x) - sin^3(x). Then, the integral becomes:
∫(sin(x) - sin^3(x)) cos^2(x) dx

Now, perform the integration:

∫(sin(x) - sin^3(x)) cos^2(x)

dx = ∫sin(x) cos^2(x) dx - ∫sin^3(x) cos^2(x) dx

For the first integral, use the identity cos^2(x) = 1 - sin^2(x):

∫sin(x) cos^2(x) dx = ∫sin(x) (1 - sin^2(x)) dx
= ∫(sin(x) - sin^3(x)) dx
= -(1/2) cos^2(x) + (1/4) cos^4(x) + C

For the second integral, we have:

∫sin^3(x) cos^2(x) dx = ∫sin^3(x) (1 - sin^2(x)) dx
= ∫(sin^3(x) - sin^5(x)) dx
= -(1/4) cos^4(x) + (1/6) cos^6(x) + C

Now, combining the results:

∫sin^3(x) cos^2(x) dx = -(1/2) cos^2(x) + (1/4) cos^4(x) - (1/4) cos^4(x) + (1/6) cos^6(x) + C
= -(1/2) cos^2(x) + (1/6) cos^6(x) + C

So, the correct answer is option (c).

Trigonometric Substitution:
Question 11:
Evaluate ∫(1 - x^2)^(-3/2) dx
a) arcsin(x) + C
b) arccos(x) + C
c) arctan(x) + C
d) arcsec(x) + C

Question 12:
Calculate ∫x / sqrt(4x^2 - 9) dx
a) (1/2) arccos(3x/2) + C
b) (1/2) arcsin(3x/2) + C
c) (1/3) arctan(3x/2) + C
d) (1/3) arcsec(3x/2) + C

Explanation:

For Question 11, we use trigonometric substitution with x = sin(θ). Then, √(1 - x^2) = cos(θ).

Now, substitute back and perform the integration:

∫(1 - x^2)^(-3/2) dx = ∫cos^3(θ) dθ

Using a trigonometric identity, cos^3(θ) = (3/4)cos(θ) + (1/4)cos(3θ), the integral becomes:

∫cos^3(θ) dθ = (3/4)∫cos(θ) dθ + (1/4)∫cos(3θ) dθ
= (3/4)sin(θ) + (1/12)sin(3θ) + C

Finally, substitute back θ = arcsin(x) to get the answer:

∫(1 - x^2)^(-3/2) dx = (3/4)sin(arcsin(x)) + (1/12)sin(3arcsin(x)) + C
= (3/4) x + (1/12)(3x - 4x^3) + C
= (1/4) x + (1/4)x^3 + C
 So, the correct answer is option (c).

For Question 12, we use trigonometric substitution with x = (3/2)sin(θ). Then, √(4x^2 - 9) = 3cos(θ).

Now, substitute back and perform the integration:

∫x / √(4x^2 - 9) dx = ∫(3/2)sin(θ) / (3cos(θ)) dθ
= (1/2) ∫tan(θ) dθ
= (1/2) ln|sec(θ)| + C

Finally, substitute back θ = arcsin(2x/3) to get the answer:

∫x / √(4x^2 - 9) dx = (1/2) ln|sec(arcsin(2x/3))| + C
= (1/2) ln|sec(arcsin(2x/3))|
= (1/2) ln|√(1 - (2x/3)^2)| + C
= (1/2) ln|√(1 - 4x^2/9)| + C
= (1/2) ln|√((9 - 4x^2)/9)| + C
= (1/2) ln|√(9 - 4x^2)/√9| + C
= (1/2) ln|√(9 - 4x^2)/3| + C

So, the correct answer is option (b).

  Improper Integrals

1.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₀^(π/2) ln(sin(x)) dx
a) -π/2
b) -π/4
c) π/4
d) π/2

Explanation:
To solve this integral, we can use integration by parts. Let u = ln(sin(x)) and dv = dx. Then, du = cot(x) dx and v = x.
Using the integration by parts formula, we get:
∫ ln(sin(x)) dx = x ln(sin(x)) - ∫ x cot(x) dx

Next, we evaluate the integral on the right side. Apply integration by parts again, with u = x and dv = cot(x) dx.
Then, du = dx and v = ln(sin(x)).
∫ x cot(x) dx = x ln(sin(x)) - ∫ ln(sin(x)) dx

Now, we substitute this back into the original equation:

∫ ln(sin(x)) dx = x ln(sin(x)) - (x ln(sin(x)) - ∫ ln(sin(x)) dx)

Solving for the integral on the left side, we get:

2 ∫ ln(sin(x)) dx = x ln(sin(x))

Finally, we can solve for the integral:

∫ ln(sin(x)) dx = (x/2) ln(sin(x)) + C

Now, evaluating the integral from 0 to π/2, we get:

∫₀^(π/2) ln(sin(x)) dx = (π/4) ln(sin(π/2)) - (0/2) ln(sin(0)) = (π/4) ln(1) = 0

So, the correct answer is: (a) -π/2

2.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₀^∞ e^(-x^2) dx
a) π/2
b) π/√2
c) π/4
d) 1/2

Explanation:
This is a classic example of the Gaussian integral. To evaluate it, we use polar coordinates.

Let I = ∫₀^∞ e^(-x^2) dx

Then, I^2 = ∫₀^∞ e^(-x^2) dx ∫₀^∞ e^(-y^2) dy

Now, consider the double integral ∬ e^(-(x^2 + y^2)) dA, where dA represents the area element in polar
coordinates.

Switch to polar coordinates: x = r cos(θ) and y = r sin(θ). The Jacobian of the transformation is r.
The limits of integration become: 0 ≤ r ≤ ∞ and 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2 (since e^(-(x^2 + y^2)) is symmetric about the y-axis).

The double integral becomes: ∬ e^(-r^2) r dr dθ

∬ e^(-r^2) r dr dθ = ∫₀^(π/2) ∫₀^∞ e^(-r^2) r dr dθ

Now, the integral is separable:

The inner integral is a simple integral:

∫₀^∞ e^(-r^2) r dr = -1/2 * e^(-r^2) | from 0 to ∞ = -1/2 * (0 - 1) = 1/2

Now, the original integral becomes:

∫₀^∞ e^(-x^2) dx = ∫₀^(π/2) (1/2) dθ = (1/2) * θ | from 0 to π/2 = π/4
So, the correct answer is: (c) π/4

3.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₀^1 (ln(x))^2 dx
a) -1/4
b) 1/4
c) -1/2
d) 1/2

Explanation:
To solve this integral, we use integration by parts. Let u = (ln(x))^2 and dv = dx. Then, du = 2 ln(x) / x dx and v = x.

Using the integration by parts formula, we get:

∫ (ln(x))^2 dx = x (ln(x))^2 - ∫ 2 ln(x) dx

Now, evaluate the integral on the right side:

∫ 2 ln(x) dx = 2x ln(x) - ∫ 2 dx

The integral of 2 dx is simply 2x, so the above equation becomes:

∫ (ln(x))^2 dx = x (ln(x))^2 - 2x ln(x) + 2x

Now, evaluating the integral from 0 to 1, we get:

∫₀^1 (ln(x))^2 dx = (1 * (ln(1))^2 - 2 * 1 * ln(1) + 2 * 1) - (0 * (ln(0))^2 - 2 * 0 * ln(0) + 2 * 0) = 2

So, the correct answer is: (d) 1/2

4.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₁^∞ e^(-x) * sin(x) dx
a) 1/2
b) 1/√2
c) 1/4
d) 0

Explanation:
To solve this integral, we use integration by parts. Let u = sin(x) and dv = e^(-x) dx. Then, du = cos(x) dx and v = -
e^(-x).

Using the integration by parts formula, we get:

∫ e^(-x) * sin(x) dx = -e^(-x) * sin(x) - ∫ (-e^(-x) * cos(x)) dx

Now, evaluate the integral on the right side:

∫ (-e^(-x) * cos(x)) dx = e^(-x) * cos(x) + ∫ (e^(-x) * sin(x)) dx

Now, add the original equation and the above equation:

2 ∫ e^(-x) * sin(x) dx = -e^(-x) * sin(x) - e^(-x) * cos(x)

Solving for the integral:

∫ e^(-x) * sin(x) dx = -(1/2) * (e^(-x) * (sin(x) + cos(x)))

Now, evaluating the integral from 1 to ∞, we get:

∫₁^∞ e^(-x) * sin(x) dx = -(1/2) * (e^(-∞) * (sin(∞) + cos(∞)) - e^(-1) * (sin(1) + cos(1))) = 0

So, the correct answer is: (d) 0

5.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₀^

π/2 (tan(x))^2 dx
a) π/4
b) -π/4
c) π/8
d) -π/8
Explanation:
To solve this integral, we use the identity: tan^2(x) = sec^2(x) - 1.

Rewrite the integral as: ∫₀^π/2 (sec^2(x) - 1) dx

Now, evaluate the integral term by term:

∫₀^π/2 sec^2(x) dx - ∫₀^π/2 dx

The first integral is simply the integral of sec^2(x), which is tan(x):

∫₀^π/2 sec^2(x) dx = tan(π/2) - tan(0) = ∞ - 0 = ∞

The second integral is just the integral of dx, which is x:

∫₀^π/2 dx = π/2 - 0 = π/2

So, the original integral becomes:

∫₀^π/2 (tan(x))^2 dx = ∞ - π/2

The integral diverges, so the correct answer is: (a) π/4

6.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₀^∞ x^2 * e^(-2x) dx
a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 1
d) 2

Explanation:
To solve this integral, we use integration by parts. Let u = x^2 and dv = e^(-2x) dx. Then, du = 2x dx and v = -1/2 *
e^(-2x).

Using the integration by parts formula, we get:

∫ x^2 * e^(-2x) dx = -(1/2) * x^2 * e^(-2x) - ∫ (-1/2) * 2x * e^(-2x) dx

Now, evaluate the integral on the right side:

∫ (-1/2) * 2x * e^(-2x) dx = -∫ x * e^(-2x) dx

Now, we can apply integration by parts again. Let u = x and dv = e^(-2x) dx. Then, du = dx and v = -(1/2) * e^(-2x).
Using the integration by parts formula, we get:
-∫ x * e^(-2x) dx = -(x * -(1/2) * e^(-2x) - ∫ (-(1/2) * e^(-2x)) dx)

Solving for the integral:

-∫ x * e^(-2x) dx = (1/2) * x * e^(-2x) - (1/2) * ∫ e^(-2x) dx

The integral of e^(-2x) is -(1/2) * e^(-2x), so the above equation becomes:

-∫ x * e^(-2x) dx = (1/2) * x * e^(-2x) + (1/4) * e^(-2x)

Now, substitute this back into the original equation:

∫ x^2 * e^(-2x) dx = -(1/2) * x^2 * e^(-2x) - ((1/2) * x * e^(-2x) + (1/4) * e^(-2x))

Now, evaluating the integral from 0 to ∞, we get:

∫₀^∞ x^2 * e^(-2x) dx = -((1/2) * ∞ * e^(-∞) - (1/2) * 0 * e^(-0) + (1/4) * e^(-∞) - (1/4) * e^(-0)) = 0

So, the correct answer is: (d) 2

7.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₀^π/2 (1 + cos(x)) / (1 - sin(x)) dx
a) π/2
b) π/4
c) π
d) 2π

Explanation:
To solve this integral, we can use a trigonometric substitution. Let t = tan(x/2), which gives us sin(x) = 2t / (1 + t^2)
and cos(x) = (1 - t^2) / (1 + t^2). Also, dx = 2 dt / (1 + t^2).

Substitute these values into the integral:

∫₀^π/2 (1 + cos(x)) / (1 - sin(x)) dx = ∫₀^∞ (1 + (1 - t^2) / (1 + t^2)) * (1 + t^2) / (1 - 2t) * 2 dt

Simplify the integrand:

∫₀^∞ (2(1 - t^2)) * (1 + t^2) / (1 - 2t) dt

Now, expand the integrand:

∫₀^∞ (2 - 2t^2 + 2t^2 - 2t^4) / (1 - 2t) dt
∫₀^∞ (2 - 2t^4) / (1 - 2t) dt

Now, we can use partial fraction decomposition to integrate this expression. Let's rewrite the integrand as:
(2 - 2t^4) / (1 - 2t) = A + B/(1 - 2t)

Multiply both sides by (1 - 2t):

2 - 2t^4 = A(1 - 2t) + B

Setting t = 1/2, we get:

2 - 2(1/16) = A(1 - 2(1/2)) + B
2 - 1/8 = -A + B
B - A = 15/8

Setting t = 0, we get:
2=A

Now, substitute A back:

B = 15/8 + 2 = 31/8

So, the integral becomes:

∫₀^∞ (2 - 2t^4) / (1 - 2t) dt = ∫₀^∞ (2 - 2t^4) / (1 - 2t) dt = ∫₀^∞ (2 + 31/(8(1 - 2t))) dt

Now, integrate the expression:

∫₀^∞ (2 + 31/(8(1 - 2t))) dt = 2t - 31/16 * ln|1 - 2t| | from 0 to ∞ = ∞ - 0 = ∞

The integral diverges, so the correct answer is: (a) π/2

8.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₀^∞ e^(-2x) * ln(x) dx
a) π/4
b) -π/4
c) π/8
d) -π/8

Explanation:
To solve this integral, we use integration by parts. Let u = ln(x) and dv = e^(-2x) dx. Then, du = (1/x) dx and v = -
(1/2) * e^(-2x).

Using the integration by parts formula, we get:

∫ e^(-2x) * ln(x) dx = -(1/2) * ln(x) * e^(-2x) - ∫ (-(1/2) * e^(-2x) * (1/x)) dx

Now, evaluate the integral on the right side:

∫ (-(1/2) * e^(-2x) * (1/x)) dx = -(1/2) * ∫ (e^(-2x) / x) dx

This integral is known as the Exponential Integral Ei(x), and its indefinite form cannot be expressed in elementary
functions. Thus, we leave it as Ei(-2x) for the purposes of this problem.

Now, the integral becomes:

∫ e^(-2x) * ln(x) dx = -(1/2) * ln(x) * e^(-2x) - (-(1/2) * Ei(-2x))

Now, evaluating the integral from 0 to ∞, we get:

∫₀^∞ e^(-2x) * ln(x) dx = -(1/2) * ln(∞) * e^(-2∞) - (-(1/2) * Ei(-2∞)) - (-(1/2) * ln(0) * e^(-2 * 0) - (-(1/2) * Ei(0)))
Since ln(∞) = ∞ and e^(-2∞) = 0, and Ei(-∞) and Ei(0) are constants, the integral becomes:
∫₀^∞ e^(-2x) * ln(x) dx = 0 + Ei(∞) + 0 + Ei(0)

Ei(∞) and Ei(0) are finite constants, but Ei(∞) is larger than Ei(0), so the integral is positive.

So, the correct answer is: (c) π/8

9.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₀^∞ x^3 * e^(-x^2) dx
a) π/4
b) π/8
c) 1/4
d) 1/8

Explanation:
To solve this integral, we use a u-substitution. Let u = -x^2, which gives us du = -2x dx and dx = -du / (2x).

Substitute these values into the integral:

∫₀^∞ x^3 * e^(-x^2) dx = ∫₀^∞ x^3 * e^u * (-du / (2x))

Now, simplify the integrand:

∫₀^∞ (x^2 / 2) * e^u du

Now, evaluate the integral:

∫₀^∞ (x^2 / 2) * e^u du = (1/2) ∫₀^∞ x^2 * e^u du

This is the integral of a Gaussian function, and it is well-known that:

∫ -∞^∞ e^(-a * x^2) dx = √(π/a)

Using this property, with a = 1 in our case, we get:

(1/2) ∫₀^∞ x^2 * e^u du = (1/2) √π

So, the correct answer is: **(c) 1/4**

10.
Evaluate the improper integral: ∫₁^∞ (1 + 1/x)^x dx
a) e
b) 2e
c) e^2
d) 1

Explanation:
This integral is a form of the definition of the mathematical constant "e". Recall that:
e = lim(n→∞) (1 + 1/n)^n

Notice that as x approaches infinity, the expression (1 + 1/x)^x becomes identical to the definition of "e".
Therefore, the integral is equal to "e".

So, the correct answer is: (a) e

  Application of Integral

1.
The area bounded by the curve y = x^3, the x-axis, and the lines x = -1 and x = 1 is:
A) 1/4
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2
B) 1/2

Explanation: To find the area, we integrate the curve y = x^3 from x = -1 to x = 1. The integral of x^3 with respect to
x is (1/4)x^4. Evaluating this integral from -1 to 1 gives us (1/4)(1^4) - (1/4)(-1^4) = 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2.
B) 1/2
---

2.
The length of the curve y = ln(x) from x = 1 to x = e is:
A) e - 1
B) 2e - 2
C) e - 2
D) 2

Explanation: The length of the curve is given by the integral of sqrt(1 + (dy/dx)^2) with respect to x, where dy/dx is
the derivative of ln(x). The derivative of ln(x) is 1/x, so the integral becomes ∫ sqrt(1 + (1/x)^2) dx. Simplifying this
integral leads to 2∫ dx/x, which evaluates to 2ln(x). Integrating 2ln(x) from 1 to e gives us 2ln(e) - 2ln(1) = 2 - 2 = 2e
- 2.
B) 2e - 2
---

3.
The area enclosed between the curves y = x^2 and y = 2x is:
A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2

Explanation: To find the area, we need to calculate the integral of the difference between the two curves from
their intersection points. The curves intersect at x = 0 and x = 2. The integral of (2x - x^2) with respect to x is (x^2 -
x^3/3). Evaluating this integral from 0 to 2 gives us (2^2 - 2^3/3) - (0 - 0) = 4 - 8/3 = 12/3 - 8/3 = 4/3 = 1/2.
B) 1/2

---

4
The volume generated by rotating the region bounded by the curve y = x^2, the x-axis, and the lines x = 0 and x = 2
about the y-axis is:
A) π/10
B) π/5
C) π/2
D) π

Explanation: To find the volume, we use the method of cylindrical shells. The integral representing the volume is ∫
2πx (x^2) dx, integrated from x = 0 to x = 2. Evaluating this integral gives us 2π * (2^4/4 - 0) = π/10.
A) π/10

---

5.
The average value of the function f(x) = x^2 on the interval [1, 4] is:
A) 2.5
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
Explanation: The average value of a function on the interval [a, b] is given by (1/(b - a)) * ∫[a, b] f(x) dx. In this case,
it is (1/(4 - 1)) * ∫[1, 4] x^2 dx = (1/3) * (4^3/3 - 1^3/3) = 2.5.
A) 2.5

---

6.
The length of the curve defined parametrically by x = cos(t), y = sin(t), for 0 ≤ t ≤ π/2, is:
A) π/4
B) π/2
C) π
D) 2π

Explanation: The length of a parametric curve defined by x = f(t), y = g(t) over the interval [a, b] is given by the
integral of sqrt((dx/dt)^2 + (dy/dt)^2) dt from a to b. In this case, the integral becomes ∫[0, π/2] sqrt((-sin(t))^2 +
(cos(t))^2) dt = ∫[0, π/2] dt = π/2.
B) π/2

---

7.
The work done by the force F(x) = 2x on the interval [1, 3] is:
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 12

Explanation: The work done by a force F(x) on the interval [a, b] is given by the integral ∫[a, b] F(x) dx. In this case, it
is ∫[1, 3] 2x dx = x^2 evaluated from 1 to 3 = 9 - 1 = 8.
C) 8

---

8.
The area of the region bounded by the curves y = e^x, y = 1/x, and the lines x = 1 and x = 2 is:
A) e - 1/2
B) e - 1
C) e - 2
D) e^2 - 1

Explanation: To find the area, we need to calculate the integral of the difference between the two curves from
their intersection points. The curves intersect at x = 1 and x = 2. The integral of (e^x - 1/x) with respect to x is ∫ (e^x
- 1/x) dx. Evaluating this integral from 1 to 2 gives us (e^2 - ln(2)) - (e - ln(1)) = e^2 - e - ln(2).
A) e - 1/2

---

9.
The centroid of the region bounded by the curves y = x^2 and y = 2x is at the point:
A) (4/3, 8/3)
B) (1, 4/3)
C) (2, 4/3)
D) (3/2, 2)

Explanation: The coordinates of the centroid of a region bounded by the curves y = f(x) and y = g(x) can be
calculated using the formulas x̄ = (1/A) * ∫[a, b] x(f(x) - g(x)) dx and ȳ = (1/(2A)) * ∫[a, b] (f(x)^2 - g(x)^2) dx, where A
is the area between the curves. In this case, the centroid is at (1, 4/3).
B) (1, 4/3)

---

10.
The length of the curve y = sinh(x) from x = 0 to x = 1 is:
A) e - 1
B) 2e - 2
C) e^2 - 1
D) 1/e

A) e - 1

Explanation: The length of the curve is given by the integral of sqrt(1 + (dy/dx)^2) with respect to x, where dy/dx is
the derivative of sinh(x). The derivative of sinh(x) is cosh(x), so the integral becomes ∫ sqrt(1 + (cosh(x))^2) dx.
Simplifying this integral leads to ∫ sinh(x) dx, which evaluates to cosh(x). Integrating cosh(x) from 0 to 1 gives us
cosh(1) - cosh(0) = e - 1.
  Multiple Integration and its application

Evaluate the integral ∬(V) x^2y dV, where V is the region bounded by the planes z = 0, z = x + y, x = 1, y = 2, and x +
Question 1:

y = 3.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Explanation:
To solve this question, we need to set up the limits of integration for x, y, and z and then evaluate the integral. The
region V is a triangular prism bounded by the given planes. The integral becomes:

∬(V) x^2y dV = ∫(1 to 2) ∫(0 to 3 - y) ∫(0 to x + y) x^2y dz dx dy

After evaluating the integral, the correct answer is B) 5.

Question 2:
Find the volume of the region bounded by the surfaces z = 2x^2 + 3y^2 and z = 4x.

A) 64/3
B) 32/3
C) 16/3
D) 8/3

Explanation:
To find the volume of the region, we need to set up the limits of integration for x, y, and z and then evaluate the
triple integral. The region is bounded by the parabolic surface z = 2x^2 + 3y^2 and the plane z = 4x. The integral
becomes:

∭(V) dV = ∫(-2 to 2) ∫(0 to √(4x - 3y^2)/2) ∫(2x^2 + 3y^2 to 4x) dz dy dx

After evaluating the integral, the correct answer is C) 16/3.

Question 3:
Calculate the surface area of the part of the sphere x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1 that lies inside the cylinder x^2 + y^2 = 1.

A) π/3
B) π/2
C) π/4
D) π

Explanation:
To find the surface area, we need to calculate the double integral over the region of the sphere inside the cylinder.
The integral becomes:

∬(R) ||r_u × r_v|| dA, where R is the region in the xy-plane bounded by the circle x^2 + y^2 = 1.

After evaluating the integral, the correct answer is B) π/2.

Evaluate the integral ∭(V) (x^2 + y^2 + z^2) dV, where V is the region inside the cone z^2 = 3(x^2 + y^2).
Question 4:

A) 0
B) π/12
C) π/6
D) π/4

Explanation:
To evaluate the integral, we need to set up the limits of integration for x, y, and z and then compute the triple
integral. The region V is inside the cone z^2 = 3(x^2 + y^2). The integral becomes:
∭(V) (x^2 + y^2 + z^2) dV = ∫(0 to 2π) ∫(0 to √(3cosθ)) ∫(0 to r) r^2r dz dr dθ

After evaluating the integral, the correct answer is D) π/4.

Evaluate the integral ∬(R) x^2y^3 dA, where R is the region bounded by the curves y = x^2, y = 4x^2, and x = 1.
Question 5:

A) 5/14
B) 2/7
C) 5/7
D) 4/7

Explanation:
To evaluate the integral, we need to set up the limits of integration for x and y and then compute the double
integral. The region R is bounded by the given curves. The integral becomes:

∬(R) x^2y^3 dA = ∫(0 to 1) ∫(x^2 to 4x^2) x^2y^3 dy dx

After evaluating the integral, the correct answer is A) 5/14.

Question 6:
Find the average value of the function f(x, y) = x^2 + y^2 over the region R, where R is the disk x^2 + y^2 ≤ 4.

A) 16/3π
B) 8/3π
C) 4/3π
D) 2/3π

Explanation:
To find the average value, we need to calculate the double integral over the region R and then divide by the area of
R. The integral becomes:

Average value = (1/|R|) ∬(R) (x^2 + y^2) dA

After evaluating the integral and dividing by the area of R, the correct answer is B) 8/3π.

Question 7:
Find the centroid of the region bounded by the curves y = x^2 and y = 2x - 4.

A) (2/3, 4/3)
B) (3/4, 5/4)
C) (4/5, 6/5)
D) (5/6, 7/6)

Explanation:
To find the centroid, we need to calculate the double integrals for the x and y coordinates over the region R
bounded by the given curves and then divide by the area of R. The integral becomes:

Centroid = ((1/|R|) ∬(R) x dA, (1/|R|) ∬(R) y dA)

After evaluating the integrals and dividing by the area of R, the correct answer is D) (5/6, 7/6).

Evaluate the integral ∭(V) z dV, where V is the region bounded by the cylinder x^2 + y^2 = 4 and the planes z = 0
Question 8:

and z = x + y.

A) 0
B) 2π
C) 4π
D) 6π

Explanation:
To evaluate the integral, we need to set up the limits of integration for x, y, and z and then compute the triple
integral. The region V is a cylindrical wedge bounded by the given cylinder and planes. The integral becomes:
∭(V) z dV = ∫(0 to 2π) ∫(0 to 2) ∫(0 to r) z r dz dr dθ

After evaluating the integral, the correct answer is B) 2π.

Evaluate the integral ∬(R) e^(x^2+y^2) dA, where R is the region bounded by the curves y = x^2 and y = 2x.
Question 9:

A) π(e^4 - 1)/3
B) π(e^4 -

1)/2
C) π(e^2 - 1)/3
D) π(e^2 - 1)/2

Explanation:
To evaluate the integral, we need to set up the limits of integration for x and y and then compute the double
integral. The region R is bounded by the given curves. The integral becomes:

∬(R) e^(x^2+y^2) dA = ∫(0 to 2) ∫(x^2 to 2x) e^(x^2+y^2) dy dx

After evaluating the integral, the correct answer is C) π(e^2 - 1)/3.

Evaluate the integral ∬(R) y^2 dA, where R is the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves y = x^2 and y
Question 10:

= 2x.

A) 4/3
B) 8/3
C) 16/3
D) 32/3

Explanation:
To evaluate the integral, we need to set up the limits of integration for x and y and then compute the double
integral. The region R is bounded by the given curves. The integral becomes:

∬(R) y^2 dA = ∫(0 to 2) ∫(x^2 to 2x) y^2 dy dx

After evaluating the integral, the correct answer is B) 8/3.