Science 9

Science – Grade 9
Quarter 4 – Self- Learning Module 7: Momentum and Impulse
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Geneena M. Villarico
Editor: Jocelyn A. Prado
Reviewers: Jocelyn A. Prado (Content and Language),
Aillen G. Sumagaysay (Technical)
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Jean Rean M. Laurente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, Ed. D.
Chief - Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Science 9
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 7
Momentum and Impulse
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 9 Self-Learning Module on Momentum and Impulse!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to
12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing
this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 9 Self-Learning Module on Momentum and Impulse.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that

you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at

hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and

skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:

1. distinguish between momentum and impulse;

2. analyze the factors that affect momentum; and
3. cite the importance of road signs through momentum.

PRETEST

Directions: Read and analyze the questions and choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about momentum?

A. It is a scalar quantity. C. A body at rest has zero momentum.
B. Its basic unit is kg m/s. D. It is the product of mass and velocity.

2. A bus and a car are travelling at the same velocity. Which of the two vehicles
has greater momentum?
A. the car C. cannot be determined
B. the bus D. both have the same momentum

3. Two identical cars are moving at different speeds and collided

with a tree as shown in the figure. Car A caused greater damage
on the tree than Car B. Why is this so?
A. Car A is moving faster therefore its impact force is higher.
B. Car A is moving slower therefore its impact force is higher.
C. Car B is heavier than Car A so it creates less damage.
D. None of these

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true about impulse?

A. Impacts can be decreased by increasing the time of contact.
B. Force applied in a certain time causes a change in momentum.
C. The impulse experienced by a body is equal to the change in its potential
energy.
D. In a collision, an object experiences a force for a specific amount of time
that results in a change in momentum.

5. Why should the driver reduce speed when he/she sees a “curve” road
sign?
A. They need to reduce speed to prepare to stop to prevent accidents to happen.
B. They need to reduce speed to gain more momentum to prevent accidents to
happen.
C. They need to reduce speed to lower the momentum to prevent accidents to
happen.
D. They need to reduce speed to increase the momentum to prevent accidents
to happen.
 RECAP
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct otherwise write False.

_______________1. A projectile follows a vertical path.

_______________2. The vertical acceleration of a projectile is equivalent to 9.8m/s 2.
_______________3. Projectile motion has two components, horizontal (x) and vertical (y).
_______________4. In Golf, to reach the longest horizontal range the player needs to
launch the golf ball at 10°.
_______________5. In projectile motion, the velocity and acceleration of the projectile is
perpendicular to each other at any point in the trajectory.

LESSON

In Grade 8, you learned that unbalanced forces cause stationary objects to

move which led us to define force as mass times acceleration. In Newton’s Second Law
of Motion, it is said that the greater the force applied the larger the acceleration of an
object. These concepts will help us understand Momentum.

The term momentum is a commonly used term in sports. When the announcer
says, “The team is gaining its momentum!” it means that the team is on the move and
is going to take some effort to stop. That is the same with other objects, if an object is
in motion (on the move) then it has momentum.

Momentum depends upon the variables mass and velocity. It is a vector

quantity. In terms of an equation, the momentum of an object is equal to the mass of
the object times the velocity of the object.

ρ=m●v
where: ρ – momentum
m – mass
v – velocity
The unit for momentum can be kg m/s; kg mi/hr; kg kph; g cm/s. In each of
these examples, a mass unit is multiplied by a velocity unit. The equation shows that
the momentum is directly proportional to mass and velocity.
Imagine a bus and car both moving
with the same speed. Which vehicle do you
think will not stop easily? And why?
If your answer is bus, then you are
correct! The greater the mass of a moving
object the greater the momentum, the greater
Fig 1. Moving bus and car the momentum and the harder it is to stop an
https://www.pinclipart.com/pindetail/iRibJiR_if-a-car- object in motion.
and-a-bus-are-moving/
 Consider riding a jeepney which is moving too
fast and then a passenger asked for the jeepney to
stop on the next street. What do you think will
happen?

The jeepney will need more time to slow down

and then stop. It is because an object moving with a
high speed has a very high momentum therefore it is
hard to stop.

The concept of momentum helps us to Fig 2. Jeepney

understand the tendency of moving objects to stop. https://ironwulf.net/2012/09/26/philippine-
These are the concepts you need to remember: jeepney-arts-festival-and-parade-2012/

• The faster the object is moving, the greater the momentum.

• The greater the mass of an object, the greater the momentum.
• The greater the momentum the harder the object to change motion or to stop.

Imagine playing the “Egg Volleyball” game

(Fig.3), with teams consisting of 2 students. Each pair
should have one large cloth or handkerchief. You will
compete with the other team that is 3 meters away
from you. Your goal is to have the egg travel back and
forth from each pair of students without breaking the
egg.

Do you think the handkerchief will be able to

protect the egg from breaking? Why or why not? The
Fig 3. Egg Volleyball answer is Yes! The cushioning effect of the
handkerchief allows the egg to have an increased time
of impact therefore lessening the impact of force on the egg. The soft-landing surface
lengthens the time of impact.

On the other hand, the egg will break immediately when it hits the ground
because of the hardness of the ground. This reduces impact time leading to an increase
in impact force.

To stop a moving object force is needed in a given period of time. The force and
the time of impact changes the momentum. The change in momentum is called
Impulse.

The impulse experienced by the object equals the change in momentum of the
object. In equation form:

F•t=m•Δv

where: F – force
t – time
m – mass
Δ v – change in velocity
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Crossword Puzzle

Objective: Distinguish between momentum and impulse.

Directions: Solve the crossword using the clues.
Activity 2: True or False

Objective: Analyze the factors that affect momentum.

Directions: The items in this test consist of two (2) statements labelled X and Y. In the
space provided at the end of each item, write

A. If X is true and Y is false C- if X and Y are true

B. If X is false and Y is true D- if X and Y are false
________ 1. Momentum ___________________.
X. is affected by mass and volume.
Y. The team that has the momentum is hard to stop.
________ 2. To increase the momentum, we need to ________________.
X. increase the velocity of the object.
Y. decrease the mass of the object.
________ 3. A body will gain greater momentum when _________________.
X. it will move slower.
Y. it will have a greater mass.
________ 4. To decrease the momentum, the object should____________________.
X. gain more mass.
Y. move with a higher speed.
________ 5. Impulse _____________________.
X. To stop an object moving you need to exert force.
Y. Impacts can be decreased by increasing the time of contact.

Activity 3: Road Signs

Objective: Cite the importance of road signs through momentum.

Direction: Name the road sign and write an arrow UP ↑ if the vehicle needs to
INCREASE speed in following the road signs otherwise write arrow DOWN ↓ if the
vehicles need to REDUCE speed to follow the road sign.

ANSWER MEANING ROAD SIGN

 WRAP-UP

Directions: Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate words given inside the box
to complete the paragraph.

force velocity momentum

mass times

change directly metric

Momentum depends upon the variables mass and ____________. In terms of an

equation, the momentum of an object is equal to the ____________ of the object times
the velocity of the object.

The equation illustrates that momentum is ________________ proportional to an

object's mass and directly proportional to the object's velocity. The units for
momentum would be mass unit ________ velocity units. The standard _______ unit of
momentum is the kg•m/s.
Impulse is the ___________ in momentum. The impulse experienced by the object
equals the __________ exerted in a period of time on the object. In equation form,
F•t=m•Δv. Impacts can be decreased by increasing the time of contact.
 VALUING

When you see sign like this: , the driver should

reduce speed of the vehicle. If he/she doesn’t reduce
speed, there will be a higher momentum so the car will be
having a hard time to stop or to change motion and
therefore be prone to accident.

Why do we need to follow traffic signs?

Sources: https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/references/guidelines_manuals/highway_safety_design_standards_manual

Answer:
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

Directions: Read and analyze the questions and choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which has more momentum, a large truck moving at 30 km/h or a small
truck moving at 30 km/h?
A. large truck C. both have the same momentum
B. small truck D. none of the above

2. Which of the following has the greatest momentum?

A. A boat sailing in the sea
B. A car going down the hill
C. An airplane parked on a hangar
D. A skater moving slowly on a flat road
3. Rayleigh is moving with a velocity of 2 m/s. After he bumped into another
person his velocity decreases. What causes the sudden change in his velocity?
A. acceleration C. inertia
B. impulse D. momentum
4. A Mars rover is tested on Earth at a speed of 25 km/h. When it travels as fast
on Mars, what will happen to its momentum?
A. increase C. decrease
B. remains the same D. depends on the gravity on Mars

5. Why should truck drivers not drive with a high speed?

A. Because it will lead to accident.
B. Because the truck will have a hard time to stop.
C. Because high speed and great mass cause great momentum.
D. All statements are correct.
WRAP-UP
Momentum depends upon the variables mass and velocity. In terms of an equation, the
momentum of an object is equal to the mass of the object times the velocity of the object.
The equation illustrates that momentum is directly proportional to an object's mass and directly
proportional to the object's velocity. The units for momentum would be mass unit times velocity
units. The standard metric unit of momentum is the kg•m/s.
Impulse is the change in momentum. The impulse experienced by the object equals the force
exerted in a period of time on the object. In equation form, F•t=m•Δv. Impacts can be decreased
by increasing the time of contact
Activity 3 Activity 1
Pre-Test Recap Activity 2 Post-Test
1. A 1. FALSE 1.B 1. A
2. B 2. TRUE 2.A 2. B
3. A 3. TRUE 3.B 3. B
4. C 4. FALSE 4.C 4. C
5. C 5. TRUE 5.C 5. D
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References
“Momentum Change and Impulse Connection” Accessed January 29, 2021 Momentum Change and
Impulse (physicsclassroom.com)
Science and technology IV: Physics Textbook. NISMED 2012. Pp 289 – 301
Figure 1: Fig 1. Moving bus and car Accessed February 19, 2021
https://www.pinclipart.com/pindetail/iRibJiR_if-a-car-and-a-bus-are-moving/
Fig 2. Jeepney Accessed February 19, 2021
https://ironwulf.net/2012/09/26/philippine-jeepney-arts-festival-and-parade-2012/

Photo: Road Signs, Accessed February 21, 2021 File:Philippines road sign W1-1 R.svg - Wikimedia
Commons
Photo: Crossword puzzle, Accessed February 21, 2021 Your Crossword Puzzle (theteacherscorner.net)
Teacher Icon, Accessed July 10,2020 https://www.bitmoji.com/