e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:09/September-2024 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com
TRAFFIC DENSITY CONTROL WITH ANDROID OVERRIDE USING AVR
Shravani Walke*1, Utkarsha Rakshe*2, Rutuja Dube*3, Dipti Sapkal*4
*1,2,4Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Institute Of JSPM’s Bhivrabai
Sawant Polytechnic, Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
*3Guide, Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Institute Of JSPM’s Bhivrabai
Sawant Polytechnic, Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS61932
ABSTRACT
Traffic density control is a crucial aspect of modern transportation systems, especially in urban areas where
congestion is a significant challenge. This project focuses on developing an efficient traffic density control
system with an Android-based override mechanism, utilizing AVR (Advanced Virtual RISC) microcontroller
technology. The system is designed to monitor traffic flow at intersections, dynamically adjusting traffic light
durations based on real-time vehicle density data to minimize congestion and improve road safety.
Using infrared (IR) sensors or cameras, the system continuously collects data on vehicle presence and density
at various points of an intersection. The AVR microcontroller processes this data and makes intelligent
decisions about traffic light control. In scenarios of heavy traffic, the Android application allows manual
override, giving traffic authorities real-time control over traffic signals via a mobile interface. This feature is
particularly useful in emergency situations, such as when an ambulance or VIP convoy needs to pass.
The integration of Android for manual override provides flexibility, while the AVR microcontroller ensures
reliable and efficient automation. This project aims to reduce wait times, optimize traffic flow, and enhance the
overall efficiency of urban traffic management systems.
Keywords: Traffic Density Control, AVR Microcontroller, Android Override, Real-time Traffic Monitoring,
Embedded Traffic System.
I. INTRODUCTION
Traffic density control with Android override using AVR involves managing and optimizing traffic flow based on
real-time vehicle data. AVR microcontrollers are used to process inputs from sensors that monitor traffic
density. Based on this data, the system adjusts traffic lights dynamically. The Android interface allows for
remote monitoring and manual override of the system, providing flexibility and better traffic management. This
approach helps reduce congestion, improve traffic efficiency, and enhance road safety.
II. METHODOLOGY
Problem Statement
Urban traffic congestion is exacerbated by static traffic light systems that are unable to respond to real-time
traffic fluctuations. This results in:
- Unnecessary delays for vehicles at low-density intersections.
- Increased congestion at high-density intersections during peak hours.
- Fuel wastage and pollution due to idling vehicles.
- Inability to prioritize emergency vehicles efficiently.
There is a need for an adaptive traffic control system that can respond to real-time conditions and offer manual
control for special circumstances.
Objectives
The primary objectives of the system are:
- To dynamically adjust traffic signals based on real-time traffic density.
- To enable remote monitoring and manual override of traffic signals via an Android app.
- To provide traffic priority for emergency vehicles and other special cases.
- To reduce traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and air pollution.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:09/September-2024 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com
System Architecture
The system is composed of several key components:
AVR Microcontroller
- Acts as the core processing unit.
- Receives inputs from sensors (e.g., ultrasonic or infrared) installed at intersections to detect vehicle density.
- Processes sensor data and adjusts traffic light durations dynamically.
Traffic Density Sensors
Infrared or Ultrasonic Sensors: Placed at different points of the intersection to monitor the number of
vehicles.
- Data from these sensors are sent to the AVR microcontroller.
Android Interface
- A mobile application developed to monitor real-time traffic conditions.
- Allows manual override of traffic signals in special cases (e.g., for ambulances).
- Enables remote access and control over the traffic management system.
Communication Interface
Wireless Modules (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GSM): Facilitates communication between the AVR microcontroller
and the Android application.
Data Collection from Sensors
- Sensors detect traffic density by counting the number of vehicles at a given time.
- Data is transmitted to the AVR microcontroller for processing.
Signal Processing with AVR
- The AVR microcontroller calculates the traffic density at each intersection and adjusts the timing of traffic
lights accordingly.
- It uses predefined algorithms to optimize traffic signal duration based on real-time conditions.
Android-Based Override
- The Android app provides an interface for traffic authorities to manually override the system when
necessary.
- It displays real-time traffic data and allows for manual changes to signal timing or priority control for
emergency vehicles.
Implementation
Hardware Setup
- Sensors are deployed at intersections to monitor traffic density.
- The AVR microcontroller is connected to traffic lights and sensors for processing inputs and controlling the
lights.
Software Development
Microcontroller Programming: The AVR is programmed to collect sensor data, process it, and adjust signal
timing based on traffic conditions.
Android Application: An app is developed for real-time monitoring and control. It communicates with the AVR
via wireless modules (e.g., Bluetooth or GSM).
Integration
- The system integrates the hardware and software components to allow dynamic control of traffic lights
based on vehicle density, with the option for manual override via the Android interface.

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[3263]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:09/September-2024 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com

Fig 1: Actual Diagram

Hardware components in Project:
1) Avr Family Microcontroller
2) IR Sensors
3) Bluetooth Modem
4) Transformer
5) Resistors
6) Capacitor
7) Diode
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 Simulate varying traffic conditions and measure the system’s response time in adjusting signal durations.
 Conduct field testing to compare the system’s performance against traditional fixed-timing traffic lights in
terms of:
1) Reduction in waiting time.
2) Traffic flow improvement.
3) Fuel consumption reduction.
4) Environmental impact (reduced emissions).
IV. CONCLUSION
The proposed traffic density control system with Android override using AVR microcontrollers is a significant
step towards intelligent traffic management. By dynamically adjusting traffic signals based on real-time traffic
data and allowing manual overrides for emergency situations, the system can help reduce congestion, fuel
consumption, and pollution, while improving overall road safety and efficiency. With further enhancements, this
approach can be a cornerstone of smart traffic management in modern cities.
V. REFERENCES
[1] Barnett, R., Cox, S., & O’Cull, L. (2004). Embedded C Programming and the Atmel AVR. Delmar Cengage
Learning.
[2] Sadiq, A. A., Olatinwo, S. O., & Rafiu, I. K. (2020). Microcontroller-Based Traffic Light Control System for
Roads Intersections. Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 12(3), 45-52.
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[3264]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:09/September-2024 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com
[3] Kolhatkar, N. B., & Khose, P. K. (2018). Real-Time Traffic Signal Control using Embedded Systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 7(8), 1-4.
[4] Raman, B. K. A., & Poonguzhali, N. (2019). Development of a Traffic Light Control System using Arduino
and Android. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), 17(2), 110-
115.
[5] Gowrishankar, S., & Kumar, T. S. (2016). Intelligent Traffic Light Control Using Image Processing and
Embedded Systems. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and
Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), IEEE, 1-6.

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