FOUNDATION

ENGR. DOMINIC M. FLORES

PREPARED BY :
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
 FOUNDATIONS
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Lowest part of the structure is generally referred to as the FOUNDATION. Its function is to
transfer the load of the structure to the soil on which it is resting. A properly design foundation transfer
the load throughout the soil without overstressing the soil.
Overstressing the soil can result in either excessive settlement or shear failure of the soil, both
of which cause damage to the structure. Thus, geotechnical and structural engineers who design
foundations must evaluate the bearing capacity of soils.
TYPES OF FOUNDATION
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
DEEP FOUNDATIONS
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
DEEP FOUNDATIONS
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
FOUNDATIONS (NSCP 2015)
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
FOUNDATIONS (NSCP 2015)
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
FOUNDATIONS (NSCP 2015)
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
FOUNDATIONS (NSCP 2015)
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
FOUNDATIONS (NSCP 2015)
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
FOUNDATIONS (NSCP 2015)
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
FOUNDATIONS (NSCP 2015)
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
 SUMMARY (NSCP 2015)
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

ONE-WAY SHEAR
For a wide beam shear or one-way shear, critical section is located at distance “d” from face of
column.

Shear strength
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
ONE-WAY SHEAR
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
 SUMMARY (NSCP 2015)
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

TWO-WAY SHEAR
For a punching or two-way shear, the critical sections shall be located so that the
𝑑
perimeter 𝑏𝑜 is minimum but need not be closer than
2
Shear strength is the smallest of the equations
1 2
A. 𝑉𝑐 = 6 1 + 𝛽 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
𝑐
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
where, 𝛽𝑐 =
𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
1 𝛼𝑑
B. 𝑉𝑐 = 12 𝑏𝑜
+ 2 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
where,
𝛼 = 40 (interior column)
𝛼 = 30 (edge column)
𝛼 = 20 (corner column)
1
C. 𝑉𝑐 = 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3
TWO-WAY SHEAR
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

1. Assume thickness of concrete (usually 0.8m)

2. Determine the effective soil bearing capacity.
𝑞𝑒 = 𝑞𝑎 − 𝛾ℎ
3. Determine the area and dimension of footing
𝑃(𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒)
𝐴𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝑞𝑒
4. Solve for ultimate soil bearing capacity.
𝑃(𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑)
𝑞𝑢 =
𝐴𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
5. Check for shear capacity
A. One-Way Shear
i. 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (shear capacity of concrete)
𝐿−𝑎
ii. 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝐿)( − 𝑑) (actual shear/factored shear)
2
iii. 𝑉𝑢 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐
iv. Solve for effective depth
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

B. Two-way shear
i. Shear strength is the smallest of the equations
1 2
A. 𝑉𝑐 = 1+ 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
6 𝛽𝑐
1 𝛼𝑑
B. 𝑉𝑐 = +2 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
12 𝑏𝑜
1
C. 𝑉𝑐 = 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3
ii. 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐿2 − 𝑎 + 𝑑 2 (ultimate shear capacity)
iii. 𝑉𝑢 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐
iv. Solve for effective depth
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

6. Select larger value of effective depth

7. Solve for required steel area
i. Ultimate moment capacity
𝐿−𝑎
𝐿−𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐿 ( )( 2 )
2 2
ii. Coefficient of Moment Resistance
𝑀
𝑅𝑛 = 𝑢 2
𝜙𝑏𝑑
iii. Steel Ratio (check for minimum)
0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
ρ= 1 − 1−
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓′𝑐
iv. Area and number of steel bars
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

A square column footing is to support a 500mm x 500mm square tied column that carries a
service dead load of 1200 kN and Service live load of 1120 kN. The column is reinforced with 8-25mm
diameter bars. The base of the footing is 1.50m below natural grade where allowable soil pressure is
310 kPa. The soill above the footing has a unit weight of 15.6 kN/m3. Assume fy=275MPa and
f;c=27.5MPa and unit weight of concrete is 23.5kN/m3. Design the footing. Use 25mm diameter main
bars.
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

1. Assume thickness of concrete (usually 0.8m)

ℎ𝑐 = 0.8𝑚
ℎ𝑠 = 1.5 − 0.8 = .7𝑚
2. Determine the effective soil bearing capacity.
𝑞𝑒 = 𝑞𝑎 − 𝛾ℎ
𝑞𝑒 = 310 − 15.6 .7 − 23.5(.8)
𝑞𝑒 = 280.28 𝑘𝑃𝑎
3. Determine the area and dimension of footing
𝑃(𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒)
𝐴𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝑞𝑒
1200+1120
𝐴𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
280.28
𝐴𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 8.277 𝑚2
dimension,
𝐿 = 𝐴𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐿 = 8.277
𝐿 = 2.877 𝑚 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝑳 = 𝟐. 𝟗 𝒎
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

4. Solve for ultimate soil bearing capacity.

𝑃(𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑)
𝑞𝑢 =
𝐴𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
Factored Load,
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 1200 + 1.6 1120
𝑃𝑢 = 3232 𝑘𝑁
3232
𝑞𝑢 =
2.9(2.9)
𝑞𝑢 = 384.304 𝑘𝑃𝑎
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

5. Check for shear capacity

A. One-Way Shear
i. 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (shear capacity of concrete)
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 (1.0) 27.5(2900)𝑑
𝑉𝑐 = 2585.314𝑑 𝑁
𝐿−𝑎
ii. 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝐿)( − 𝑑) (actual shear/factored shear)
2
2900−500
𝑉𝑢 = 0.3843 2900 −𝑑
2
𝑉𝑢 = 1114.4828 1200 − 𝑑 𝑁
iii. 𝑉𝑢 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐
1114.4828 1200 − 𝑑 = 0.75(2585.314𝑑)
𝒅 = 𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟗𝟖𝟕 𝒎𝒎
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

B. Two-way shear
i. Shear strength is the smallest of the equations
1 2
A. 𝑉𝑐 = 1+ 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
6 𝛽𝑐
1 𝛼𝑑
B. 𝑉𝑐 = + 2 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
12 𝑏𝑜
1
C. 𝑉𝑐 = 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3
1
𝑉𝑐 = 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3
1
𝑉𝑐 = (1.0) 27.5(4)(500
+ 𝑑)(𝑑)
3
𝑉𝑐 = 6.992 500 + 𝑑 𝑑 𝑁
ii. 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐿2 − 𝑎 + 𝑑 2
𝑉𝑢 = 0.3843 29002 − 500 + 𝑑 2 𝑁
iii. 𝑉𝑢 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐
0.3843 29002 − 500 + 𝑑 2 = 0.75(6.992 500 + 𝑑 𝑑
𝒅 = 𝟓𝟐𝟓. 𝟕𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒎
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

6. Select larger value of effective depth

𝑑=525.705 𝑚𝑚
check assumption,
ℎ𝑐 = 𝑑 + 1.5𝑑𝑏 + 75
ℎ𝑐 = 525.075 + 1.5 25 + 75
ℎ𝑐 = 638.205 𝑚𝑚
ℎ𝑐 < 800 𝑚𝑚 ok
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

7. Solve for required steel area

i. Ultimate moment capacity
𝐿−𝑎
𝐿−𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐿 ( )( 2 )
2 2
2.9−.5
2.9−.5 2
𝑀𝑢 = 384. 304 2.9 ( )
2 2
𝑀𝑢 = 802.428 kN. m
ii. Coefficient of Moment Resistance
𝑀
𝑅𝑛 = 𝑢 2
𝜙𝑏𝑑
802.428𝑥106
𝑅𝑛 = = (0.90)(2900)(563.205)2

𝑅𝑛 = 0.9692 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

iii. Steel Ratio (check for minimum)

0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
ρ= 1 − 1−
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓′𝑐

.85(27.5) 2(9692)
ρ= 1 − 1−
(275) .85 (27.5)
ρ = 0.0036
check for minimum
𝑓′ 𝑐 27.5
𝜌 min = = = 0.004767
4𝑓𝑦 4(275)
1.4 1.4
𝜌 min = = = 0.00509 1
𝑓𝑦 275
select governing steel ratio
𝜌 = 0.00509
 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

iv. Area and number of steel bars

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
𝐴𝑠 = 0.005091(2900)(563.205)
𝐴𝑠 = 8314.954 mm2
no. of steel bars
𝐴
𝑁= 𝑠
𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
8314.954
𝑁= 𝜋 2
4
25
𝑁 = 16.939 𝑝𝑐𝑠
𝑠𝑎𝑦 17 − 25𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

A concrete pad is placed horizontally. It is subjected to a downward force Q = 300 kN acting

eccentrically with a = 0.7m and b = 0.4m. The pad is 4.0m x 3.0m being the longer side as parallel one to
x-axis.
1. Solve the maximum pressure acting on the pad.
2. Solve the minimum pressure acting on the pad.
3. Solve the pressure acting on the center of the pad.
4. Solve the pressure acting at the location of the force Q.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Combined stresses,
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑐 𝑀𝑦 𝐶
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼

Moment of Inertia,
𝐿𝑊 3 4(3)3
𝐼𝑥 = = = 9𝑚4
12 12
𝑊𝐿3 3(4)3
𝐼𝑦 = = = 16𝑚4
12 12

𝑀𝑥 = 𝑄𝑎 𝑀𝑦 = 𝑄𝑏
𝑀𝑥 = 300 0.7 𝑀𝑦 = 300 0.4
𝑀𝑥 = 210 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑦 = 120 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

1. Solve the maximum pressure acting on the pad.

Taking compressive force as positive,
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑐 𝑀𝑦 𝐶
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
300 210(1.5) 120(2)
𝑞(𝑚𝑎𝑥.) = + +
3(4) 9 16
𝒒(𝒎𝒂𝒙.) = 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂

2. Solve the minimum pressure acting on the pad.

Taking compressive force as positive,
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑐 𝑀𝑦 𝐶
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
300 210 1.5 120 2
𝑞(𝑚𝑖𝑛.) = − − = −25 𝑘𝑃𝑎
3(4) 9 16
300 210 1.5 120 2
𝑞(𝑚𝑖𝑛.) = + − = 45 𝑘𝑃𝑎
3(4) 9 16
300 210 1.5 120 2
𝑞(𝑚𝑖𝑛.) = − + = 5 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (governs)
3(4) 9 16
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

3. Solve the pressure acting on the center of the pad.

Taking compressive force as positive,
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑐 𝑀𝑦 𝐶
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
300 210(0) 120(0)
𝑞(𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟) = + +
3(4) 9 16
𝒒(𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓) = 𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂

4. Solve the pressure acting at the location of the force Q.

Taking compressive force as positive,
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑐 𝑀𝑦 𝐶
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
300 210(0.7) 120(0.4)
𝑞(𝑎𝑡 𝑄) = + +
3(4) 9 16
𝒒(𝒂𝒕 𝑸) = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝑷𝒂
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

A rectangular footing is subjected to factored axial load of 3000 kN and factored moment of 600 kN.m.
The effective depth of the footing is 650 mm
DIMENSIONS:
Footing: 3.0m x 5.0m x 750 mm
Column: 680mm diameter
1. Compute the critical nominal one-way shear stress.
2. Compute the critical nominal punching shear stress.
3. Compute the critical moment.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Transform circular column into equivalent square column,

𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝐴𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝜋
(680)2 = 𝑧 2
4
𝑧 = 602.634 𝑚𝑚

Moment of Inertia,
𝐿𝐵3
𝐼=
12
5(3)3
𝐼=
12
𝐼 = 11.25 𝑚4
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ultimate Soil Bearing Pressures,

Maximum,
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑐 𝑀𝑦 𝐶
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
3000 600(1.5)
𝑞𝑢(𝑚𝑎𝑥.) = +
3(5) 11.25
𝑞𝑢(𝑚𝑎𝑥.) = 280 𝑘𝑃𝑎

Minimum,
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑐 𝑀𝑦 𝐶
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
3000 600(1.5)
𝑞𝑢(𝑚𝑖𝑛.) = −
3(5) 11.25
𝑞𝑢(𝑚𝑖𝑛.) = 120 𝑘𝑃𝑎
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

1. critical nominal one-way shear stress

CASE 1 CASE 2

𝐿 = 2𝑚 + 2𝑑 + 𝑧 𝐵 = 2𝑛 + 2𝑑 + 𝑧
5 = 2𝑚 + 2 0.65 + 0.602634 3 = 2𝑛 + 2 0.65 + 0.602634
𝑚 = 1.549 𝑚 𝑛 = 0.549 𝑚
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Analyze CASE 1,
𝐹𝑣 = 0]
−𝑉𝑢 + 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 0
1
−𝑉𝑢 + [𝑞𝑢(𝑚𝑎𝑥.) + 𝑞𝑢(𝑚𝑖𝑛.) ](𝐵)(𝑚) = 0
2
1
−𝑉𝑢 + 280 + 120 3 1.549 = 0
2
𝑉𝑢 = 929.210 𝑘𝑁

Nominal Shear,
𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 𝑢
𝜙𝐵𝑑
929.210𝑥103
𝑓𝑣 =
0.75(3000)(650)
𝑓𝑣 = 0.635 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Analyze CASE 2,
Solve for 𝑞𝑢1 ,
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑐 𝑀𝑦 𝐶
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
3000 600(1.5−0.549)
𝑞𝑢1 = +
3(5) 11.25
𝑞𝑢1 = 250.737 𝑘𝑃𝑎
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Analyze CASE 2,
𝐹𝑣 = 0]
−𝑉𝑢 + 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 0
1
−𝑉𝑢 + [𝑞𝑢(𝑚𝑎𝑥.) + 𝑞𝑢1 ](𝐿)(𝑛) = 0
2
1
−𝑉𝑢 + 280 + 250.737 5 0.549 = 0
2
𝑉𝑢 = 728.016 𝑘𝑁

Nominal Shear,
𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 𝑢
𝜙𝐿𝑑
728.016𝑥103
𝑓𝑣 =
0.75(5000)(650)
𝑓𝑣 = 0.299 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Case 1 governs,
𝒇𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

2. critical nominal two-way shear stress

𝐹𝑣 = 0]
𝑉𝑢 + 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 − 3000 = 0
1 2
𝑉𝑢 + [𝑞(𝑚𝑎𝑥.) + 𝑞(𝑚𝑖𝑛.) ] 𝑧 + 𝑑 − 3000 = 0
2
1 2
𝑉𝑢 + [280
+ 120] 0.602634 + 0.65 − 3000 = 0
2
𝑉𝑢 = 2686.181 𝑘𝑁

Nominal Shear,
𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 𝑢
𝜙𝑃𝑜 𝑑
2686.181𝑥103
𝑓𝑣 =
0.75[4 602.634+650 ](650)
𝒇𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
 CASE 2
CASE 1
SAMPLE PROBLEM
3. critical moment,
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Analyzing CASE 1,

Take moment at critical section (face of column),

𝑀𝑥 = 0]
−𝑀𝑥 + 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 (𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑚) = 0
1 𝑥
−𝑀𝑥 + [𝑞(𝑚𝑎𝑥.) + 𝑞(𝑚𝑖𝑛.) ](𝐵)(𝑥) =0
2 2
1 2.199
−𝑀𝑥 + [280
+ 120](3)(2.199) = 0
2 2
𝑴𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟐 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

𝐿 = 2𝑥 + 𝑧
5 = 2𝑥 + 0.602634
𝑥 = 2.199 𝑚
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Analyzing CASE 2,
Solve for 𝑞𝑢4 ,
𝑃 𝑀𝑥 𝑐 𝑀𝑦 𝐶
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
3000 600(1.5−1.199)
𝑞𝑢4 = +
3(5) 11.25
𝑞𝑢4 = 216.070 𝑘𝑃𝑎

Take moment at critical section (face of column),

𝑀𝑤 = 0]
−𝑀𝑤 + 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 (𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑚) = 0
1 2 𝑤
−𝑀𝑤 + [𝑞(𝑚𝑎𝑥.) − 𝑞𝑢4 ](𝐿) 𝑤 + 𝑞𝑢4 (𝐿) =0
2 3 2
1 2
−𝑀𝑤 + 280 − 216.070120 (1.199) 5 1.199
2 3
𝐵 = 2𝑤 + 𝑧 1.199
+216.070(1.199)(5) =0
3 = 2𝑤 + 0.602634 2
𝑤 = 1.199 𝑚 𝑴𝒘 = 𝟗𝟐𝟗. 𝟐𝟒𝟏 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Due to the pressure of ground water table and very weak soil strength, the structural engineer will use
footing on piles. Five piles will bea utilized; one directly below the column. Analyze the foundation.
LOADS
Column’s Axial Load : 4000 kN
Pile Cap’s Moment Load : 600 kN.m
PROPERTIES
Column: 500mm x 500mm
Pile Cap: 3.4m x 3.4m x 0.75m
0.6m effective depth
Spacing of Piles, s: 1.4m

1. Compute the one-way shear stress.

2. Compute the two-way shear stress.
3. Compute the critical moment.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

For Pile 1and Pile 2,

𝑃 𝑀 𝑐
PILE LOADS, 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 𝑢 ± 𝑢 2
𝑃𝑢 𝑀 𝑐 𝑁 𝑑
𝜎= ± 𝑢 4000 600(1.4)
𝐴𝑁
𝑃𝑢
𝐼
𝑀𝑢 𝑐
𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = +
5 7.84
𝜎= ± 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 907.143 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑁 𝐴𝑑 2
𝑃 𝑀 𝑐
𝜎𝐴 = 𝑢 ± 𝑢 2
𝑁 𝑑
𝑷 𝑴 𝒄 For Pile 3 and Pile 4
𝑹 = 𝒖 ± 𝒖𝟐 𝑃 𝑀 𝑐
𝑵 𝒅 𝑅3 = 𝑅4 = 𝑢 ± 𝑢 2
𝑁 𝑑
4000 600(1.4)
𝑅3 = 𝑅4 = −
5 7.84
𝑅3 = 𝑅4 = 692.857 𝑘𝑁

For Pile 5,
𝑃 𝑀 𝑐
Solving for 𝑑2 𝑅5 = 𝑢 ± 𝑢 2
𝑁 𝑑
𝑑 2 = 4(𝑠)2 4000 600(0)
𝑑 2 = 4(1.4)2 𝑅5 = +
5 7.84
𝑑 2 = 7.84 𝑚2 𝑅5 = 800 𝑘𝑁
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

One-Way shear stress,

𝑉𝑢
𝑓𝑣 =
𝜙𝐵𝑑
𝑅1 +𝑅2
𝑓𝑣 =
𝜙𝐵𝑑
2(907.143𝑥103 )
𝑓𝑣 =
0.75(3400)(600)
𝒇𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟖𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Two-Way shear stress,

𝑉𝑢
𝑓𝑣 =
𝜙𝑃𝑜 𝑑
𝑅1 +𝑅2 +𝑅3 +𝑅4
𝑓𝑣 =
𝜙𝑃𝑜 𝑑
2 907.143𝑥103 +2(692.857𝑥103 )
𝑓𝑣 =
0.75[4 500+600 ](600)
𝒇𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
CIE 120 – PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Critical Moment,

2𝑠 = 2𝑧 + 𝑎
2 1.4 = 2 𝑧 + 0.5
𝑧 = 1.15 𝑚

Take moment at critical section (face of column),

𝑀𝑧 = 0]
−𝑀𝑧 + 𝑅1 𝑧 + 𝑅2 𝑧 = 0
−𝑀𝑧 + 907.143 1.15 (2) = 0
𝑴𝒛 = 𝟐 𝟎𝟖𝟔. 𝟒𝟐𝟗 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎