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Computer Project PDF

The document outlines a project on a Railway Reservation System developed using Python and MY-SQL, detailing its aim, coding process, and file handling techniques. It includes acknowledgments, an introduction to Python, and the significance of modules in programming. Additionally, it provides insights into Indian Railways and the requirements for the project.

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ketan7777
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19 views38 pages

Computer Project PDF

The document outlines a project on a Railway Reservation System developed using Python and MY-SQL, detailing its aim, coding process, and file handling techniques. It includes acknowledgments, an introduction to Python, and the significance of modules in programming. Additionally, it provides insights into Indian Railways and the requirements for the project.

Uploaded by

ketan7777
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER PROGRAM

TOPIC:
RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY: AARAV.K.VORA


CLASS: XII A
INDEX
1. Certificate

2. Acknowledgements

3. Declaration

4. Aim

5. Coding with Screenshots

6. Requirements

7. Bibliography
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to express my immense gratitude to my
Principal Respected. Bro. Robert lourdusamy and the school
management for providing me proper facility and opportunity
to do this project.
I would also like to thank my computer teacher, Mr. John
Stephen, for his kind guidance and help he provided me
during the course of completing this project.
I also thank my parents, friends and classmates who gave their
ideas and inputs that helped me in this project. Their support
made this project fruitful.
- Aarav K Vora
AIM

Write a program using Python and MY-SQL


connectivity for Railway Reservation
INTRODUCTION

This project introduces railway reservation


system. It explains how reservation is
being done in Indian Railways. The step by
step procedure is explained.
Proper comments have been given at
desired location to make the project user
friendly. Various functions and structures
are used to make a complete use of this
language, this project is well versed with
the programming. Railway reservation can
easily accompany with the help of this.
ABOUT PYTHON

Python is a high level, object-oriented programming language. It


was developed in 1991 by Guido Van Rossum. Its syntax is
similar to the English Language and that is why it enhances code
readability. It uses indentation for defining scopes of loops if-else
construct, class, etc.

Python Logo -File Handling in Python

Python can be used to create server-side applications.

Python can help to do task automation using scripting.

Python is used to create stand-alone applications.

Python is used in Big Data, data science, Machine


Learning……….

Actually, the list can go on and on. This defines the power of
Python as a programming language. Hence it becomes very
important to learn how to write to a file using python and then
read from the same file. Python is an interpreted, object-oriented,
high-level programming language with dynamic semantics. Its
high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing
and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid
Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue
language to connect existing components together.

Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and


therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python
supports modules and packages, which encourages program
modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the
extensive standard library are available in source or binary form
without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely
distributed.

Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of the


increased productivity it provides. Since there is no compilation
step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly fast. Debugging
Python programs is easy: a bug or bad input will never cause a
segmentation fault. Instead, when the interpreter discovers an
error, it raises an exception. When the program doesn't catch the
exception, the interpreter prints a stack trace. A source level
debugger allows inspection of local and global variables,
evaluation of arbitrary expressions, setting breakpoints, stepping
through the code a line at a time, and so on.
The debugger is written in Python itself, testifying to Python's
introspective power.
On the other hand, often the quickest way to debug a program is
to add a few print statements to the source: the fast edit-testdebug
cycle makes this simple approach very effective.

A recent survey established the Python language to be the fifth


most popular, behind JavaScript, SQL, Java, and C#. According
to the 2017 Stack Overflow survey, nearly 32% of developers use
it, and a further 20% want to do so. The usage is up from 22%
reported in the first Stack Overflow survey, which ran in 2013.

The survey also reports Python to be the sixth most loved


language (behind Rust, Smalltalk, TypeScript, Swift, and Go),
and I think it’s interesting to note that Python is the top
language that is both used and loved.
(the other languages that are loved are mostly aspirational, for
example, TypeScript is used by just 9.5% of people, while Rust
and Smalltalk aren’t even on the scale).

With so many packages available, we are seeing, in particular, a


huge uptake in those used for AI and data science projects.
Python is a super fun language which can brings a level of
excitement and ease to programming like no other language can.
FILE HANDLING IN PYTHON

Python too supports file handling and allows users to handle files
i.e., to read and write files, along with many other file handling
options, to operate on files. The concept of file handling has
stretched over various other languages, but the implementation is
either complicated or lengthy, but alike other concepts of Python,
this concept here is also easy and short. Python treats file
differently as text or binary and this is important. Each line of
code includes a sequence of characters and they form text file.
Each line of a file is terminated with a special character, called
the EOL or End of Line characters like comma {,} or newline
character. It ends the current line and tells the interpreter a new
one has begun. Let’s start with Reading and Writing files.

Working of open() function:

We use open () function in Python to open a file in read or write


mode. As explained above, open ( ) will return a file object. To
return a file object we use open() function along with two
arguments, that accepts file name and the mode, whether to read
or write. So, the syntax being: open(filename, mode). There are
three kinds of mode, that Python provides and how files can be
opened:
“ r “, for reading.
“ w “, for writing.
“ a “, for appending.
“ r+ “, for both reading and writing

One must keep in mind that the mode argument is not mandatory.
If not passed, then Python will assume it to be “ r ” by default.

There are also various other functions that help to manipulate the
files and its contents. One can explore various other functions in
Python Docs.

ABOUT MODULES

Modules refer to a file containing Python statements and


definitions. A file containing Python code, for e.g.: example.py, is
called a module and its module name would be example.

We use modules to break down large programs into small


manageable and organized files. Furthermore, modules provide
reusability of code.
We can define our most used functions in a module and import
it, instead of copying their definitions into different programs.
We can import the definitions inside a module to another module
or the interactive interpreter in Python.
We use the import keyword to do this.

Python has a ton of standard modules available. Standard


modules can be imported the same way as we import our
userdefined modules.

Some advantages of modules are:

1. Division of development
2. Increases readability of program
3. Programming errors can easily be detected
4. Allows reuse of code
5. Improves manageability
6. Collaboration in projects made efficient and easy.

ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAY

Indian Railways is the state-owned railway company of India; it


has a complete monopoly over the country's rail transport. Indian
Railways (IR) has one of the largest and busiest rail networks in
the world, transporting over 5 billion passengers and over 350
million tonnes of freight annually. IR is also the world's largest
commercial or utility employer, having more than 1.6 million
regular employees on its payroll.

CODING
MODULES USED
MAIN CODE USED
REQUIREMENTS

BIBILIOGRAPHY

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