‭Unit 5: Linear Relations‬

‭Note Package‬

‭Math 9‬

‭Name: _____________________________‬

‭Class: ____________________‬

‭Unit Test: _________________________‬

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‭Topic A: Patterns and Lines‬
‭Whiteboard problem:‬

‭ atterns exist all throughout mathematics. Recall in exponents that all exponent laws work‬
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‭because they follow the patterns of multiplication. Patterns can be determined from visuals or a‬
‭sequence.‬

‭Consider the sequences below, what are some patterns?‬

‭a)‬ ‭b, e, h, k, …‬ ‭b)‬ ‭9, 4, -1, …‬ ‭c)‬ ‭4, 9, 16, 25, …‬

‭Example 1: Examine the figures below, answer the questions below‬

‭For each figure, describe any patterns, what remained the same and what changed?‬

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‭Lines are,‬

‭A linear equation‬‭takes‬‭the form,‬

‭A linear‬‭expression‬‭is similar to an equation but‬‭it DOES NOT have an equals sign.‬

‭Example 2: Below is the same figures from example 1,‬

‭Fill in the table based on the figures‬

‭Figure #,‬‭n‬ ‭Tiles,‬‭t‬

‭What is the linear equation for the following pattern?‬

‭How many tiles will there be in figure 7? Figure 100? Figure 234?‬
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‭Example 3: Determine a linear equation based on the pattern shown below.‬

‭Example 4: The table of a linear equation is shown below. What is the linear equation?‬

‭Number of Black Shapes (b)‬ ‭Number of White Shapes (w)‬

‭2‬ ‭7‬

‭3‬ ‭9‬

‭4‬ ‭11‬

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‭ xample 5: An airplane is cruising at a height of 10 000 m. It descends to land at a rate of 300‬
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‭meters per minute.‬

‭a)‬ ‭Create a table to‬

‭show its height‬
‭over 5 minutes.‬

‭b)‬ ‭Determine a‬
‭linear equation‬
‭to determine‬
‭when it will‬
‭land.‬

‭c)‬ W
‭ hen will it‬
‭reach 6700 m?‬

‭ xample 6: A taxi charges a flat rate of $3.60 plus an additional $0.25 for every kilometer driven.‬
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‭Create a table of the first 5 kms. Then determine a linear equation to determine how much you‬
‭will be charged for‬‭n‬‭kilometers.‬

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‭Topic B: Creating Graphs‬
‭Whiteboard problem:‬

‭Coordinate plane is used to plot points and draw lines.‬

‭Points on the coordinate plane are written as (x, y).‬

‭Example 1: Plot the following points on the coordinate plane‬

‭a) (2, 5)‬ ‭b) (-9, -3)‬ ‭c) (-2, 0)‬ ‭d) (0, 7)‬

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‭Example 2: Plot the following points and then determine the equation of the line‬

‭(2, 5) and (-4, 1)‬

‭ xample 3: Using the table of values, draw the graph of the line and determine the linear‬
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‭equation.‬

‭a)‬

‭x‬ ‭y‬

‭-3‬ ‭-5‬

‭-3‬ ‭-3‬

‭-3‬ ‭-1‬

‭-3‬ ‭1‬

‭-3‬ ‭3‬

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‭b)‬

‭x‬ ‭y‬

‭1‬ ‭-1‬

‭3‬ ‭-1‬

‭5‬ ‭-1‬

‭7‬ ‭-1‬

‭9‬ ‭-1‬

‭c)‬
‭m‬ ‭k‬

‭1‬ ‭3.5‬

‭2‬ ‭1.5‬

‭3‬ ‭-0.5‬

‭4‬ ‭-2.5‬

‭5‬ ‭-4.5‬

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‭ xample 4: An aquarium holds 1000L. The graph shows the relationship between time, t, and the‬
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‭number of liters, L, of water pumped from the aquarium.‬

‭a)‬ ‭How many liters of water at time 0?‬

‭b)‬ ‭What is the linear equation?‬

‭c)‬ ‭How long would it take to pump approximately 750 L of water?‬

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‭Topic C: Interpreting Graphs‬
‭Recall the equation of the line‬

‭Example 1: Match the equations to the appropriate graph.‬

‭𝑦‬ = ‭3‬‭𝑥‬ + ‭3‬ ‭𝑦‬ = ‭3‬ − ‭𝑥‬ ‭𝑦‬ = ‭3‬‭𝑥‬ − ‭3‬

‭Patterns:‬

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‭Interpolation‬‭is the when you have to estimate a value‬‭within a data set‬

‭Extrapolation‬‭is the when you have to estimate a value‬‭outside a given data set‬

‭ xample 2: Jenna borrows money from her parents for a school trip. She repays the loan by‬
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‭making regular weekly payments. The graph shows how the money is repaid over time.‬

‭a)‬ ‭How much money did Jenna originally‬

‭borrow?‬

‭b)‬ ‭How much money does she still owe after 3‬

‭weeks?‬

‭c)‬ ‭This is an example of‬

‭ xample 3: Maya jogs on a running track. This graph shows how far she jogs in 10 min. Assume‬
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‭Maya continues to jog at the same pace the entire time.‬

‭a) Predict how long it will take Maya to jog 2000 m.‬

‭b) Predict how far Maya will jog in 14 min.‬

‭c) This is an example of‬

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‭Topic D: One Step Problems‬
‭Whiteboard problem:‬

‭Recall the difference between a linear expression and a linear equation‬

‭Linear expression -‬

‭Linear equation -‬

S‭ olving linear equations involves inverse operations. What you do to one side of an equation you‬
‭must do to the other side to maintain equality! We call this combining like terms.‬

‭The inverse of addition is subtraction while the inverse of multiplication is division.‬

‭‬
3
‭Example 1: Use a model to solve the linear equation,‬‭2‬‭𝑥‬ = ‭4‬

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‭Example 2: Solve the following problems‬

‭a)‬ ‭𝑥‬ + ‭7‬ = ‭10‬ ‭b)‬ ‭𝑥‬ − ‭4‬ = ‭10‬ ‭c)‬ ‭8‬ + ‭𝑥‬ = ‭12‬

‭d)‬ ‭5‬‭𝑥‬ = ‭10‬ ‭𝑥‬ ‭f)‬ − ‭3‬. ‭9‬ = ‭1‬. ‭2‬‭𝑥‬

‭e)‬ ‭3‬ = ‭‬
2

‭Example 3: Translate the sentences into an algebraic expression or equation‬

‭a)‬ ‭An unknown number is tripled‬

‭b)‬ ‭Thirty six is added to a number‬

‭c)‬ ‭A person's age increased by four is twenty‬

‭‬
𝑑
‭An application of one step problems comes from the speed formula,‬‭𝑠‬ = ‭𝑡‬

‭ xample 4: The length of a Canadian football field, including the end zones, is 137.2 m. If a horse‬
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‭gallops at 13.4 m/s, how much time would it take the horse to gallop the length of the field?‬
‭Express your answer to the nearest tenth of a second.‬

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‭Topic E: Two Step Problems‬
‭Whiteboard problem:‬

J‭ ust like solving one step problems, two step problems involve using inverse operations. There is‬
‭just an additional step to solve for the variable.‬

‭1‬ ‭‬
3
‭Example 1: Use a model to solve the linear equation,‬‭2‬‭𝑥‬ + ‭10‬
= ‭5‬

‭ he goal of the two steps problem is to always isolate the variable. In other words we want the‬
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‭variable to be by itself on one side of the equation. Typically you need to first remove the constant‬
‭and then solve for x but there are cases when that is not possible.‬

‭Example 2: Solve the following problems‬

‭a)‬ ‭5‬‭𝑥‬ − ‭3‬ = ‭‬ − ‭28‬ ‭𝑥+

‬ ‭1‬ ‭c)‬ − ‭8‬ + ‭4‬‭𝑥‬ = ‭12‬
‭b)‬ ‭4‬
= ‭2‬

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 ‭𝑥‬ ‭𝑎‬ ‭f)‬ ‭4‬ = ‭4‬‭𝑎‬ − ‭14‬
‭d)‬ ‭‬
9
− ‭3‬ = ‭1‬ ‭e)‬ ‭2.‬‭8‬
− ‭2.‬ ‭5‬ = ‭‬ − ‭3‬. ‭7‬

‭Example 3: Translate the sentences into an algebraic expression or equation‬

‭a)‬ ‭Forty is five more than double a number‬

‭b)‬ ‭The product of six and a number decreased by 5‬

‭c)‬ ‭Six less than twice a number is 21‬

‭ xample 4: Colin has a long-distance telephone plan that charges 5¢/min for long-distance calls‬
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‭within Canada. There is also a monthly fee of $4.95. One month, Colin’s total long-distance‬
‭charges were $18.75. How many minutes of long-distance calls did Colin make that month?‬

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‭Topic F: Distributive Property‬
‭The distributive property is,‬

‭𝑎(‬ ‭𝑏‬ + ‭𝑐)‬ = ‭𝑎𝑏‬ + ‭𝑎𝑐‬

‭Example 1: Solve the following‬

‭a)‬ ‭3‬(‭𝑑‬ + ‭0‬. ‭4‬) = ‭‬ − ‭3‬. ‭9‬ ‭𝑡−

‬ ‭1‬ ‭‬
3
‭b)‬ ‭5‬
= ‭2‬

‭ xample 2: On a typical February day in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, the daily average‬
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‭temperature is -13.2 °C. The low temperature is -18.1 °C. What is the high temperature?‬

‭ xample 3: Luisa bought 5 concert tickets. She paid a $4.50 handling fee for each ticket. The total‬
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‭cost, before taxes, was $210. What is the cost of each ticket?‬

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‭Topic G: Multivariable Problems‬
‭Whiteboard problem:‬

‭ ultivariable problem involves the variable on both sides of the equation. Similar to how you‬
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‭need to combine like terms of constants, we need to combine the variables as like terms.‬

‭Example 1: Solve the following‬

‭a)‬ ‭2‬(‭𝑥‬ + ‭3‬) = ‭5‬(‭𝑥‬ − ‭6‬) ‭b)‬ ‭3‬(‭7‬ − ‭𝑥)‬ = ‭5‬(‭𝑥‬ + ‭7‬)

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‭Example 2: Solve the following‬

‭a)‬ ‭0‬. ‭5‬‭𝑥‬ = ‭1‬. ‭6‬ + ‭0‬. ‭25‬‭𝑥‬ ‭𝑏‬ ‭‬

1 ‭𝑏‬
‭b)‬ ‭‬
3
− ‭2‬
= ‭‬
6

‭ xample 3: Alain has $35.50 and is saving $4.25/week. Eva has $24.25 and is saving $5.50/week.‬
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‭In how many weeks from now will they have the same amount of money?‬

‭ xample 4: If 1.5(x + 1) + 3.5(x + 1) = 7.5, determine the value of -10(x + 1) without‬

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‭determining the value of x. Explain your reasoning.‬

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