Chapter - 1 Electrical wiring diagram

Symbols - https://www.electrical-symbols.com/electronic-
electrical-symbols/electrical-electronic-symbols-PDF.htm

Electric circuit connection can be represented in three types

1.Wiring diagram
2.Single line diagram
3.Schematic diagram

Wiring diagram (or pictorial): A simplified conventional pictorial

representation of an electrical circuit. It shows the components of
the circuit as simplified shapes, and how to make the connections
between the devices. A wiring diagram usually gives more
information about the relative position and arrangement of
devices and terminals on the devices.
Single Line diagram: A one-line diagram or single-line diagram
is a simplified notation for representing an electrical system. The
one-line diagram is similar to a block diagram except that
electrical elements such as switches, circuit breakers,
transformers, and capacitors are shown by standardized
schematic symbols
Schematic diagram: A diagram that uses lines to represent the
wires and symbols to represent components. It is used to show
how the circuit functions
Some more examples -
With two way and off switch : In this type of connection in one
position of switch, one lamp will get full voltage hence it is fully
bright. In the second position, the switch is in off position, hence
no lamp is lightened. while in the third position both lamps are
connected series across the supply, hence voltage is divided
across them and they are lighted.
One lamp controlled by two way switches or staircase wiring
:lamp can be made on or off from two different places where 2
way switches are fitted i.e., on ground floor and on first floor.

Corridor lightning: In this system every lamp is having to

controlling switches, when will be in corridor and Other Side
bungalow.
Lamps in series and parallel : In a upper position of switch ,
the lamps L1 and L2 are in series and in down position L1 and L2
are in parallel.

Godown wiring : S1 is on position , L3 is lightened. then S3 is

changed, L2 is lightened, L3 becomes off. then S2 is operated ,
L2 is off and L1 is lightened . then S1 one is off and all lamps off.
Master on control : By Master on switch all lamps are light and
and No off by other switches S1 ,S2 ,S3.

Master off circuit –

Arrangement of single phase supply at the premises of consumer
:-
Shown below EM - energy meter, F - fuse, ICDP - Iron clad
double pole switch.

Wiring diagram showing connection of supplier main board

,Consumers main board with DP MCB and single pole MCB
showing sub circuits
Single layout diagram of small house

Some important definition as per IS codes –

1. Circuit - It is an arrangement of conductor or conductors for

the purpose of conveying energy and forming a system or a
branch of a system
2. Wiring - It is a system connecting different components with
the help of wire to feed the current or supplying a voltage required
to the wiring system
3.Cable - It means a length of insulated single conductor of two
or more such conductor is provided with its own intuition which
are laid upon together. Such insulated conductor are conductors
may or may not be provided with an overall mechanical
protective converting.
 4.Flexible cable - It means a cable consisting of two or more for
each forming a group of wire , the diameter and physical
properties of the wires and insulation material been such to afford
flexibility.
5.Conductor - It means any wire cable bar ,tube or plate used
for conducting energy and so arrange as to be electrically
connected to a system.
6.Conduit - It means rigid or flexible metallic tubing or
mechanical is strong and fire resistant non metallic tubing in
which a cable may be drawn for the purpose of affording it or
them mechanically protection.
7.Earthing system - It means an electrical system in which all
conductors are Earthed.
8.Inspector - An electrical Inspector appointed under the section
36.
9.Installation - Means any composite electrical unit used for the
purpose of generating, transforming, transmitting, converting,
distributing or utilizing energy
10.Live - means electrically charged
11.Switchgear - Small switches, breakers, cutout and other
Apparatus used for operating regulating and control of circuits.
12.Electric system - Means in which all the conductors and
operators are electrically connected to a common source of
Electric Supply.
Fundamental principle of electrical installation
Classification of electrical installation -
1. Residential i.e., non industrial
2. industrial installation
3. commercial installations

General requirement installations

 As per Indian Electricity Act 1956
 Conventional symbols
 Material as per standard specification
 Layout wiring - lightning, power wiring should have separate
circuit
 Workmanship - exercised in supervision of certified expert
authority
 Positioning of wire route , distribution boards, switch boards,
location of illuminaries be Chalked out as per sanctioned
drawing
 Drawing - wiring diagram - drawing be prepared and
approved by expert engineer
 Conductor - copper or aluminium

Safety in electric work - ( permit to work, safety precautions)

 While working on low, medium voltage line mains following

safety be observed
 Approved equipments and safety devices to be used to
protect from electric shock while working on live mains
rubber gloves ,rubber shoes shall be compulsory used
 Working on live main second person must be with the main
person.
 Use of safety belts rubber gloves with climbing up or
climbing down
 Work should not be allowed to person unless they have
permit to work by authorized officer
 “On completion of work remove all earthing devices”
 Accident should be immediately attended and reported to
appropriate authorities call the doctor at site
 Place yourself secure position to avoid slipping stumbling for
moving backward against live conductor or apparatus
 Stop working in the near approach of lightning Storm.
 Look read danger plates before starting work
 Avoid jumble Coat having metal button straps metal fittings
 Perfect fitting dress be used
 Shirt with full sleeves be used (sometimes sleeves can be
act as insulation)
 Avoid using boots with nail soles, use a rubber sole boots
 Watch metal key chain should be avoided
 Treat everything is live.
 Think before you act
 Keep in mind that all voltages are dangerous
 Don't allow unauthorized person to enter into working areas
 All portable electrical Apparatus shall be examined properly
regularly and maintain them in fact to avoid problems when
using them
 Metal bodies of machine Apparatus must be checked
properly Earth
 Earthing system should be periodically checked
IE act and permit to work

1.Regarding permit to work

2.Power of higher authority for issuing “Permit to work”
3.Work on live (Low and Medium voltage) line
4.After completion of work
5.Accidents
6.Relevent notices

Concept of permit system -

1) https://vidyutbodha.files.wordpress.com/2016/04/4-1work-permit-system.pdf
2) https://www.tatapower.com/pdf/sustainability/safety/Permit-To-Work-Procedure.pdf
3)https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g2000/envdocs/MohaveCountyWindFarm/Plan_of_Developme
nt/508%20Attachments%20to%20HSSE%20Plan/Attach_B_Permit_to_Work.pdf

Scope and feature of National Electric Code 2011 (i.e., NEC

2011)

Under the guidance of NEC technical correlating committee

manual for guidance is prepared. The aim of this NEC manual is
to advise members of the code making panels on the required
editorial type and arrangement of an NEC. It is to be used as a
practical working tool to assist and NEC.

Scope - This manual provide editorial and administrator

requirement for writing the national electrical code (NFPA 70) and
Standards for electrical safety in the workplace (NFPA 70 E).

Types of electrical installations

A) Industrial pollution
1. Small industrial installation
2. Medium industrial installation
3. Large industrial installation.
B) non-industrial installation
1. Commercial installation
2. Residential installation

Standard values of voltage and their limit

Single line diagram of AC power supply scheme
The electrical power produced in generating stations is
transmitted over large distance through transmission lines. Then it
is distributed to various consumer through a distribution network.
Various stages are involved in between in which this power is
processed and sent further.
A typical single line diagram of ac power supply scheme showing
figure
In the above figure the standard voltages for generation
Transmission and distribution in our country are given.
For distribution voltage the permissible voltage limit is +/- 5%.
Machine operation are satisfactory in this limits. If limit exceeds
the performance is disturbed. As per Indian standard
High voltage does not exceed 33 kilovolt
Extra High Voltage exceed 33 kilo volt
 In our country maximum value of Transmission voltage , extra
high voltage EHV = 400KV.

Effect on performance of motor if permissible limit crosses.

Sr. Terms affected 10% increase in 10% decrease

No. voltage in voltage
1 Current increase 10 to decreases 10
a) starting current 12% to 12%
b) magnetizing current Increases Decreases
c) full load current decreases 7 to increases 10 to
8% 12%
2 temperature rise decreases 3 to increases 7%
4%
3 magnetic noise increases decreases
slightly slightly
4 starting torque increases 20% decrease 19 %
5 Speed
a) synchronous speed no change no change
b) full load speed increases 1% decrease is 1%
6 percentage slip decrease 17 % increases 23%
7 power factor at full decreases 3% increases 1%
load
8 efficiency at full load increases 1% decreases 2%
 As per i s code 2011 - standard values of voltages
New standard voltages and their upper and lower limit are given
below:
 For a medium and low voltage distribution system, the
original recommended standard values of nominal voltage
where 230 volt for single phase and 230/ 400 volts for 3
phase system. However during 1959 to align with iec
recommendation and in view of economic advantages they
offer the values of 240 volts single phase and 240/ 415 volts
three phase has been adopted.
 In case of voltage above 1 kilo volt, the importance of
highest system voltage, which are generally 10% about the
corresponding nominal voltage given below is recognised
and product standard relate the voltage rating of equipment
with respect to highest system voltage only.

standard declared voltage -

o Single phase two wire system - 240 volts
o Three phase system - 415 volt, 3.3 kilo volt, 6.6 kilo volt,11
kilo volt, 22 kilo volt, 33 kilovolt, 66 kilo volt, 110 kilo volt,
132 kilovolt, 220 volt, 400 kilo volt.

Voltage limit for ac system -

The voltage at any point of the system under normal condition not
depart from the declared voltage by more than the value given
below:-
A) 6% in the case of low or medium voltage or
B) 6% on the higher side or 9% on the lower side in case of high
voltage or
C) 12.5% in the case of extra high voltage.
 for installation design purpose, the limits of voltage between the
system and the equipments used in the system shall be capable
of operating continuously are as under

System voltage high voltage low voltage

240 volt 264 volt 216 volt
415 volt 457 volt 374 volt
3.3 kilo volt 3.6 kilo volt 3 kilo volt
6.6 kilo volt 7.2 kilovolt 6 kilo volt
11 kilo volt 12 kilo volt 10 kilo volt
22 kilovolt 24 kilo volt 20 kilo volt
33 kilo volt 36 kilo volt 30 kilo volt
66 kilo volt 72.5 kilo volt 60 kilo volt
132 kilo volt 145 kilovolt 120 kilo volt
220 kilo volt 245 kilovolt 200 kilo volt
400 kilo volt 420 kilovolt 380 kilovolt
Wiring diagram of DPMCB –
Distribution Board Wiring -
Pratice MCQ Link -
https://www.matrixtsl.com/courses/ecc/index.php?n=Quizzes.Sym
bolsQuiz
https://quizicon.com/Electrical-Component-Symbols-Quiz.html
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eladeforwa.es
quiz&hl=en_IN&gl=US
https://instrumentationtools.com/permit-to-work-system-online-
test/
https://paktechpoint.com/work-permit-certification-questions-what-
is-work-permit-system/
 transmission

Compulsory transmitting tower It does not require any

is required. transmitting towers

Inductor is predominate Capacitor is predominant

Proximity effect does not affect Proximity effect is high

since the distance between the
conductor are very high

Link for pratice mcq -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j77nAqGvyPs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJsepjIEGnA
https://www.electricalexams.co/100-most-important-mcq-of-
transmission-and-distribution/#gsc.tab=0
https://www.careerride.com/mcq-tag-
wise.aspx?Key=Specifications%20of%20earthing%20and%20ser
vice%20mains%20&Id=19
https://www.careerride.com/mcq-tag-
wise.aspx?Key=Underground%20distribution%20lines%20%20in
stallation%20of%20service%20connections%20&Id=19
https://mcqsbank.teswesm.com/mcqs/for-what-range-is-the-
underground-service-lines-used-6650
https://electricalvoice.com/electrical-wiring-mcq/