Scribd
Upload
10 views3 pages

Digtal Transducer

Digital transducers convert physical quantities into coded digital signals without introducing quantization errors. The document discusses various types of digital transducers, including shaft encoders, which can be absolute or incremental, and their applications in measuring angular position and velocity. It also outlines techniques for producing digital outputs from transducers, such as synchro devices and laser beam instruments.

Uploaded by

Neelam Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views3 pages

Digtal Transducer

Digital transducers convert physical quantities into coded digital signals without introducing quantization errors. The document discusses various types of digital transducers, including shaft encoders, which can be absolute or incremental, and their applications in measuring angular position and velocity. It also outlines techniques for producing digital outputs from transducers, such as synchro devices and laser beam instruments.

Uploaded by

Neelam Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

5.6 Digital Transducers

A transducer measures physical quantity and transmits the information as coded digital
signals rather than as continuously varying currents or voltages.

Any transducer that presents information as discrete samples and that does not
introduce a quantization error when the reading is represented in the digital form may
be classified as a digital transducer.

Most transducers used in digital systems are primarily analogue in nature and
incorporate some form of conversion to provide the digital output.

Many special techniques have been developed to avoid the necessity to use a
conventional analogue- to-digital conversion technique to produce the digital signal.

This article describes some of the direct methods which are in current use of producing
digital outputs from transducers. Some of the techniques used in transducers which are
particularly adaptable for use in digital systems are introduced.

The uses of encoder discs for absolute and incremental position measurement and to
provide measurement of angular speed are outlined.

The application of linear gratings for measurement of translational displacement is


compared with the use of Moire fringe techniques used for similar purposes.

Synchro devices are briefly explained and the various techniques used to produce a
digital output from synchro resolvers are described.

Brief descriptions of devices which develop a digital output from the natural frequency
of vibration of some part of the transducer are presented.

Digital techniques including vortex flowmeters and instruments using laser beams are
also briefly dealt with.

Some of them are as follows:

• Shaft Encoders
• Digital Resolvers
• Digital Tachometers
• Hall Effect Sensors
BE3252 BASIC ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

• Limit Switches
Shaft Encoders:

An encoder is a device that provides a coded reading of a measurement. A Shaft


encoder can be one of the encoders that provide digital output measurements of
angular position and velocity.

This shaft encoders are excessively applicable in robotics, machine tools, mirror
positioning systems, rotating machinery controls (fluid and electric), etc. Shaft
encoders are basically of two types-Absolute and Incremental encoders.

An "absolute" encoder maintains position information when power is removed from


the system. The position of the encoder is available immediately on applying power.
The relationship between the encoder value and the physical position of the
controlled machinery is set at assembly; the system does not need to return to a
calibration point to maintain position accuracy.

An "incremental" encoder accurately records changes in position, but does not


power up with a fixed relation between encoder state and physical position. Devices
controlled by incremental encoders may have to "go home" to a fixed reference point
to initialize the position measurement. A multi-turn absolute rotary encoder includes
additional code wheels and gears.

A high-resolution wheel measures the fractional rotation, and lower-resolution


geared code wheels record the number of whole revolutions of the shaft.

An absolute encoder has multiple code rings with various binary weightings which
provide a data word representing the absolute position of the encoder within one
revolution. This type of encoder is often referred to as a parallel absolute encoder.

An incremental encoder works differently by providing an A and a B pulse output


that provide no usable count information in their own right. Rather, the counting is
done in the external electronics.

The point where the counting begins depends on the counter in the external
electronics and not on the position of the encoder.

BE3252 BASIC ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING


ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

To provide useful position information, the encoder position must be referenced to


the device to which it is attached, generally using an index pulse.

The distinguishing feature of the incremental encoder is that it reports an


incremental change in position of the encoder to the counting electronics.

Fig 5.6.1 Shaft Encoders

BE3252 BASIC ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

You might also like