Chapter 2

Previous Year Questions

Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming

1. Compare static and dynamic polymorphism. [MARCH – 2016] (3)

2. Differentiate between Data Abstraction and Data Encapsulation.
[MARCH – 2017] (3)
3. Protecting data from access by unauthorized function is Data
(a) Polymorphism
(b) encapsulation
(c) data abstraction
(d) Inheritance
4. The act of partitioning a program into individual components is
called,
(a) Polymorphism
(b) encapsulation
(c) data abstraction
(d) modularity
5. Which of the following is not an OOP concept?
(a) Overloading
(b) procedural programming
(c) data abstraction
(d) Inheritance
6. The ability for a message or data to be processed in more than one
form is called 6303 message or data.
(a) Polymorphism
(b) encapsulation
(c) data abstraction
(d) Inheritance
7. C++ is a ……. language.
(a) Qbject based
(b) non-procedural
(c) Object-oriented
(d) procedural
8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of OOP?

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 (a) It emphasises more on procedure rather than data.
(b) It models real world
(c) It wraps up related data items and associated functions in the
unit.
(d) None of the above
9. Which among the following is true about OOPs.
(a) It supports data abstraction
(b) It supports polymorphism
(c) It supports structured programming.
(d) It supports all the above
10. Identify the correct statements from the following.
(a) Procedural programming approach aims more at procedures.
(b) The object-oriented approach views a problem in terms of
objects involved.
(c) Real life cannot be modeled in OOP.
(d) Procedures takes a secondary status in object-oriented approach.
11. “One form many behaviours” represents
(a) modularity
(b) Abstraction
(c) polymorphism
(d) Inheritance
12. What do you understand by programming paradigm?
13. What are the characteristics of procedural paradigm?
Procedural programming.
14. Which of the following is not a programming paradigm?
(a) Object oriented
(b) Procedure oriented
(c) Both a and b
(d) Standard
15. In programming, modules are composed of
(a) data types
(b) functions
(c) statements
(d) programs
16. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. In procedural oriented programming, data is the reason for a
program’s existence.

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 2. The real word concept gets simplified using concept of
abstraction.
17. How does inheritance support ‘reusability’?
18. Define the term base class, subclass and the relationship
between a base class and subclass.
19. How the data is hidden and safe if encapsulation is
implemented?
20. Differentiate object and Class.
21. Distinguish class and object with the help of examples.
22. When we switch on the computer, booting takes place. We do
not know what all things are happening inside. Identify the OOP
concept that resembles this scenario. Give another situation that
resembles this concept.
23. Which of the following members of a C++ class data type are
hidden from accessing?
(a) Private and protected members
(b) Private and public members
(c) Public and protected members
(d) Private, public and protected members
24. Explain how operator overloading implements polymorphism.
25. You have seen a flask. When you put some ice-cubes in it, it
will stay there for hours without melting and when you pour some
hot water it will stay hot.
1. Name the OOP feature that we can correlate with this situation.
2. Write a short note about that feature
26. Suppose your school is selected as the venue for conducting
District youth festival. For the smooth functioning of the programme
different committees are formed and each committee is assigned
separate duties.
1. Which OOP feature can be correlated to this situation?
2. Write a brief note on that feature
27. You have seen the enquiry machine in a railway station. The
user just types in a few details like train number, station, and date.
The details of train, seat availability, fare, etc. will be displayed. The
user is not aware of its working. Which OOP feature can you
correlate with this situation?

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28. The famous luxury ship ‘TITANIC’ has provided all facilities
like food, entertainment and medical aid available at that time for its
passengers. Can you correlate this with any of the OOP features you
have left. Justify.
29. Using a real world example explain the concept of inheritance.
30. In an ATM machine the user will be given options to access
their account details, withdraw money, deposit money, etc. only. The
background details are not shown to the user.
1. Name the object oriented feature that we can correlate with this
situation.
2. Briefly explain about the feature.
31. Consider the diagram. Can you correlate any OOP feature
from this? Write a note on the feature.

32. Consider the following statements.

6 + 9 = 15 but ‘x’ + ‘yz’ = ‘xyz’ Which OOP feature can you infer
from the above. Explain.
33. Abstraction and encapsulation are complementary concepts of
OOP. Justify.
34. Write four reasons for the increasing complexity of procedural
programming.
35. List the advantages of Object Oriented Programming.
36. Identify a suitable attribute from the 2nd column and an
associated behaviour from 3rd column for each object in the 1st
column.
Object Attribute Behavior
i) Student a) Legs 1) Conducting
examination
ii) Fruit b) Admission number 2) Carrying a platform
iii) Furniture c) Speed 3) Ripening

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 d) Colour 4) Scoring mark

37. “School kalolsavam” is organised with the help of various

committees. Each committee is assigned with a specific task.
Identify the OOP concept that is analogous to this situation. Give
another real life case that resembles with this concept.
38. Look at the following figure:

1. Identify the OOP concept shown by the figure.

2. Write short note about this concept.

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 Solutions

1. There are 2 types of polymorphism they are static and dynamic.

a) Compile time (early binding/static) polymorphism It is the ability
of the compiler to relate or bind a function call with the function
definition during compilation time itself.
Examples are Function overloading and operator overloading
b) Run time (late binding/dynamic) polymorphism It is the ability of
the compiler to relate or bind a function call with the function
definition during mn time. It uses the concept of pointers and
inheritance.
2. Data Abstraction: Data abstraction refers to the act of representing
essential features without including the background details
Data Encapsulation: The wrapping up of data and functions into a
single unit. It is the mechanism that associates the code and the data
it manipulates and keep them safe from external interference and
misuse.
3. (b) encapsulation
4. (d) modularity
5. (b) Procedural programming
6. (a) Polymorphism
7. (c) Object-oriented
8. (a) It emphasises more on procedure rather than data.
9. (d) It supports all the above
10. (a), (b), (d)
11. (c) polymorphism
12. Paradigm means organizing principle of a program. It is an
approach to programming.
13. In procedural paradigm, the emphasis is on doing things. Data
is the reason for a program’s existence. Yet data is given second
class status while programming.
14. (d) Standard. This is not a programming paradigm

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15. (b) functions
16. 1. False. In procedural programming, the emphasis is on doing
actions or operations. Here data is not secure.
2. True. The real world concept gets simplified using concept of
abstraction. In object-oriented programming the problems are
viewed in terms of objects involved. Thus, modeling real-world
becomes easy in object oriented programming. Objects essential
features alone are represented. This property is known as data
abstraction.
17. Inheritance allows the addition of additional features to an
existing class without modifying it. One can derive a new class
(subclass) from an existing one and add new features to it. There is
reduction in amount of typing and efforts.
18. Inheritance is the capability of a class to inherit properties
from another class. That class that inherits from other class is
subclass and the other class is base class. For eg: when we say that
the class ‘student’ inherits from the class ‘person’, then ‘person’ is a
base class of ‘student’ and ‘student’ is a subclass of ‘person’.
19. Encapsulation is the way of combining both data and the
functions that operate on that data. Encapsulation is most often
achieved through information hiding, which is the process of hiding
all the secrets of an object that do not contribute to its essential
characteristics. The structure of an object is hidden.
20. An object is an identifiable entity with some characteristics
and behavior. It represents an entity that can store data and its
associated functions. A class is a group of objects that share
common properties and relationships. It represents a group of similar
objects
21. Class – A class is a collection of objects with similar
attributes.
Object – An object is an instance of the class. Furniture class is an
example for class. Chair, Table, etc. are the instances ie. objects of
the class furniture
22. Data abstraction: It refers to the act of representing essential
features without including the background details. Switchboard is an
example for this.
23. (a) Private and protected members

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24. Polymorphism is the ability for a message or data to be
processed in more than one form. This is achieved by function
overloading, operator overloading and dynamic binding.
25. 1. Polymorphism
2. Polymorphism is an essential feature of object oriented
programming. Polymorphism means having many forms. It is the
capability of an object to behave differently in response to a
message or action. That is, the same operation is performed
differently depending upon the type of data it is working with.
Polymorphism is implemented in C++ in two ways, compile time
polymorphism and runtime polymorphism
26. 1. Modularity
2. When programs become larger, the program is broken into
functions or modules. A module is separate unit in itself. Each
unit can be compiled separately. All modules work hand in hand
in order to achieve the program’s goal. The act of partitioning a
program into individual unit is called modularity. It reduces
program’s complexity.
27. Data Abstraction:
Data abstraction is an important feature of OOP. It refers to the act
of representing essential features without including the background
details or explanations. Abstraction supports data hiding so that only
the relevant information is expressed to the user and the rest of the
information remains hidden from the user.
28. Encapsulation:
Encapsulation is the most fundamental concept of OOP. Placing data
and functions together is the central idea of object oriented
programming. This is known as Encapsulation.
29. Parent child relationship is the best example of inheritance.
Child derives properties of parents. C++ supports inheritance.
It is the capability of one class to inherit properties from another
class. In other words, inheritance is the process of creating new
classes called derived classes, from existing base classes. The
derived class inherits all the properties of base class but can add
features of its own. The base class is unchanged by this process.

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30. 1. Data abstraction
2. Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features
without including the background details or explanations.
Abstraction supports data fiding so that only the relevant
information is expressed to the user and the rest of information
remains hidden from the user.
31. Data Encapsulation. Placing data and functions together is the
central idea of object oriented programming. This is encapsulation. It
is a way to implement abstraction by wrapping up data and
associated functions into a single unit.
32. Polymorphism. Polymorphism is the ability for a message or
data to be processed in more than one form. The same operation is
performed differently depending upon type of data it is working
with.
33. Abstraction and encapsulation are complementary concepts of
OOP. Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features
without including the background details. Encapsulation is wrapping
up of data and functions into a single unit. Abstraction focuses upon
the observable behaviour of an object, whereas encapsulation
focuses upon the implementation that gives rise to this behavior.
34. Following are the main reasons of increasing the procedural
language complexity.
1. Data is undervalued
2. Adding new data requires modifications to all/many functions.
3. Creating new data types is difficult
4. Provides poor real world modeling
35. Advantages:
1. OOP allows modularity (divide the large programs into smaller
ones.)
2. it is good for defining abstract data types
3. It allows data abstraction
4. It allows code reusability
5. Real life entities can be easily created

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 6. It supports to create new data types.
36. i) → b → 4
ii) → d → 3
iii) → a → 2
37. The OOP concept used in this situation is modularity.
Consider the situation to fill up the application forms of students in a
class. Suppose one application form takes nearly 5 minutes of time.
So a class teachers will take 5 * 50 = 250 minutes to fill up the
application forms of the entire class. Instead of this, the teacher
distributes the application forms to the students, that takes only 5
minutes and teachers gives 5 minutes instructures to the students
how to fill up the forms:
Next 5 minutes enough for the students to complete the work. After
that the next 5 minutes to return back the filled up application forms.
So the entire work will take only 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20 minutes
38. 1. Inheritance
2. Inheritance is the capability Of one class of things to inherit
properties from another class. The class from which attributes are
inherited is called the base class. The inherited class is called
derived class.

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