DOOR ACCESS SYSTEM USING ARDUINO

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

JINCY V 960219106074

KHAVYA J K 960219106081
MOHANA SREE G S 960219106087

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ARUNACHALA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI : 600 025

JULY 2022

ARUNACHALA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN

MANAVILAI, VELLICHANTHAI – 629 203
KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
 ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT

CONTROL SYSTEM” is the bonafide work of BEJISHA B(960219106051),
JOSELIN ANI RACHEL P (960219106077) who carried out the project work
under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.E.P.KANNAN,M.E.,Ph.D., Dr.R. BABY SHALINI, M.E,Ph.D,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics

and Communication Engineering, Communication Engineering,

Arunachala College of Arunachala College of

Engineering for Women, Engineering for Women,

Manavilai-629203. Manavilai-629203.

Submitted for the project Viva-Voce Examination held at Arunachala college of

engineering for women, Manavilai on ………………

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost we would like to invoke the Grace of the Almighty without
which, no fruitful event occur in the world. Our gratitude next is to our parents for
their moral support.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to the chairman

Dr.T.KrishnaSwamyME.,Ph.D who helped us in carrying our project
successfully.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to the principal

Dr.S.JosephJawahar, ME.,Ph.D.,M.B.A.,M.I.E for providing us this oppurtunity
to do this project.

Our heartfull thanks goes to the professor and head of the department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr.E.P.Kannan, ME.,Ph.D for his
valuable and consistent encouragement.

We express our gratitude to our supervisor Dr.R.BabyShalini,

ME,Ph.DAssistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering for rendering excellent guidance and for being extremely kind and
approchable in nature, being a great source of support and encoragement
throughout the course of the project work.

Finally our sincere thanks go to our parents on whose inspiration and prayer this project
has been completed.
ABSTRACT

The development of a door access system includes many different features from

as simple as keypad to as complex as using smart cards and biometrics. The Door

Access System – Arduino Based is developed to overcome the issue of upgrading

and maintenance the system that occur in the existing system. This report discusses

on the door access system using Arduino. Arduino is a type of microcontroller that

uses its own programming language. It has its own electronic prototyping platform

to be used during experiment. This project has two features as inputs, which are

keypad and fingerprint scanner. While the outputs are magnetic switch, indicator,

LCD display and a siren. Interfacing all inputs and outputs with Arduino produced

accurate results in accessing the door based on the accuracy results obtained by

performing a test on five individuals with four different fingerprints each person.

The entered password using keypad and minutiae obtained by scanning fingerprint

are clarified as inputs, while the output is the result displayed on LCD display.

This project is reliable as it could increase the security level of door access system

by implementing simple approach as Arduino.

 LISTOFCONTENTS
1: INTRODUCTION

2: LITERATURE REVIEW

3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4: RESULT & DISCUSSION

5: CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION

Door Access System

Door access system is a type of control access system which control the opening and closing
of the door. The system is usually used during the activity of people entering and exiting the
building. It helps to differentiate unauthorized and authorized people as the system only allows
the authorized person to enter the building. The door access system has two main features which
are:
a) Keypad
b) Fingerprint scanner
To operate the system, these two features are interfaced with Arduino programming
and the outputs are:
a) LCD display
b) Magnetic switch
c) Siren
d) Indicator

Arduino

Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform based on a single microcontroller

board.It is used to control the output according to the inputs command such as controlling
the light or motor by using a switch. The advantages of using Arduino are : a) Inexpensive
b) Cross platform
c) Simple, clear programming environment
Keypad

A keypad is a device used to enter the desired output. In this project a keypad matrix with
16 push buttons is used . This type of keypad has four rows and four columns whereby the
overlapping rows and columns are the keys.

Fingerprint scanner

A fingerprint scanner is a type of biometric scanner which scans the human fingerprint.
There aretwo types of fingerprint scanner which are optical and capacitive fingerprint
scanner. In this project, the optical scanner is used because it is less accessible to
electrostatic discharge (ESD) compared to capacitive fingerprint scanner.
LCD display

A 16x2 LCD display which has 2 horizontal lines comprising a space of 16

displaying character is used in this project
Magnetic switch

A magnetic switch is a normally-closed dry contact that depends on magnetic

field to operate. In this project the magnetic switch act as a magnetic door lock,
whereby it is activated to lock the doors and it will be deactivated for the authorized
users. There are two circuits in magnetic switch, which are
:a) Control circuit (in green)
b) Load circuit (in red)
During ON condition, the current flows through control circuit will produce magnetic field that
would cause load circuit to be close (ON) .Otherwise the load circuit will be open (OFF).
Siren Circuit

A siren circuit is a circuit which produce siren by connecting the circuit to the
speaker as output There are two conditions that will activate the siren which are:
a) Presence of intruder
b) Users inserted wrong password more than the allowable attempts

Indicator (LED)

A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source.The red LED indicates door
lock while the green LED indicates door unlock.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Door access system has been widely used around the world. It is a type of security system
that is created to help in securing people and assets in a building from unwanted cases such as
burglaries and kidnapping.Based on a journal written by Wheeler et.al.(2000) on face
verification system, this system is time-consuming to build because the users need to have more
than one images to separate ID and non-ID images for identification data storage purposes.
Despite of its advantages of identifying intra and interdependencies, it is proven that this system
is inefficient because it took 6 seconds to make decision while the aim is within 2 seconds. The
fact of time-consuming system has also been said in a journal written by Ibrahim et. al. (2011)
on face-recognition system. Face-recognition is difficult to build as there are alot of factor needs
to be considered during image capturing which are illumination, distance and an individuals
head orientation. This system is also sensitive to aging and facial expression. It is also
troublesome during experimental work as many faces need to be taken at nine different
angles.Another access
control system project by using voice-recognition system done by Rashid et. al. (2008) is also a
sensitive system as it will reject the voice input if there are background noise .Cui et. al. (2009)
agrees the fact of voice-recognition system being difficult. The reason being is because it needs
to build up a speech model whereby the users have to pronounce the text according to the stated
ones. Despite of its lacking in efficieny, this project done by Bo Cui and TongzeXue has its
advantages compared to other projects with similar feature by using a technology to filter low
frequency disturbinThe benefit of using fingerprint scanner was also said by Zhu et. al. (2011) in
their journal that fingerprint-verification overcome the issue of losing ID card where in their
project is car keys. Another advantage is that the ownership can never be passed to other people
. An optical fingerprint scanner is implemented in this project compared to other biometric
features is because it has more advantages

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Firstly the user will insert the password that has already been set by the system. If the entered
password is correct, the user may proceed by entering their ID. Otherwise the user will be given
three attempts to enter password. If wrong password is entered at the third attempt, alarm will
be activated. Next, each authorized user have a template of their own fingerprint saved in the
memory. In order to enter the building, the users need to scan their fingers by placing their
finger onto the fingerprint scanner. During storing process for fingerprint scanner, the storing
starts by enrolling the users ID. Once the users place their finger, the fingerprint scanner will
capture the fingerprint. It will then extract the minutiae and store the output in memory. Next
the process continues by finding the match. For fingerprint, it uses the stored minutiae with the
ones that was recently capture. If the users minutiae matches their own minutiae which has
already been stored before, the users may access the door as the magnetic door lock will be
deactivated. Otherwise, the users have to enter their ID number again. The users will be given
three attempts. If the users fail at the third attempt, alarm will be activated indicating the
presence of intruders.
Identify features / hardware to be used

While the Arduino board platform is a platform that is designed to be used for testing by
connecting the features to its I/O pins and uploading program to the Atmel Atmega2560
microcontroller. The function of LCD display is to display the output and the USB cable is used
to communicate the Arduino programming language and the Atmel Atmega2560 microcontroller

Design circuit and identify I/O pins to Arduino board

The circuit diagram (Appendix A) of this door access system is designed by using Fritzing
software which is a type of designing tools that supports Arduino. The connections of the
features to Arduino I/O pins as shown as fig.
Keypad

The keypad used in this project is 4x4 keypad which have eight I/O pins.
Fingerprint scanner

The fingerprint scanner has 4 wires that can be connected to Arduino.

LCD display

The LCD display is a 16 x 2 display.

Interface

After testing the keypad circuit and fingerprint scanner circuit by interfacing with Arduino
separately, both of the circuit are then combined together with LCD display and Arduino to be
interfaced.
Create coding of each feature

Since keypad and fingerprint scanner is the feature used in this project, therefore coding for
these two features are created in the beginning. For fingerprint scanner it includes coding for
enrolling and finger test. The output of the keypad and fingerprint scanner will be displayed
using the serial monitor before it is displayed though LCD display. After each feature has its
own programming, it is then been interface among the features itself.

Testing by ‘load and run’ program of each feature into Arduino

Testing are done after constructing each circuit and create coding. Before interfacing with
LCD display, the output is displayed on the Arduino serial monitor. If the testing was a success,
each circuit will be interfaced with LCD display to have the output on the display

Construct circuit on veroboard

After all the circuit connections have been confirmed, the circuit is constructed and
soldered on veroboard
Build prototype

The prototype is build to show the process flow of the system clearly as shown in Figure. It is
designed with a door and a panel to insert the features which are keypad, fingerprint scanner
and LCD display

Tools Required

Hardware
Software

Arduino programming

Arduino is an open-source microcontroller. It can be edited and loaded to the microcontroller by

using a USB cable. Arduino is an inexpensive type of singlemicroprocessor prototyping platform.
The reason of implementing Arduino in this project is because it comes with an ATMEGA2560
microcontroller whereby the program stored in ATMEGA2560 can be edited in the future for
maintenance purposes.

Fritzing

Fritzing is software that supports Arduino. The libraries include

components such as sensors and displays. The purpose of using fritzing is to
design a circuit diagram Virtually

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

Keypad is used to enter character and integer that is required to access the door.
In this project, keypad is implemented for password feature and use to insert ID.
The first stage to access the door is to enter password. Figure 36 shows a display for
the user to enter the password. In this program the password is set as ‘C141516’. If
the users entered the same password as the ones set as in Figure 37, it will resulted
as ‘Successful, Now scan finger’ as in Figure 38. Next the users may scan their
fingerprint immediately for the next stage of door access system. Otherwise, if the
wrong password is entered as in Figure 39, the LCD display will display as ‘Wrong’
as in Figure 40. While Figure 41 shows the output of intruders alarm.
Fingerprint scanner

4.2.1 Enrolling

The function of fingerprint scanner is to scan the users fingerprint. During

scanning the fingerprint scanner will capture and store the users minutiae. To
have a database of users fingerprint minutiae, the user needs to enroll their
Fingerprint.OnceArduino detected fingerprint scanner, the users will insert the ID that will be
saved together with their fingerprint minutiae. According to figure above, the users fingerprint
minutiae is enrolled with the ID:2. It is then stored in the fingerprint scanner onboard flash memory,

Finger test and matching

After enrolling the fingerprint, the stored minutiae need to be tested to test the accuracy
of the fingerprint scanner. The user ID is found to be ID: 2. It states the confidence which
actually measures the accuracy of the current scanned fingerprint and the ones stored in
memory. The finger print scanner has a level of confidence from 0 to 255 which indicates
from less accurate to very accurate. Figure 44 is a command display for the user to place
their fingerprint. After scanned finger, Figure 45 shows the output being displayed at LCD
display. The output indicates the current scanned fingerprint is matched with the stored
minutiae with ID: 2.
Safety Feature (Intruder Alarm)

Intruder Alarm is added to acknowledge the safety guards of intruder

Interfacing

After all the features have been interfaced, it is then being placed together with the prototype

Accuracy test

Accuracy test is performed to observe the security level of the fingerprint

scanner. Figure 48 shows the result of the accuracy test based on the confidence
level. The test was done on five individual with four thumbprints from each and one
of them. The fingers scanned were, left and right thumbprint and also left and right
index finger. From the result below, it shows that finger with the most accurate
result is left thumbprint with the percentage of 70%, followed by right thumbprint,
right index finger and left index finger with the accuracy of 67.2%, 41.4% and 30%
respectively

CONCLUSION

The implementation of door access system is considered to be a need for a building

especially companies to have a security system in order to keep the people inside and assets to
be safe from unwanted cases such as burglaries and kidnapping. Tricubes Computer Sdn. Bhd.
has been reported that the company’s existing door access system have problems in
maintaining due to its obsolete components that could not be replaced. The Door Access
System – Arduino Based is developed to overcome this issue as Arduino does not use a lot of
components with the existence of the Arduino platform board and Atmel AVR microcontroller.
The Arduino approach also overcome the issue of upgrading as it comes with an Atmel AVR
microcontroller which can be edited and reprogrammed many times. Besides software and
approach, this project also differs in terms of its features which are keypad and fingerprint
scanner. It clearly shows that the features used in this project are more efficient compared to
the existing system. For future work it is recommended to add another feature such as smart
card to increase the security level. Smart card stores data such as name and ID of the owner
and in future it can be used to match the entered ID using keypad. In conclusion the
implementation of a door access system using Arduino.
The features used in this system helps to overcome the security issues. The
proposed system overcomes the issues of maintaining the device in future as
Arduino comes with ATMEGA2560 microcontroller that can be edited to comply
with any changing system. Adopting the keypad and fingerprint scanner features,
creating a door access system- Arduino Based brings a whole new high security
access system with a simple new approach.
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