Symmetry and Transformation

Book 1B Chapter 9 Symmetry and Transformation

9.1 Symmetry

Demonstration 1
For each of the following figures, if it has 1. For each of the following figures, if it has
reflectional symmetry, draw all the axes of reflectional symmetry, draw all the axes of
symmetry. symmetry.
(a) (b) (a) (b)

Solution

(a) No reflectional symmetry

(b)

Demonstration 2
For each of the following figures, if it has rotational 2. For each of the following figures, if it has
symmetry, mark the centre of rotation with ‘ ’ and rotational symmetry, mark the centre of
state the order of rotational symmetry. rotation with ‘ ’ and state the order of
(a) (b) rotational symmetry.
(a) (b)

Solution

(a)

Order = 2
(b) No rotational symmetry

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Book 1B Chapter 9

Demonstration 3
By taking the dotted lines as the axes of symmetry, 3. By taking the dotted lines as the axes of
complete the following figures. symmetry, complete the following figures.
(a) (b) (a) (b)

Solution

(a)

(b)

For each of the following figures, if it has reflectional symmetry, draw all the axes of symmetry. (4 – 9)
4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

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 Symmetry and Transformation

For each of the following figures, if it has rotational symmetry, mark the centre of rotation with ‘ ’ and state
the order of rotational symmetry. (10 – 15)
10. 11.

12. 13.

14. 15.

16. Consider the following five letters.

(a) Which letter(s) has/have reflectional symmetry? For each letter with reflectional symmetry, state
the number of axes of symmetry.
(b) Which letter(s) has/have rotational symmetry? For each letter with rotational symmetry, state the
order of rotational symmetry.
(c) Which letter(s) has/have both reflectional symmetry and rotational symmetry?

17. Consider the following five figures.

(a) Which figure(s) has/have rotational symmetry? For each figure with rotational symmetry, state the
order of rotational symmetry.
(b) Which figure(s) has/have both reflectional symmetry and rotational symmetry?
(c) Consider all the above five figures as a figure. Does this figure have rotational symmetry? If yes,
state the order of rotational symmetry.

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Book 1B Chapter 9

By taking the dotted lines as the axes of symmetry, complete the following figures. (18 – 23)
18. 19.

20. 21.

22. 23.

24. Consider the following regular polygons.

Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure D

(a) Find the number of axes of symmetry and the order of rotational symmetry of each regular polygon
above.
(b) For a regular 20-sided polygon, guess its number of axes of symmetry and its order of rotational
symmetry.

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 Symmetry and Transformation

25.

(a) By taking the dotted lines as axes of symmetry, complete the above figure.
(b) Assume the sides of each small square are 1 cm, find the area of the figure obtained in (a).

26.

Figure B

Figure A Figure C

(a) State the order of rotational symmetry of Figure A and Figure B.

(b) Figure C is formed by overlapping the centres of rotation of Figure A and Figure B. Does Figure C
have rotational symmetry? If yes, state the order of rotational symmetry.
(c) A student claims that when two figures with rotational symmetry overlapped with each other at the
centres of rotation, the new figure formed must have rotational symmetry. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.

Multiple Choice Questions

27. What is the number of axes of symmetry of a regular n-sided polygon?
A. n – 1
B. n
C. 2n – 1
D. 2n

28. In the figure, the regular hexagon is divided into six equilateral triangles and three of them are shaded.
The number of folds of rotational symmetry of the hexagon is
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 6.

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Book 1B Chapter 9

9.2 Transformation

Demonstration 1
On the graph paper below, draw the image formed 1. On the graph paper below, draw the image
when the figure is translated 4 units to the left. formed after translating 3 units to the right.

Solution

Demonstration 2
On the graph paper below, draw the image formed 2. On the graph paper below, draw the image
when the figure is reflected about the dotted line. formed when the figure is reflected about the
dotted line.

Solution

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 Symmetry and Transformation

Demonstration 3
On the graph paper below, draw the image formed 3. On the graph paper below, draw the image
when the figure is rotated clockwise about O formed when the figure is rotated
through 90. anticlockwise about O through 90.

O
O

Solution

Demonstration 4
On the graph paper below, draw the image formed 4. On the graph paper below, draw the image
when the figure is enlarged by a scale factor of 2. formed when the figure is enlarged by a scale
factor of 2.

Solution

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Book 1B Chapter 9

Demonstration 5
In the figure, ABCD is enlarged to EFGH by a 5. In the figure, ABCDEF is enlarged to IJKLMN
certain scale factor such that EF is the image of AB. by a certain scale factor such that IJ is the
Find the scale factor. image of AB. Find the scale factor.

M
F H L
A E D
B D N K
F C
A B I J
C G

Solution

Length of AC = 3 units
Length of EG = 6 units
length of EG
∴ Scale factor =
length of AC
6
=
3
=2

On each graph paper below, draw the image formed after the given translation. (6 – 9)
6. Translate 3 units to the left 7. Translate 5 units to the right

8. Translate 4 units upwards 9. Translate 3 units downwards

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 Symmetry and Transformation

On each graph paper below, draw the image formed when the figure is reflected about the dotted line.(10 – 13)
10. 11.

12. 13.

On each graph paper below, draw the image formed after the given rotation. (14 – 17)
14. Rotate clockwise about O through 180 15. Rotate anticlockwise about O through 90

O
O

16. Rotate clockwise about O through 270 17. Rotate anticlockwise about O through 270

O O

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Book 1B Chapter 9

On each graph paper below, draw the image formed after the given enlargement/reduction. (18 – 21)
18. Enlarge by a scale factor of 2 19. Enlarge by a scale factor of 1.5

20. Reduce by a scale factor of 0.5 21. Reduce by a scale factor of 0.4

22. In the figure, △ABC is enlarged to △XYZ by a certain scale factor such that XY is the image of AB. Find
the scale factor.

B
X
A

C Z

23. In the figure, ABCDE is reduced to PQRST by a certain scale factor such that PQ is the image of AB.
Find the scale factor. A B

C
E

D
P Q

R
T

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 Symmetry and Transformation

24. On the graph paper below, draw the image formed when the figure is reflected about the dotted line and
then rotated anticlockwise about the point O through 90.

25. On the graph paper below, draw the image formed when the figure is rotated clockwise about the point
O through 180 and then translated 9 units to the left.

26. A square EFGH is reduced to a smaller square PQRS by a certain scale factor such that PQ is the image
of EF. It is known that the perimeter of EFGH is three times that of PQRS. Find the scale factor.

27. On the graph paper below, draw the image formed when the figure is rotated clockwise about the point
O through 270, then reflected about the dotted line and finally translated 5 units to the right.

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Book 1B Chapter 9

Multiple Choice Questions

28.

Will the size and shape of the above figure be changed after reflection?
Size Shape
A. unchanged unchanged
B. unchanged changed
C. changed unchanged
D. changed changed

29. Figure A undergoes two transformations to obtain Figure B. What are these two transformations?

Figure A Figure B

A. Reflection and translation

B. Rotation and enlargement
C. Reflection and enlargement
D. Translation and reduction

30. △ABC is enlarged to △PQR by a scale factor of 2.5 such that PQ is the image of AB. Which of the
following description(s) is/are correct?
I. The perimeter of △PQR is 2.5 times that of △ABC.
II. The area of △PQR is 2.5 times that of △ABC.
III. The shape of △PQR is the same as △ABC.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

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