Chapter – 9

Structured Query Language

Previous Year Question
1. The keyword is used in a SELECT statement to avoid duplicate
rows.
2. The columns used in a table are called ……………………….
3. Manju wants to create a table for a new inventory application. The
table contains the details of products in a shop. The details are item
code, description, stock quantity, reorder level. Write SQL
commands to create this table with necessary constraints.
4. Name any two aggregate functions.
5. A village hospital has maintained a database for pa-tients with fields
IPNO primary key varchar(10), Patient Name varchar(20), Age
number(3), Roomno number(3) Write SQL queries to do the
following:
6. Duplication of data is called __________
7. Explain aggregate functions.
OR
Write any four Aggregate functions in SQL and its use
8. Which command is used to remove a table from a database?
9. View can be used just like a table. Then what is the purpose of
creating view?
10. Ceena wants to delete the records or all commerce Students
having marks less than 35 from the table named Student. Write the
SQL command for this. Name, Reg No,subject and marks are the
fields of the table
11. Which key word can be used with SELECT command to avoid
duplication of rows in the selection?
12. A company wants to create a table to store the stock
details.Write SQL commands forthe following.
1) Create a table with name stock and fields item code, name, qty
and unit price.
2) Insert 2 records into the table.
3) Display the items in the ascending order of name.
4) List all the items where qty is less than 10

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 5) List all items with price greater than 100.
Name field is char type and others are numeric.
13. What are the features of Data manipulation language which
makes it attractive?
14. Prabha created a table in SQL with 10 records. Which DML
command is used to change the values in a column of specified
rows? Write the format also.
15. Write a query on the CUSTOMER table whose out put will
exclude all customers with a RATING <=100, unless they are
located in Kochi.
16. A table BANK consists of fields A/c. No, Customer Name,
age,Type of deposits (Savings, Current, Fixed), Deposited Amount.

Write SQL statements to

a) Display A/c. No. and Customer Name whose age is greater than
60.
b) Display A/c.No. and Customer Name of those who having
Savings A/c.
c) Display the Customer Names which starting with the alphabet A.
d) Display the A/c. No. and Customers Names of those who
deposited above 1 lakh rupees as Fixed Deposit.
e) To include a new field Address.

17. Find the odd one out.

(a)Oracle
(b) SQLServer
(c) DDL
(d) MySql
18. Can you find any alternate keys in the following table? Justify
your answer.

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19. A table Student consists of fields Rollno, Name, Batch and
Mark.
Write SQL statements to
a) Display Rollno and Name of Students where mark is less than 90
and greater than 70.
b) Display Rollno and Name of all Students in science batch whose
mark is more than 90.
c) Display Names of all Students in Commerce and Humanities
batches.
d) Display the Rollno and Name in the ascending order of batch and
descending order of Mark.
e) Display the number of Students in each batch.
20. Write the essential clause required for each of the following
SQL command.
21. Write the syntax of Create Table Command
22. Consider the following table Student:

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 a) Write a query to display names and percent of all mate Students in
the Science branch.
b) Write an UPDATE command to set the Course attribute with
‘Humanities’ whose NAME is “Shiji”.
23. The SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) includes a
Query language based on relational algebra.
a) Give any four commands used in DML.
b) Write an SQL statement to INSERT values to the fields (adm_no,
name, course, percent) with values (101, “Anoop”, “Science”, 75)
for the table STUD.
24. Tina wants to create a t^ble named mark with the fields name,
regno, mark 1, mark 2 and total. Write the SQL commands to create
the table with regno as primary key.
25. While naming a table in SQL, Reena typed ‘Select’ as thetable
name. Isthere any mistake? Give reason.
26. Give the correct syntax of the queries in SQL for the
following:
a) Renaming a table
b) Deleting rows from a tble .
C) Changing definition of a column
d) Removing columns from a table
e) Addinganewcolumn
27. Give the output obtained with the pattern match ‘i—”In the
string board.
28. What happens when we use DELETE FROM command
without AWHERE clause
29. Ifa table named mark” has field’s regNo. subcode and marks
write SQL statements for the following:
a) List the subject codes eliminating duplicates.
b) List the marks obtained by Students with subject codes 3001 and
3002.
c) Arrange the table based on marks for each source
d) List all the Students who have obtained marks above 90 for the
subject codes 3001 and 3002.
e) List the contents of the table in the descending order of marks.
30. Distinguish between DDL and DML and give examples for
each type.

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31. Null values in tables are specified as “null”. State whether true
or false.
32. Which command is used to delete the table?
a) delete from
b) drop table
c) deletetable
d) dropview
33. Differentiate between CHAR and VARCHAR data types in
SQL.
34. Name the most appropriate SQL data type required to store the
following data:
a) Name of a Student (maximum 70 characters)
b) Date of Birth of a Student
c) Percentage of marks obtained (correct to 2 decimal places)
35. As part of your school project you are asked to create a
relation Student.contains the details of 10 Students with the fields
Roll No., Name, Date of Birth and Score in IT. The constraints
required are – Roll No. is the primary key, name cannot be empty
and score in IT should be less than 60. Based on this table Student
answerthe following queries in relational algebra.
a) Display the details of Students whose-score is greater than 50.
b) Display the name of Students whose score lies between 45 and or
equal to 60.
36. The structure of a table is given to store the details of marks
scored by Students in an examination.

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 Write SQL statements for the creation of the table and the following
requirements:
a) Insert data into the fields (at least 10 records).
b) Display the details of all Students.
c) List the details of Science group Students.
d) Count the number of Students in each course.
e) Add a new column named Total to store the total marks.
Fill the column Total with the sum of the six marks of each Student.
g) Display the highest total in each group.
h) Find the highest, lowest and average score in Subject 6 in
Commerce group.
i) Display the names in the alphabetical order in each course.
j) Display the name of the Student with the highest total.
37. The structure Qf a table is given to store the details of items in
a computer shop

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 Write SQL statements for the creation of the table and the following
requirements.
a) Insert data into the fields (at least 10 records).
b) Display the details of all items in the table.
c) Display the names of items and total price of each.
d) List the items manufactured by a company (specify the name)
available in the table,
e) Find the number of items from each manufacturer.
f) Display the details of items with the highest price.
g) List the names of items whose price is more than the average
price of all the items. ‘
h) Display the names of items purchased after 1 -1 -2015.
i) Get the details of items manufactured by two or three companies
(specify the names) available in the table.
j) Display the details of items from a company (specify the name)
with a stock of more than 20 pieces.
38. The structure of a table is given to store the details of higher
secondary school teachers.

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 Write SQL statements for the creation of the table and the following
requirements:
a) Insert data into the fields (at least 10 records).
b) Display the details of all female teachers in the table.
c) List the details of male teachers in the Science department.
d) Display the names and basic pay of teachers in the Language
department whose basic pay is Rs. 21000/-or more.
e) Display the names and 71 % of basic pay of the teachers.
f) Find the numbe of teachers in each department.
g) Display the details of teachers whose basic pay is less than the
average basic pay.
h) List the male teachers who joined before 1-1-2010.
i) Increment the basic pay of all teachers by Rs. 1000/-.
j) Delete the details of teachers from the Language department.
39. The structure of a table s given to store the details of
customers in a bank.

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 Write SQL statements for the creation of the table and the following
requirements:
a) insert data into the fields (at least lo records).
b) Display the details of customers having SB ac count.
c) Display the names of customers with a balance among greater
than Rs. 5000/-.
d) Display the details of female customers with a balance amount
greater than Rs. 10000/-
e) Cpunt the number of male and female customers.
f) Display the names of customers with the highest balance amount.
g) Display the names of customers whose names end with ‘kumar.
h) Update the balance amount of a particular cus tornerwith a deposit
amount of Rs. 2000/-.
i) Display the details of customers with a tax deduction of 2% of the
balance amount for those wtio have Rs. 2,00,000/- ¡n their account.
j) Delete the details of customers with current acco un
40. The command to remove rows from a table ‘CUSTOMER’ is:
a) Remove From Customer
b) Drop Table Customer
c) Delete From Customer
d) Update Customer

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41. If values for some columns are unknown, how is a row
inserted?
42. Distinguish between CHAR and VARCHAR data types of
SQL.
43. What is the difference between PRIMARY KEY and
UNIQUE constraints?
44. What do you mean by NULL value in SQL?
45. Which of the following is the correct order of clauses for the
SELECT statements?
46. The SQL operator …………….. is used with pattern
matching.
47. Read the following strings :
i) ‘Sree Kumar’
ii) ‘Kumaran’
iii) ‘Kumar Shanu’
iv) ‘Sreekumar’
Choose the correct option that matches with the pattern ‘%Kumar’,
when used with LIKE operator in a SELECT statement.
a) Strings (i) and (ii) only
b) Strings (i), (iii) and (iv) only
c) Strings (i) and (iii) only
d) All the strings
48. List any five built-in functions of SQL arid the value- returned
by each.
49. Distinguish between WHERE clause and HAVING clause.
50. Write any four DML commands in SQL.
51. Write the essential clause required for each of the following
SQL command.
a) Insert Into
b) Select
c) Update
52. Consider the given table Cùstomer and write the out put of the
following SQL queries:

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a) SELECT * FROM customer WHERE
Amount>25000:

b) SELECT Name FROM customer

WHERE Branch IN (‘Calicut, ‘Kannur’);

c) SELECT COUNT (*) FROM customer WHERE

Amount < 20000;

d) SELECT Name FROM customer WHERE Name like %m%;

e) SELECT * FROM customer ORDER BY Amount DESC;

53. Distinguish between COUNT (*) and COUNT (column-

name).
54. Consider the given table ITEMS.

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 a) Suggest a suitable primary key for the above table. Give
justification.
b) write SQL statements for the following:
i) To list all stationery items.
ii) To list itern code. name and profit of all items.
iii) To count the number of items in each category.
iv) To list all stationery items in the descending order of their unit
price.
v) To find the item with the highest selliñg price.
vi) To, create a view that contains the details of all stationery items.
55. What are the different modifications that can be made on the
structure of a table? Which is the SQL corn mand required for this?
Specify the clauses needs for each type of modification.
56. A table is created in SQL with 10 records. Which SQL
command is used to change the values in a column of specified
¿ows? Write the format.
57. Name the keyword used with SELECT command to avoid
duplication of values in a column.
58. Distinguish between DISTINCT and UNIQUE in SQL.

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59. Pick the odd one out and give reason:
a) CREATE
b) SELECT
c) UPDATE
d) INSERT

Solution
1. Distinct
2. Attributes
3. Create table inventory item code mt not null primary key, despite
char(30) not null.ock_qty mt, rol mt);
4. SUM().AVG()
5. a) Alter table patient add(Doctorname char(20) not null);
b) Update patient set Doctorname= ‘LINDA’where IPNO=30;
c) Select ‘from patient group by Doctorname;
d) Select * from patient where age between 20 and 30;
e) Select * from patient where PatientName like ‘An%’;
6. Data Redundancy
7. 1) Sum() – To find the total of column name specified as the
argument.
2) Avg()- To find the average of column name speci-fied as the
argument.
3) Min() – To find the smallest value of column name specified as
the argument.
4) Max() – To find the largest value of column name specified as the
argument.
5) Count()- To find the number of values in the col-umn specified as
the Argument.
8. DROP TABLE <table name>
9. A view is a virtual table. That means it really does not exist. We can
create a view based upon a table. If we create a view all users cannot
see the entire data base.It gives high security.

10. Delete from Student where Subject-Commerce’ and

Marks<35.

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11. Distinct
12. 1) Create table stock(itemcode decimal(4), name char(25),qty
decimal(4),pricedecimal(8,2));
2) insert into stock values (101, ‘Pears’, 1000,48);
3) select name from stock order by name;
4) select name from stock where qty < 10;
5) select name from stock where price < 100;
13. DML related to the instance of the data base, provides
commands for inserting rows into table, deleting rows from the
table. It also facilitates the modification of the Contents of the tables
and it allows the retrieval of information from the data base. The
DML commands are insert, update, delete and select.
14. The update is the DML command used to change the values in
a column of specified rows. The keyword set is used and the clause
where is also used to change the specified row. The syntax is given
below: Update <table name> set <column name> = value where
<condition>;

Ex: update Student set age =17 where rollno = 1;

15. Select * from CUSTOMER where RATING <=100 and

Place= ‘Kochi’
16. a) Select Acc No, Name from Bankwhere age>=60;
b) Select accno, name from Bank where type_of_deposits=’savings’;
c) Select name from Bank where name like‘A%’;
d) Select accno, name from Bank where
type_of_deposits=‘savings’and amount>100000;
e) Alter table Bank add (Address char(30))
17. DDL
18. The candidate key that is not the primary key is called the
alternate key. Here the candidate keys are Reg.No, Roll No.+year,
Roll No. + name. If we set Reg.No. as the primary key then the other
keys are alternate keys.
19. a) Select RollNo.Name from Student where Mark<90 and
Mark > 70;
b) Select RollNo.Name from Student where . Batch-Science’ and
Mark > 90;

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 c) Select Name from Student where Batch- Com-merce’
OrBatch=’Humanities‘;
d) Select RollNo.Name from Student order by Batch, Mark desc;
e) Select Batch,Count(Mark) from Student group by Batch;
20. Write the essential clause required for each of the following
SQL command.
a) Insert Into – Values
b) Select – From
c) Update – Set
21. Create table <table name>(<column name> <datatype>
[(size)] [<column constraints-],<column names <datatype> [(size)]
[<column constraints>],);
22. a) select Name, Per from Student where Sex=’M’ and
Course=’Science’;
b) Update Student set Course=’Humanities’ where Name-Shiji’;

23. a) Insert, delete, select and update

b) insert into STUD values(101,’Anoop’,’Science’,75);

24. Create table mark(name char(20), regno decimal(4) not null

primary key,mark1 decimal(3), mark2 decimal^), total decimal(3));
25. Yes, The Key words (Reserved words) or commands cannot
used to name a table. Select is a keyword.
26. a) Alter table <table name>
Rename to <New table name>

b) Delete from <table name>

[where <condition>];

c) Alter table <table name>

modify <column name>cdata type>
[<size>] [<constraint>];

d) Altertable <table narne>drop <column name>;

e) Altertable<table name> add <column name>

<data type> [<size>] [<constraint>];

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27. “_ _ _” matches any string of exactly 3 characters without any
space in between them, Hence “board” will not select.
28. All the tu pies (rows/records) are deleted from the table.
29. a) Select distinct subcode from mark;
b) Select marks from mark where subCode= 3001 orsubCode =
3002;
c) Select * from mark order by subcode, marks;
d) Select * from mark where subcode in (3001,3002) and marks >90;
e) Select *from mark order by marks desc;
30. Data Definition Language(DDL) – It is used to define the
structure of a table.

Data Definition Language is used to specify the definitions of Database

Schema. The result of the compilation of DDL statements is a set of
tables stored in a special file called data dictionary.

DDL Commands are Create table, Alter table and Drop table.

Data Manipulation Language(DML) – It is used to add, retrieve, modify

and delete records in a database.lt is a language that enable users to
access or manipulate data in the database. It also provides interfaces
with programming languages.

DML Commands are select, insert, update and delete

31. False. (without double quotes i.e. null is then it is true.)

32. b) drop table
33. Char – It is used to store fixed number of characters. It is
declared as char(size).

Varchar – It is used to store-characters but it uses only enough

memory.

It is declared as varchar(size).

34. a) varchar

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 b) date
c) decimal
35. Student

a) σIT_Score > 50 (Student)

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 b) π Name (σ IT_Score > 45 and IT_Score<=60 (Student))

36.

a)

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 b)

37. mysql>create table shop (ItemNo int primary key, name

char(30) not null,
DOP date,
UnitPricefloat(8,2),
Qty int,
mfrer char(30));

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38. mysql>create table hsst (Teache rld in primary key, name
varchar(30) not null,
gender char,
DOJ date,
Dept varchar(15),
BP float(8,2));
a) mysql>insert into hsst values(1,’Jose’,’M’,‘2002-01-01
‘,‘Science’,25660);
mysql> insert into hsst values(2’Christy’,’F’,‘2012-01-01
‘,‘Commerce’,20740);
mysql>insert into hsst values(3,’Geejo George’,’M’, ‘2007-01-01
‘,‘Humani’ties’,22360);
b) mysql>select * from hsst where gender=’F’;

c) mysql>select * from hsst where gender=’M’ and

Dept= Science’;

d) mysql>select name, BP from hsst where

dept=’Language’ and BP >21 000;

e) mysql>select name, BP*.71 from hsst;

f) mysql>select Dept,count(*) from hsst group by Dept;
g) mysql>select * from hsst where BP < (select avg(BP) from hsst);

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 h) mysql>select * from hsst where gender=’M’ and DOJ<2010-01-
01’;
i) mysql>update hsst set BP=BP+1000;
j) mysql>delete from hsst where Dept=’Language’;

39. mysql>create table customer

AccNo mt primary key,
name varchar(30),
gender char,
DOJ date,
TypeOfAcc char(8),
Balance double(10,2));

a) mysql>inserl ¡ nb customer values

(1001 ,‘Adeline’,’F’,’2008-11-26’’SB’,50000.O0);

mysql>insert into customer values

(1 002,’Aivis’ ‘M’, ‘2007-05-19 ‘Current50O000.00);
mysql>insert ¡rito customer values
(1003, ‘Andrea’,’F’, 2012-07-29’, ‘SB’450000.00);

b) mysql>select from customer where TypeofAcc=’SB’;

c) mysql>select name from customer where Balance>5000;
d) mysql>select name from customer where gender=’F’ and Balance>1
0000;
e) mysql>select gender,count(*) from customer group by gender;

mysql>select name from customer where Balance=(select

max(Balance) from customer);
g) mysqi> select name from customer where name like “%kumar”;
h) mysql’update customer set Balance= Balance+
2000whereAccno=1001;
i) mysql>select Accno,name, Balance*.02 from customer where
Balance>=200000;
j) mysql > delete from customer where Type OtAcc = ‘Current’;

40. Delete From Customer

41. In this occasion the column list must be included, following
the table name.

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 Eg. INSERT INTO <TABLE NAME> (COLUMN NAME1,
COLUMN NAME2, ….) VALUES (VALUE1, VALUE2,… .);
42. Char- It is used to store fixed number of characters. It is
declared as char(size).
Varchar – It is used to store characters but it uses only enough
memory.
It is declared as varchar(size).
43. Unique – It ensures that no two rows have the same value in a
column.
Primary key – Similar to unique but it can be used only once in a
table.

The strings
(i) and
(iv) only

44. Null is a key word in SQL that represents an empty * value.

45. a. Select From, Where, Order By
46. Like Operator
47.

48. Aggregate functions

1. Sum()- find the total of column.
2. Avg() – find the average of a column.
3. Min()- find the smallest value of a column.

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 4. Max() – find the largest value of the column.
5. Count() -find the number of values in a column.
49. Where clause is used to specify the condition.
Syntax: Select * from Student where roll=1;

Having clause is used with Group By to give conditions and to ofrm

groups of records, not individual rows.

50. The four DML commands are

1) Insert
2) Update

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 3) Select
4) Delete
51. a) Insert Into – Values
b) Select – From
c) Update – Set
52. (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

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 (e)

53. Count() – find the number of non null values in a column.

Cou nt(*) This is used to find the number of records with at least one
field.
54. a) Item code is the primary key for the table

b) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

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(iv)

(v)

(vi)

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 55. Alter table command is used to modify existing column or add
new column to an existing table. There are 2 keywords used ADD
and MODIFY.

We can alter the table in two ways.

We can add a new column to the existing table using the following
syntax,

ALTER TABLE <tabiename>ADD(<cloumnname> <type>

<constraint>);

We can also cha rige or modify the existing column in terms of type or
size using the following syntax,
ALTER TABLE<tablename>MODIFY(<column> <newtype>);

56. UPDATE command s used for this.

Syntax : UPDATE <table name> set <column name>=value where
condition.

57. DISTINCT

58. DISTINCT – This keyword is used to avoid duplicate values

in a column of a table.
Unique – It ensures that no two rows have the same value in a
column.

59. a) CREATE, It is a DDL command the others are DML

commands

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