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Advanced Database Notes

The document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language) and its role in managing relational databases. It outlines four types of database languages: Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Control Language (DCL), and Transaction Control Language (TCL), each serving specific functions in data management and manipulation. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these languages in defining, accessing, and controlling data within a database system.

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4 views

Advanced Database Notes

The document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language) and its role in managing relational databases. It outlines four types of database languages: Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Control Language (DCL), and Transaction Control Language (TCL), each serving specific functions in data management and manipulation. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these languages in defining, accessing, and controlling data within a database system.

Uploaded by

synxerious28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Database Notes

What is SQL? (Structured Query Language)


- Is a database sublanguage used in querying, updating, and managing relational
databases.
- Can be used in formulating interactive queries or be embedded in an application as
instructions for handling data.
- In 1968, The American National Standards Institute published an SQL Standard.

Database Languages:

Data Manipulation Language (DML)


- is a set of special commands that allows us to access and manipulate data stored in
existing schema objects.
- These commands are used to perform certain operations such as insertion, deletion,
updating, and retrieval of the data from the database.
- These commands deal with the user requests as they are responsible for all types of
data modification. The DML commands that deal with the retrieval of the data are known
as Data Query language.

Data Definition Language (DDL)


- is a set of special commands that allows us to define and modify the structure and the
metadata of the database.
Data Control Language (DCL)
- is a set of special commands that are used to control the user privileges in the database
system.
Transaction Control Language (TCL)
● is a set of special commands that deal with the transactions within the database. A
transaction is a collection of related tasks that are treated as a single execution unit by
the DBMS software.
Conclusion:

● Database Language is a special type of programming language used to define and


manipulate a database.
● These are four different types: DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL
● DDL commands are used to alter/create schema and metadata of the database.
● DML commands are used to access and manipulate data stored in existing
schema objects.
● DML also contains the Data Query Language (DQL) commands that are used
to retrieve data from the database.
● DCL commands are used to control the user privileges in the database system.
● TCL commands deal with the transactions within the database.
● In practice, a combination of DDL, DML, and DCL commands is implemented in
the DBMS software.

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