5 marks (volume 1 and 2)

Question ELECTROSTATICS

1. (a) Define electric dipole moment. Derive the expression for the electric field of
a dipole at a point on the equatorial plane of the dipole. Is it a scalar or a vector?

2. (b) Draw the equipotential surfaces due to an electric dipole. Locate the points
where the potential due to the dipole is zero.

3. Using Gauss’ law, deduce the expression for the electric field due to a
uniformly charged spherical conducting shell of radius R at a point.

(i) Outside

(ii) Inside the shell.

Plot a graph showing the variation of the electric field as a function of r > R and r
< R (r is the distance from the centre of a shell)

4. .Deduce the expression for the torque acting on a dipole of dipole moment p in the
presence of a uniform electric field E

5. An electric dipole moment p is held in a uniform electric field E.

(i)Prove that no translation force acts on the dipole.
(ii)Hence, prove that the torque acting on the dipole is given by pE sin 0 indicating the
direction along which it acts

6. Two point charges + q and -2q are placed at the vertices B and C of an equilateral
triangle ABC of side a as given in the figure. Obtain the expression for (i) the magnitude
and (ii) the direction of the resultant electric field at the vertex A due to these two
charges.

7. Draw the shapes of the suitable Gaussian surfaces while applying Gauss’ law to
calculate the electric field due to
(i)a uniformly charged long straight wire.
(ii)a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet

8. .(i) Define electric flux. Write its SI unit.

(ii) A small metal sphere carrying charge + Q is located at the centre of a spherical cavity
inside a large uncharged metallic spherical shell as shown in the figure.Use Gauss’ law
to find the expressions for the electric field at points P l and P2.

Question MOVING CHARGERS and magnetism

1. Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive the expression for the magnetic field in the
vector form at a point on the axis of a circular current loop.
2. What does a toroid consist of? Find out the expression for the magnetic
field inside a toroid for N turns of the coil having the average radius r and
carrying a current I. Show that the magnetic field in the open space inside
the exterior of the toroid is zero.
3. Deduce the expression for the torque acting on a dipole moment p in the
presence of a uniform electric field
4. Consider two hollow concentric spheres S1 and S2 enclosing charges 2Q
and 4Q respectively. Thus find the ratio of the electric flux through them.
Also, tell how will the electric flux through the sphere S1 change if a
medium of dielectric constant ‘L’ is introduced into the space inside S1 in
place of air? Deduce the necessary expression.
5. Draw a labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. Briefly describe its
principle and functioning.
6. Answer the following-
(i) Why is it necessary to introduce a cylindrical soft iron core inside the coil
of a galvanometer?

(ii) Increasing the current sensitivity of a galvanometer may not necessarily

increase its voltage sensitivity. Explain, giving a reason

7. Deduce an expression for the frequency of revolution of a charged particle

in a magnetic field and show that it is independent of the energy of the
particle
8. (i) How is an electromagnet different from a permanent magnet?

(ii) Write two properties of a material which makes it suitable for making
electromagnet

9. (i) How does a diamagnetic material behave when it is cooled to very low
temperature?

(ii) Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation when

cooled? Explain
10. A wheel with 8 metallic spokes each 50 cm long is rotated with a speed of 120
rev/min in a plane normal to the horizontal component of the each’s magnetic
field. The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0.4 G and the angle of dip is 60°.
Calcu] ate the emf induced between the 3txle and the rim of wheel. How will the
value of emf be affected if the number of spokes were increased?
11. A circular coil of N turns and radius R carries a current I. It is unwound and
rewound to make another coil of radius R/2, current I remaining the same.
Calculate the ratio of the magnetic moments of the new coil and the original coil.
12. A circular coil of N turns and diameter d carries a current I. It is unwound and
rewound to make another coil of diameter 2d, current I remaining the same.
Calculate the ratio of the magnetic moments of the new coil and the original coil
13. Explain the following:
a. Why do magnetic lines of force form continuous closed loops?
b. Why are the field lines repelled (expelled) when a diamagnetic
material is placed in an external uniform magnetic field?
14. How does a circular loop carrying current behaves as a magnet?
15. A metallic rod of length / is rotated with a frequency v with one end hinged at the
centre and the other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius r
about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the
ring. A constant uniform magnetic field B parallel to the axis is present
everywhere. Using Lorentz force, explain how emf is induced between the centre
and the metallic ring and hence obtained the expression for it
16. (i) State Biot-Savart’s law in vector form expressing the magnetic field due to an
element dl carrying current 7 at a distance r from the element.
(ii) Write the expression for the magnitude of the magnetic field at the centre of a
circular loop of radius r carrying a steady current 7. Draw the field lines due to the
current loop
17. Two identical circular loops P and Q, each of radius r and carrying equal currents
are kept in the parallel planes having a common axis passing through O. The
direction of current in P is clockwise and in Q is anti-clockwise as seen from O
which is equidistant from the loops P and Q. Find the magnitude of the net
magnetic field at O.
18. .A circular coil of closely wound N turns and radius r carries a current 7. Write the
expressions for the following:
(i)The magnetic field at its centre.
(ii)The magnetic moment of this Coil
19. State Ampere’s circuital law. Show through an example, how this law enables an
easy evaluation of the magnetic field when there is a symmetry in the system?
20. (i) State Ampere’s circuital law expressing it in the integral form, (ii) Two long co-
axial insulated solenoids and S2 of equal length are wound one over the other as
shown in the figure.A steady current / flows through the inner solenoid S x to the
other end B which is connected to the outer solenoid through which the some
current / flows in the opposite direction so, as to come out at end A. If n x and
n2 are the number of turns per unit length, find the magnitude and direction of the
net magnetic field at a point
(a)inside on the axis and
(b)outside the combined system
21. A solenoid of length 1.0 m has a radius of 1 cm and has a total of 1000 turns
wound on it. It carries a current of 5 A. Calculate the magnitude of the axial
magnetic field inside the solenoid. If an electron was to move with a speed of
104 m/s along the axis of this current carrying solenoid, what would be the force
experienced by this electron?
22. A long straight wire of a circular cross-section of radius a carries a steady
current /. The current is uniformly distributed across the cross-section of the wire.
Use Ampere’s circuital law to show that the magnetic field due to this wire in the
region inside the wire increases in direct proportion to the distance of the field
point from the axis of the wire. Write the value of this magnetic field on the
surface of the wire.
23. Two very small identical circular loop(1) and (2) carrying equal current I are placed
vertically (with respect to the plane of the paper) with their geometrical axes
perpendicular to each other as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and
direction of the net magnetic field produced at the point O
24. State Biot-Savart’s law and give the mathematical expression for it. Use law to
derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a circular coil carrying current
at a point along its axis. How does a circular loop carrying current behave as a
magnet?
25. (i) Using Ampere’s circuital law, obtain the expression for the magnetic field due
to a long solenoid at a point inside the solenoid on its axis.
(ii) In what respect, is a toroid different from a solenoid? Draw and compare the
pattern of the magnetic field lines in the two cases.
(iii) How is the magnetic field inside a given solenoid made strong?
26. (i) State Ampere’s circuital law.
(ii) Use it to derive an expression for magnetic field inside along the axis of an air
cored solenoid.
(iii) Sketch the magnetic field lines for a finite solenoid. How are these field lines
different from the electric field lines from an electric dipole?
27. (i)Using Biot-Savart’s law, deduce an expression for the magnetic field on the axis
of a circular current carrying loop.
(ii) Draw the magnetic field lines due to a current carrying loop.
(iii) A straight wire carrying a current of 12 A is bent into a semi-circular arc of
radius 2.0 cm as shown in the figure. What is the magnetic field B at O due to
(a)straight segments,
(b)the semi-circular arc?
28. Considering the case of a parallel plate capacitor being charged, show how one is
required to generalise Ampere’s circuital law to include the term due to
displacement current
29. Define one tesla using the expression for the magnetic force acting on a particle
of charge q moving with velocity v in a magnetic field B.
30. A particle of charge q and mass m is moving with velocity It is subjected to a
uniform magnetic field B directed perpendicular to its velocity. Show that it
describes a circular path. Write the expression for its radius.

QUESTION NUCLIE
1. Draw the plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) as a function of mass
number A. Write two important conclusions that can be drawn regarding
the nature of nuclear force.
2. Use this graph to explain the release of energy in both the process of
nuclear fusion and fission.
Question WAVE OPTICS

1. Describe briefly how a diffraction pattern is obtained on a screen due to a

single narrow slit illuminated by a monochromatic source of light. Hence,
obtain the conditions for the angular width of secondary maxima and
secondary minima.
2. Two wavelengths of sodium light of 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to
study the diffraction taking place at a single slit of aperture 2 x 10 -8 m. The
distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m. Calculate the separation
between the position of the first maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained
in the two cases.
3. Define wavefront. Use Huygens’ principle to verify the laws of refraction.
4. How is linearly polarized light obtained by the process of scattering of
light? Find the Brewster angle for an air-glass interface when the refractive
index of glass = 1.5.
5. In Young’s double-slit experiment, describe briefly how bright and dark
fringes are obtained on the screen kept in front of a double slit. Hence,
obtain the expression for the fringe width.
6. The ratio of the intensities at minima to the maxima in Young’s double-slit
experiment is 9:25. Then find the ratio of the widths of the two slits.

Question OPTICS

1. Draw a ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope. State two advantages of

this telescope over a refracting telescope
2. Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the normal adjustment
position. State two drawbacks of this type of telescope
3. Draw a ray diagram of a compound microscope. Write the expression for its
magnifying power.
4. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the near point
position. Write the expression for its magnifying power
5. Draw a labelled ray diagram, showing the image formation of an astronomical
telescope in the normal adjustment position. Write the expression for its
magnifying powe

Question OPTICS

1. Two thin lenses of power -2D and 2D are placed in contact coaxially. What is the
focal length of the combination?
2. Write the relationship between angle of incidence ‘i’, angle of prism ‘A’ and angle
of minimum deviation for a triangular prism
3. When red light passing through a convex lens is replaced by light of blue colour,
how will the focal length of the lens change?
4. If the wavelength of light incident on a convex lens is increased, how will its focal
length change?
5. A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25 is
immersed in water of refractive index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a converging or
a diverging lens? Give reason
6. A ray of light passing through an equilateral triangular glass prism from air
undergoes minimum deviation when angle of incidence is 3/4 th of the angle of
prism. Calculate the speed of light in the prism.
7. Calculate the distance of an object of height h from a concave mirror of focal
length 10 cm, so as to obtain a real image of magnification 2
8. Find the radius of curvature of the convex surface of a plano-convex lens, whose
focal length is 0.3 m and the refractive index of the material of the lens is 1.5.
9. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave
lens of focal length 20 cm. Determine the power of the combination. Will the
system be converging or diverging in nature?
10. A ray of light, incident on an equilateral glass prism (µ g = √ ❑ 3 ) moves parallel to
the base line of the prism inside it. Find the angle of incidence for this ray.

11. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a combination of two thin convex
lenses in contact. Obtain the expression for the power of these terms of the focal
lengths of the lenses.
12. A ray of light passing from the air through an equilateral glass prism undergoes
minimum deviation when the angle of incidence is 3/4th of the angle of prism.
Calculate the speed of light in the prism.
 Question ATOMS

1. In hydrogen atom, an electron undergoes transition from 3rd excited state to the
first excited state and then to the ground state. Identify the spectral series to which
these transitions belong.
(ii) Find out the ratio of the wavelengths of the emitted radiations in the two cases
2. Using Bohr’s postulates of the atomic model, derive the expression for radius of nth
electron orbit. Hence obtain the expression for Bohr’s radius
3. The figure shows energy level diagram of hydrogen atom

(a) Find out the transition which results in the emission of a photon of wavelength
496 nm.
(b) Which transition corresponds to the emission of radiation of maximum
wavelength? Justify your answer.
4. Calculate the shortest wavelength of the spectral lines emitted in Balmer series.
[Given Rydberg constant, R = 107 m-1]
5. The energy level diagram of an element is given. Identify, by doing necessary
calculations, which transition corresponds to the emission of a spectral line of
wavelength 102.7 nm.

6. Using Bohr’s postulates, obtain the expressions for

(i) kinetic energy and
(ii) potential energy of the electron in stationary state of hydrogen atom. Draw the
 energy level diagram showing how the transitions between energy levels result in
the appearance of Lyman Series
7. (a) Draw a schematic arrangement of Geiger- Marsden experiment showing the
scattering of a-particles by a thin foil of gold. Why is it that most of the a-particles go
right through the foil and only a small fraction gets scattered at large angles?
Draw the trajectory of the a-particle in the coulomb field of a nucleus. What is the
significance of impact parameter and what information can be obtained regarding
the size of the nucleus?
(b) Estimate the distance of closest approach to the nucleus (Z = 80) if a 7.7 MeV a-
particle before it comes momentarily to rest and reverses its direction.
8. (a) Write two important limitations of Rutherford model which could not explain the
observed features of atomic spectra. How were these explained in Bohr’s model. of
hydrogen atom?
Use the Rydberg formula to calculate the wavelength of the Hα line.
(Take R = 1.1 × 107 m-1).
(b) Using Bohr’s postulates, obtain the expression for the radius of the n th orbit in
hydrogen atom
9. Using Bohr’s postulates, derive the expression for the total energy of the electron
revolving in nth orbit of hydrogen atom. Find the wavelength of H line, given value of
Ryderg constant, R = 1.1 × 107m-1.
10. Using Bohr’s postulates, derive the expression for the frequency of radiation
emitted when electron in hydrogen atom undergoes transition from higher energy
state (quantum number ni) to the lower state (nf).
When electron in hydrogen atom jumps from energy state ni = 4 to nf = 3, 2, 1,
identify the spectral series to which the emission lines belong.
11. Using Bohr’s postulates, derive the expression for the frequency of radiation
emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom undergoes the transition from a
higher energy state quantum number ni) to the lower state (nf). When electron
in hydrogen jumps from energy state ni = 4 to nr = 3,2,1, identify the spectral
series to which the emission lines belong
QUESTION SEMICONDUCTOR
1. Draw the circuit diagram showing how a p-n junction diode is
(i)forward biased
(ii)reverse biased.
How is the width of depletion layer affected in the two cases?[
2. Draw V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode. Answer the following questions,
giving reasons.
(i)Why is the current under reverse bias almost independent of the applied
potential up to a critical voltage?
(ii)Why does the reverse current show a sudden increase at the critical voltage?
Name any semiconductor device which operates under the reverse bias in the
breakdown region.
3. Draw a labelled diagram of a full -wave rectifier circuit. State its working
principle. Show the input-output wave forms
4. Draw a labelled diagram of a half -wave rectifier circuit. State its working
principle. Show the input-output wave forms
5. With the help of a suitable diagram, explain the formation of depletion region in a
p-n junction. How does its width change when the junction is
(i)forward biased and
(ii)reverse biased?
6. (i) With the help of circuit diagrams, distinguish between forward biasing and
reverse biasing of p-n junction diode.
(ii)Draw V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode in
(a)forward bias.
(b)reverse bias.
7. (i)State briefly the processes involved in the formation of p-n junction, explaining
clearly how the
depletion region is formed.
(ii)Using the necessary circuit diagrams, show how the V-I characteristics of a p-
n junction are obtained in (a) forward biasing (b) reverse biasing How are these
characteristics made use of in rectification?
8. (a) Explain with the help of diagram, how a depletion layer and barrier potential
are formed in a junction diode.
(b) Draw a circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier. Explain its working and draw
input and output waveforms
9. (i) Draw the typical shape of the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode both in
(a) forward(b)reverse bias configuration. How do we infer, from these
characteristics that a diode can be used to rectify alternating voltages?
(ii) Draw the circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier using a centre-tap transformer
and two p-n junction diodes. Give a brief description of the working of this circuit
10. .Write any two distinguishing features between conductors, semiconductors and
insulators on the basis of energy band diagrams. [All India 2014]32.Draw the
circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier using p-n junction diode. Explain its
working and show the output input waveforms
11. Draw the circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier using p-n junction diode. Explain
its working and show the output input wave forms
QUESTIONS DUAL NATURE
1. (i) Monochromatic light of frequency 5.0 x 1014 Hz is produced by laser.
The power emitted is 3.0 x 10′3 W. Estimate the number of photons emitted
per second on an average by the source.
(ii) Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current versus the
intensity of incident radiation on a given photosensitive surface
2. Two monochromatic radiations of frequencies v2 and v2(v1 >v2) and having the
same intensity are in turn, incident on a photosensitive surface to cause
photoelectric emission. Explain giving reason in which case (i) more number of
electrons will be emitted and (ii) maximum kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons will be more
3. Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current with collector plate
potential for two different frequencies, v2 >v1 of incident radiation having the
same intensity. In which case will the stopping potential be higher? Justify your
answer.The following graph shows the variation of stopping potential,
V0 with the frequency v of the incident radiation for two photosensitive
metals, X and Y:
a. Which of the metals has larger threshold wavelength? Give reason.
b. Explain giving reason, which metal gives out electrons having larger
kinetic energy. For the same wavelength of the incident radiation.
c. If the distance between light source and metal X is halved, how will
the kinetic energy of electrons emitted from it change? Give reason
4. State three important properties of photons which describe the particle
picture of electromagnetic radiation.

(ii) Use Einstein’s photoelectric equation to define the terms :

a. Stopping potential and

b. Threshold frequency
5. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation in terms of the stopping potential and the
threshold frequency for a given photosensitive material. Draw a plot showing the
variation of stopping potential versus the frequency of incident radiation
6. (i) Define the term stopping potential.
 (ii) Plot a graph showing the variation of photoelectric current as a
function of anode potential for two light beams of same intensity but
of different frequencies v1 and v2(v2 > v1).
7. Write three basic properties of photons which are used to obtain Einstein’s
photoelectric equation. Use this equation to draw a plot of maximum kinetic
energy of the electrons emitted versus frequency of incident radiation
8. Write the laws of Photoelectric Emission.
Questions EM WAVES
1. (i) How are electromagnetic waves produced?
(ii) How do you convince yourself that electromagnetic waves carry energy
and momentum?
2. (i) Name the EM waves which s suitable for radar systems used in aircraft
navigation. Write the range of frequency of these waves.
(ii) If the earth did not have atmosphere, would its average surface
temperature be higher or lower than what it is now? Explain.
(iii) An EM wave exerts pressure on the surface on which it is incident.
Justify.
3. Answer the following questions.

Name the EM waves which are used for the treatment of certain forms of
cancer. Write their frequency range.

Thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?

Why is the amount of the momentum transferred by the EM waves incident

on the surface so small?

4. Answer the following questions:

Show, by giving a simple example, how EM waves carry energy and

momentum.

How are microwaves produced? Why is it necessary in microwaves ovens

to select the frequency of microwaves to match the resonant frequency of
water molecules? Write two important uses of infrared waves

5. Identify the following electromagnetic radiations as per the wavelengths

given below. Write one application of each.

A) 10-3 nm b) 10-3 m c) 1 nm
CHAPTER ELECTROMAGNETIC iNDUCTION

1. Define mutual inductance between two long coaxial solenoids. Find out the
expression for the mutual inductance of inner solenoid of length / having the
radius rx and the number of turns per unit length due to the second outer solenoid
of same length and n2 number of turns per unit length.
2. Current in e circuit fails steadily bum AU A to 0.0 A in 10 ms. ii an average emf of
200 V is induced, then calculate the self-inductance of the Circuit.
3. (i) Draw a schematic sketch of an AC generator describing its basic elements.
State briefly its working principle. Show a plot of variation of (a) magnetic flux and
(b) alternating emf versus time generated by a loop of wire rotating in a magnetic
field, (ii) Why is choke coil needed in the use of fluorescent tubes with AC mains?
4. Define the coefficient of mutual induction. A long solenoid of length / and radius is
enclosed coaxially within another long solenoid of length l and radius r 2 (r2 >
r1 and >> r2). Deduce the expression for the mutual inductance of this pair of
Solenoids
5. (i) Draw a labelled diagram of AC generator and state its working principle
(ii)How is magnetic flux linked with the armature coil changed in a generator ?
(iii)Derive the expression for maximum value of the induced emf and state the rule
that gives the direction of the induced emf.
(iv)Show the variation of the emf generated versus time as the armature is rotated
with respect to the direction of the magnetic fields
6. State the working of AC generator with the help of a labelled diagram. The coil of
an AC generator having N turns, each of area A, is rotated with a constant angular
velocity to. Deduce the expression for the alternating emf generated in the coil.
What is the source of energy generation in this device?
7. Define the term self-inductance of a solenoid. Obtain the expression for the
magnetic energy stored in an inductor of self-inductance L to build up a current I
through it