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Problemset 3

This document outlines key concepts for Week 4 of PHYS 211, focusing on Newton's Laws, Free Body Diagrams (FBDs), and friction. It includes practical problems related to emergency ramps, friction on surfaces, and the forces acting on a decorative lamp in an elevator during an emergency stop. Relevant equations and kinematic principles are also provided for reference.

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william130702
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5 views5 pages

Problemset 3

This document outlines key concepts for Week 4 of PHYS 211, focusing on Newton's Laws, Free Body Diagrams (FBDs), and friction. It includes practical problems related to emergency ramps, friction on surfaces, and the forces acting on a decorative lamp in an elevator during an emergency stop. Relevant equations and kinematic principles are also provided for reference.

Uploaded by

william130702
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYS 211 Discussion Newton’s Laws + FBD Week 4

Concepts this Week

Relevant Lectures for Discussion:


• Lecture 5: Forces and Free Body Diagrams (FBDs)
1. The Free Body Diagram
2. Force Inventory
• Lecture 6: Friction
1. Kinetic Friction
2. Static Friction

Current PreLectures: PreLectures 5 and 6

Key concepts this week:


• Free Body Diagrams (PreLecture 5)
• Force Inventory (PreLecture 5)
◦ Normal Forces (no formula)
◦ Tension Forces (no formula)
! !
◦ Spring Forces ( F = −kx )
◦ Gravitational Forces
§ W = mg (near Earth surface)
mm
§ FGravity = G 1 2 2 (in general)
r
• Friction (PreLecture 6)

Kinetic Friction ( f k = µk N )

◦ Static Friction
§ No magnitude formula in general
§ Has a maximum possible value of µ s N
PHYS 211 Discussion Newton’s Laws + FBD Week 4

(A) Exit Ramp

On a trip to the Colorado Rockies, you notice that when the freeway goes steeply
down a hill, there are emergency exits every few miles. These emergency exits
are straight ramps which leave the freeway and are sloped uphill. They are
designed to stop runaway trucks and cars that lose their brakes on downhill
stretches of the freeway even if the road is covered with ice. You are curious, so
you stop at the next emergency exit to take some measurements. You determine
that the exit rises at an angle of 15o from the horizontal and is 125m long. What
is the maximum speed of a truck that you are sure will be stopped by this road,
even if the frictional force of the road surface is negligible?
PHYS 211 Discussion Newton’s Laws + FBD Week 4

(B) Friction Intro

(a) A block of mass m = 6 kg slides on a horizontal table. The kinetic coefficient of


friction between the block and the table is µ = 0.32. If the initial speed of the block
κ

is 8 m/s, how many seconds does it slide before stopping? Please draw a free body
diagram and include all the forces.

(b) A block of mass M = 10 kg is pulled across a horizontal table by a string. The kinetic
coefficient of friction between the block and the table is µ = 0.65. If the speed of the
κ

block is to be constant at 2 m/s, what must the tension in the string be? Please draw
a free body diagram and include all the forces.
PHYS 211 Discussion Newton’s Laws + FBD Week 4

(C) Emergency Stop

Your friend has been hired to design the interior of a special executive express
elevator for a new office building. This elevator has all the latest safety features
and will stop with an acceleration of g/4 in the case of an emergency. The
management would like a decorative lamp hanging from the unusually high
ceiling of the elevator. He designs a lamp which has three sections which hang
one directly below the other. Each section is attached to the previous one by a
single thin wire, which also carries the electric current. The lamp is also
attached to the ceiling by a single wire. Each section of the lamp weighs 10.0 N.
Because the idea is to make each section appear that it is floating on air without
support, he wants to use the thinnest wire possible. Unfortunately the thinner
the wire, the weaker it is. Since he knows that you have taken a course in
physics, he asks you to calculate the force on each wire in case of an emergency
stop.
PHYS 211 Discussion Newton’s Laws + FBD Week 4

Kinematics
g = 9.81 sm2 = 32.2 sft2
! ! !
v = v0 + at
! ! ! !
x = x0 + v0t + 12 at 2
v 2 = v02 + 2a x − x0
( )
! ! !
v A,B = v A,C + vC ,B

! ! !
v A,B = v A,C + vC ,B

Uniform Circular Motion


2
a = vr = ω 2 r
v = ωr

Dynamics
! ! !
Fnet = ma = ddtp
! !
FA,B = − FB,A
F = mg (near Earth’s surface)
mm
Fgravity = G 1 2 2 (in general)
r
(where G = 6.67 x 10-11)
Fspring = -kx

Friction
f = µkN (kinetic)
f ≤ µsN (static)

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