Solution

NEET CHEM 04

NEET-UG - Chemistry

1.
(b) increase
Explanation:
i. Pressure will increase in the forwarded reaction and the number of moles of the products increase.
ii. Pressure will increase in the backward reaction and the number of moles of the products decrease.
iii. The change in pressure will have no effect on the equilibrium constant and there will be no change in the no. of moles.

2.
(c) Normal melting point and Freezing point
Explanation:
These are normal melting point and freezing point since they are measured at atmospheric pressure.

3.
(d) C aC O (s) ⇌ C aO(s) + C O
3 2 (g)

Explanation:
C aC O3 (s) ⇌ C aO(s) + C O2 (g)

For the given reaction, equilibrium constant can be written as:

[ Ca O(s)][C O2 (g)]
Kc =
[ Ca C o3 (s)]
, Where [CaO(s)] = 1, [CaCO3(s) = 1
Therefore, Kc = [CO2(g)]

4.
(c) 1.8 atm
Explanation:
CO2 + C → 2CO
t = 0, 0.5, 0
t = t, 0.5-x, 2x
Ptotal = 0.5 - x + 2x = 0.8
i.e. x = 0.3 atm
2
( Pco ) 0.6×0.6
i.e. K = Pco2
=
0.2
= 1.8atm

5.
(c) 1 + x
Explanation:
N2O4 ⇌ 2NO2

t=0 1 0

t=t 1-x 2x
total moles at eqm(t = t) = 1 - x + 2x = 1+ x

6. (a) equilibrium
Explanation:
At equilibrium, the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation.
It may be represented by H2O (l) ⇌ H2O (vap)
The double half arrows indicate that the processes in both the directions are going on simultaneously. The mixture of reactants
and products in the equilibrium state is called an equilibrium mixture.

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 7.
(d) 108y5
Explanation:
2+ 3−
C a3 (P O4 )2 = 3C a + 2P O
4
y 3y
2y

Solubility product = K sp = [C a2+ ] [P O

3 3− 2

4
] = (3y )
3 2
(2y ) = 108y
5

8. (a) increasing the total pressure

Explanation:
The equilibrium reaction for dissociation of H2 into H atoms is as follows:
H2 ⇌ H+H.
Since a number of atoms on the reactant side and product side are the same, therefore, change in pressure has no effect on the
position of equilibrium.
9.
0
(d) ΔG = 0
Explanation:
we know that ΔG = −RT ln K 0

for the stage of half completion of the reaction A ⇌ B.

Therefore K = 1
[A] = [B]
0
ΔG = −RT ln 1

0
ΔG = 0

10.
(b) lowering the activation energy
Explanation:
Catalysts increase the rate of the reaction without being used up. They do this by lowering the activation energy needed. With
a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases.
"A catalyst provides an alternative route for the reaction with lower activation energy."

11.
4 6 4 5
(d) Kc = [ NO] [ H2 O] / [ NH3 ] [ O2 ]
Explanation:
stoichiimetry
[products]
Kc is equilibrium constant = stoichiimetry
[reactant]

4 6 4 5
Kc = [ NO] [ H2 O] / [ NH3 ] [ O2 ]

12.
(c) 11.31
Explanation:
KOH → K+ + OH- (As KOH undergoes complete ionization)
⇒ [OH-] = [KOH] = 0.02
Now, Kw = [H+] [OH-]⇒ [H
Kw −14
+ 10 −12
] = = = 5 × 10
− 0.02
[OH ]

⇒ pH of KOH = - log [5 × 10-12] = 12 - log 5 = 12 - 0.699 ≈ 11.31

13. (a) dynamic equilibrium

Explanation:
Ice and water kept in a perfectly insulated thermos flask at 273K and the atmospheric pressure are in an equilibrium state and
the system shows interesting characteristic features. The mass of ice and water do not change with time and the temperature

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 remains constant. However, the equilibrium is not static. The intense activity can be noticed at the boundary between ice and
water. Molecules from the liquid water collide against ice and adhere to it and some molecules of ice escape into the liquid
phase. There is no change of mass of ice and water, as the rates of transfer of molecules from ice into water and of reverse
transfer from water into the ice are equal at atmosphere pressure and 273K.
14.
(d) adding heat
Explanation:
adding the heat will shift the equilibrium to the right.
H2S → H2+S

15. (a) equilibrium constant

Explanation:
Let us consider a general reversible reaction:
A+B⇌C+D
where A and B are the reactants, C and D are the products in the balanced chemical equation.
On the basis of experimental studies of many reversible reactions, opposed in 1864 that the concentrations in an equilibrium
mixture are related by the following equilibrium equation, Kc = [C] [D] /[A] [B]
Where Kc is the equilibrium constant and the expression on the right side is called the equilibrium constant expression.

16.
(b) making available a new low energy pathway
Explanation:
A catalyst increases the rate of the chemical reaction by making available a new low energy pathway for the conversion of
reactants to products. It increases the rate of forward and reverse reactions that pass through the same transition state and does
not affect equilibrium. Catalyst lowers the activation energy for the forward and reverse reactions by exactly the same amount.
Catalyst does not affect the equilibrium composition of a reaction mixture. It does not appear in the balanced chemical equation
or in the equilibrium constant expression.

17.
(d) 100° C
Explanation:
Water and water vapour are in equilibrium position at atmospheric pressure (1.013 bar) and at 100°C in a closed vessel. The
boiling point of water is 100°C at 1.013 bar pressure. For any pure liquid at one atmospheric pressure (1.013 bar), the
temperature at which the liquid and vapours are at equilibrium is called the normal boiling point of the liquid. The boiling point
of the liquid depends on the atmospheric pressure.

18.
(d) 5 × 10-10
Explanation:
5 × 10-10

19.
(b) 0.04
Explanation:
The second equation can be obtained by reversing the 1st reaction.
1/2 1/2
K1 = [HI ]/[H2 ] × [12]

squrare the equation

2
K1 = [HI ] /[H2 ] × [I2 ] ......... (1)
K2 = [H2 ] × [I2 [/[HI ] ......... (2)
From eq (1) and (2)
(K1 )2 = 1/K2

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 (5.2)2 = 1/K2
K2 = 1/27.04 = 0.0369

20.
(d) 6.699
Explanation:
pH=5 means the solution is acidic. On dilution, it will remain acidic. However, acidic character decreases so much that it is
almost neutral (pH=5 means [H+] = 10-5M). After dilution, [H+] = ; [H+] from H2O cannot be neglected.
−5
10 −7
= 10 M
100

Hence total [H+] = 10-7 + 10-7 = 2 × 10-7 M

⇒ pH=-log(2 × 10-7 ) = 7-0.3010=6.699

21.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
If the volume is kept constant and an inert gas such as argon is added which does not take part in the reaction, the equilibrium
remains undisturbed.

22. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Adding a common ion prevents the weak acid or weak base from ionizing as much as it would without the added common ion.
The common ion effect suppresses the ionization of a weak acid by adding more of an ion that is a product of this equilibrium.
So, the addition of CH3​COONa to CH3​COOH increases the pH of the solution but the addition of NH4​Cl to NH4​OH decreases
the pH of the solution.
23.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
3
p × pN 3
H2 2 (atm) ( atm)
2
Kp = = = (atm)
pNH 2
3 (atm)

or Δn = 4 - 2 = 2
Unit of Kp for given reaction = (atm)2.

24.
(c) All of these
Explanation:
Electrochemical processes for the extraction of highly reactive metals and non-metals, manufacturing of chemical compounds
like caustic soda, operation of dry and wet batteries and corrosion of metals fall within the range of redox processes.

25. (a) -2
Explanation:
Oxygen is the most electronegative element. Oxygen has 6 electrons in its outermost shell and to gain noble gas configuration
oxygen has to take 2 more electrons.
26.
(c) Unpaired electrons
Explanation:
For any salt or solution to exhibit any colour, the central atom of the compound should have at least an unpaired d electron in it.
This unpaired d electron is responsible for its colour in the solutions and salts.

27.
(c) -2,-2

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 Explanation:
In general carbon molecule have 4 valence electrons and in ethylene molecule (H2C = CH2) each carbon atom is surrounded by
6 valence electron so by calculating its oxidation number we will get 4 - 6= -2. so, thats why carbon have -2,-2 oxidation
number.

28. (a) reduction process

Explanation:
CH2 = CH2 + H - H → H3C - CH3
(Addition of hydrogen)
Because of the addition of hydrogen, there occurs reduction of ethene.
29.
(b) The oxidation number of hydrogen is always +1.
Explanation:
Normally hydrogen's oxidation number is +1, except for when it is part of a binary compound (2 elements) along with a metal.
For example, LiH, NaH, CaH​2, all have hydrogen with oxidation number -1.

30.
(b) colourless
Explanation:
colourless

31.
(d) an acid as well as an oxidant
Explanation:
sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong acid, signifying that it fully dissociates into H3O+ and HSO4- in an aqueous environment (the
bisulfate ion is amphiprotic, but usually behaved as a weak bronsted acid given it's feeble alkalinity).
Now, consider some oxidizing agents: F2, O2, Cl2, etc. All of these species are driven by high electronegativities/electron

affinities, a result of quantum mechanical effects that contribute to the properties of these agents. However, the H+ (H3O+) ion
is essentially a naked proton, resulting in an extremely dense positive charge; this will force it's reduction by more
electropositive species by either physical gaining of electrons or the sharing of a lone pair.
Furthermore, the bisulfate/sulfate ion is capable of forming entropically preferable compounds due to the presence of oxygen,
another powerful oxidizing agent.

32. (a) anode to cathode

Explanation:
In Daniell cell, electrons flow from anode to cathode and current flows from cathode to anode.
33.
(d) agar-agar
Explanation:
A solution of potassium chloride or ammonium nitrate is solidified by boiling with agar-agar and later cooling to a jelly like
substance.

34.
(d) self indicator
Explanation:
In redox titrations, the reagent which itself is intense in colour, e.g. permanganate ion, M nO , acts as self indicator.
−

35. (a) zero to +5

Explanation:

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 In Br2 oxidation number of Br is 0 while in BrO3 -Br has an oxidation number of +5 as each O carries a -2 charge and the net
charge is -1.

36. (a) Ag and Fe3+

Explanation:
2Ag → 2Ag+1 + 2e- E =- 0.80 V
⊖

2Fe3+ + 2e- → 2Fe+2 E = +0.77 V

⊖

On adding the values we get,

E cell = -0.03 V
⊖

E a cell is an electromotive force (also called cell voltage or cell potential) between two half-cells. The greater the
⊖

E a cell of a reaction the greater the driving force of electrons through the system, the more likely the reaction will proceed.
⊖

Thus, the reaction will not proceed as standard cell potential is less than zero.
37.
(c) by the titration method using a redox-sensitive indicator.
Explanation:
Because a redox indicator (also called an oxidation-reduction indicator) is an indicator which undergoes a definite colour
change at a specific electrode potential.

38.
(c) Chromium being reduced
Explanation:

39. (a) All alkali metals

Explanation:
A common characteristic of most Alkali metal is their ability to displace H2 (g) from water. This is represented by their large,
negative electrode potentials. In this event, the Group 1 metal is oxidized to its metal ion, and water is reduced to form
hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions. The general reaction of an alkali metal (M) with H2O (l) is given in the following equation:
2M(s) + 2H2O(l) ⟶ 2M + (aq) + 2OH−(aq) + H2(g)
From this reaction it is apparent that OH- is produced, creating a basic or alkaline environment. Group 1 elements are called
alkali metals because of their ability to displace H2 (g) from water and create a basic solution. Alkali metals are also known to
react violently and explosively with water. This is because enough heat is given off during the exothermic reaction to ignite the
H2(g).

40. (a) I2 < Br2 < Cl2 < F2

Explanation:
Halogens have high electronegativity and electron affinity. They have a greater tendency to accept electrons or easily reduced,
therefore they are a strong oxidizing agent.
As the reduction potential decrease down the group, the oxidizing power decrease down the group the order of the oxidizing
power will be as under
F2 > Cl2> Br2> I2
The oxidizing power depends on,
The heat of dissociation of halogen molecule.
Electron affinity of the atom.
Hydration energy of the ion.
Heat of vaporization
If a halogen has low energy of dissociation, a high electron affinity, and higher hydration of its ion, it will have high oxidizing
power.

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 F has although low electron affinity than Cl but low dissociation energy and has high hydration energy of its ion, therefore
Fluorine is the strongest oxidizing agent.
41. (a) +1 or any positive number
Explanation:
This is according to the rules of assigning oxidation numbers i.e., Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine have positive oxidation numbers
when combined with oxygen, for example in oxoacids and oxoanions.
42. (a) Oxide ion donates a pair of electrons.
Explanation:
In water Na2O dissociates as -

Na2O + H2O → 2Na+ + O2-

The oxide ion formed can form hydrogen bonds with water and is stabilized. Thus it is easy for Na2O and all other oxides to
dissolve in water as it brings about further stability in the system.
43. (a) Ag2S
Explanation:
Ag2S

44.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
A redox couple is defined as a pair of compounds or elements having together the oxidised and reduced forms of it and taking
part in an oxidation or reduction half-reaction.

45. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2H2O2 (ag) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g).

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