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Animal Species Prediction Using Machine Learning

The document presents a case study on predicting animal species using machine learning, outlining the problem definition, dataset requirements, and data preprocessing steps. It discusses various machine learning models for classification, evaluation metrics, and potential results, emphasizing the benefits of automating species identification for research and conservation. Future work includes exploring deep learning approaches and incorporating environmental features to enhance prediction accuracy.

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97 views10 pages

Animal Species Prediction Using Machine Learning

The document presents a case study on predicting animal species using machine learning, outlining the problem definition, dataset requirements, and data preprocessing steps. It discusses various machine learning models for classification, evaluation metrics, and potential results, emphasizing the benefits of automating species identification for research and conservation. Future work includes exploring deep learning approaches and incorporating environmental features to enhance prediction accuracy.

Uploaded by

himanshudeeghot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Synopsis

on
Animal Species Prediction Using Machine Lear
in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

CSE-AIML

Submitted by:
KHUSHI (24BAI70800)

Under the Guidance of


MS. NAVNEET KAUR
INSTITUTE – UIE
ACADEMIC UNIT-I,II,III,IV,V

Chandigarh University
September 2024
Index
S. No. Content Page No.

1 Introduction and Literature review 1-5

2 Problem definition and objectives 6-9

3 Scope 10-11

4 Planning and Task definition 12-14


Case Study: Animal Species Prediction
Using Machine Learning

1. Problem Definition

The goal of this case study is to predict the species of


an animal based on specific features. This kind of
prediction can be helpful in various fields, including
zoology, environmental science, and even wildlife
conservation. By automating species identification,
researchers can save time, ensure accuracy, and
potentially monitor species diversity in real-time.

2. Dataset
To develop a model for animal species prediction,
we require a dataset that contains information on
various features of animals, along with their
corresponding species labels. One commonly used
This dataset contains:

• 101 animals
• 17 features describing characteristics like
“feathers,” “legs,” “eggs,” “milk,” etc.
• 7 classes of species (mammals, birds, fish,
reptiles, amphibians, insects, and others).

3. Data Preprocessing

Before building the prediction model, the dataset


needs to be preprocessed:

• Handling missing data: Check for any missing


or inconsistent data, and impute or remove as
necessary.
• Encoding categorical variables: Since machine
learning algorithms typically work with numerical
data, categorical variables like “animal name” are
encoded into numbers using techniques like one-
hot encoding or label encoding.
• Feature scaling: Some algorithms (like k-
Nearest Neighbors) are sensitive to the magnitude
of feature values, so standardization or
normalization is applied.

4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

EDA helps understand the relationships between


features and the target species. Steps include:

• Visualizing data distribution: Using bar plots


or histograms to understand how different species
are distributed across features.
• Correlation analysis: Identifying if any
features are highly correlated, which can help with
feature selection.
• Class balance check: Ensuring the dataset is
not too imbalanced across different species classes.
If it is, resampling methods like SMOTE may be
necessary.
5. Model Selection
For this classification problem, we can try different
machine learning models:

• Logistic Regression: Suitable for multi-class


classification, especially when there’s a linear
relationship between features and species.
• k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN): Non-parametric
model that classifies based on the majority species
among nearest neighbors.
• Decision Trees and Random Forests: These
models can capture non-linear relationships
between features and species. Random Forest is an
ensemble of decision trees and is robust to
overfitting.
• Support Vector Machines (SVM): This can be
effective for binary or multi-class classification,
especially in high-dimensional spaces.
• Neural Networks: For a more complex or
large-scale dataset, a neural network might be
appropriate.

6. Model Evaluation
The chosen model’s performance will be evaluated
using metrics like:

• Accuracy: The ratio of correct predictions to


total predictions.
• Precision and Recall: For imbalanced classes,
these metrics are more informative than accuracy.
• Confusion Matrix: Provides insights into
which species are being misclassified.
• Cross-validation: Splitting the data into
multiple folds and validating to avoid overfitting
and ensure generalization.

7. Results

After training and testing the models, the


performance results might show that models like
Random Forest or k-NN perform better due to their
ability to capture non-linear relationships and
handle noisy data.

8. Conclusion
The species prediction model helps automate the
process of identifying animal species based on their
features. By using machine learning models,
zoologists and researchers can speed up their work,
improve accuracy, and potentially discover new
insights in animal classification. If successfully
implemented, this model can be extended to larger
datasets and include more complex features for
even better predictions.

9. Future Work

• Deep Learning Approach: For larger datasets,


a convolutional neural network (CNN) could be
employed to predict species based on images,
offering a more advanced solution.
• Incorporation of Environmental Features:
Adding geographic location, climate, or habitat
information might improve predictions.

This case study demonstrates a structured approach


to building and evaluating a model for animal
species prediction using machine learning
techniques.

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