EEE 437

Wireless Communications
Dr. Md. Forkan Uddin
Professor
Dept. of EEE, BUET
Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh

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 Vision
 Course syllabus covers background materials of wireless
communications
 Knowledge of networking is also very important
 We will focus on background materials for research in wireless
communications and networking
 Knowledge of this course will help to work in telecom industries
and to pursue research is wireless communications

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 Outline
 Wireless communication systems, regulatory bodies
 Radio wave propagation
 Free-space and multi-path propagation
 Ray tracing models
 Empirical path loss models
 Large-scale and small-scale fading
 Power delay profile
 Doppler and delay spread, coherence time and bandwidth
 Statistical channel models
 Time-varying channel models
 Narrowband and wideband fading models
 Baseband equivalent model
 discrete-time model, space-time model, auto- and cross-correlation
 PSD, envelope and power distributions, scattering function.

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 Outline (Contd..)
Channel capacity
 Flat fading channels - CSI, capacity with known/partially known/unknown CSI
 Frequency-selective fading channels - time-invariant channels, time-varying
channels
 Performance of digital modulations
 Error and outage probability, inter-symbol interference, MPSK, MPAM,
MQAM, CPFSK
 Diversity techniques
 Time diversity - repetition coding, beyond repetition coding
 Antenna diversity - SC, MRC, EGC, space-time coding
 Frequency diversity - fundamentals, single-carrier with ISI equalization,
DSSS, OFDM.
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 Outline
 Space-time communications
 Multi-antenna techniques
 MIMO channel capacity and diversity gain
 STBC, OSTBC, QOSTBC, SM, BLAST
 Smart antennas
 Frequency-selective MIMO channels

 Broadband communications
 DSSS, FHSS, spreading codes
 RAKE receivers
 MC-CDMA
 OFDM
 OFDMA
 Multiuser detection
 LTE
 WiMAX
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 Books
1. Wireless Communications by Andrea Goldsmith

2. Modern Wireless Communications by S. Haykin and M. Moher

3. Wireless Communications by T.S. Rapaport

4. Wireless Communications and Networking by J. W. Mark and

W. Zhuang

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 Marks Distribution
 Attendance: 10%
 Class Tests: 20 % (Best 3 out of 4)
 Final: 70%

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Wireless Communication Systems
 We can transfer voice, data, videos, images etc by wireless
communication services,
 Wireless communication systems also provide different services like
video conferencing, cellular telephone, paging, TV, Radio etc
 Different types of Wireless Communication Systems are developed since
variety of communication services are required

•Television and Radio Broadcasting •WLAN (Wi-Fi)

•Satellite Communication •Bluetooth
•Global Positioning System (GPS) •ZigBee
•Mobile Telephone System (Cellular •Paging
Communication) •Cordless Phones
• Radar •Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
•Infrared Communication

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 Wireless Communication Systems
Television and Radio Broadcasting are Simplex Communication System
where the information is transmitted only in one direction and all the users
receiving the same data

Satellite communication contains two main components like the space

segment and the ground segment. The ground segment consists of fixed or
mobile transmission, reception and the space segment, which mainly is the
satellite itself.

GPS or global positioning system is a subcategory of Satellite

communication used to help by providing different wireless services such as
speed, location, navigation, positioning using satellites.

Mobile Cellular Communication Systems provided data and voice

communication facility with mobility over a larger range of area

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 Wireless Communication Systems
Radar is an electromagnetic sensor or detection system used to track, locate,
detect and identify different types objects at significant distances. The operation is
done by sending electromagnetic energy in the direction of objects (targets),
which observes the echoes.

IR is electromagnetic energy between microwaves and visible light. It is used

for security control, TV remote control, and short-range communications.

WiFi used by various electronic devices like smartphones, laptops for internet.
These networks allow users to connect only within close proximity to a router.
WiFi is very common in networking applications which affords portability
wirelessly.

Bluetooth technology permits to connect various electronic devices wirelessly to

a personal area for the transferring of data. Cell phones are connected to
hands-free earphones, mouse, wireless keyboard etc.

ZigBee technology is a low data rate, low power consumption, low cost,
wireless networking protocol targeted toward automation and remote control10
applications
 Wireless Communication Systems
Paging system allows one-way communication to a huge audience. It allows a
speaker to give clear, amplified commands throughout a capacity.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID is used to exclusively identify a person,

object and animal. It is used in manufacturing, healthcare, shipping, home use,
retail sales, inventory management, etc. RFID and barcode technology are
used in related methods to track inventory. In real-time, the data which is stored
within the RFID tag can be updated. However, the data in the bar code is read-
only and cannot be altered. RFID tags need a power source whereas the bar
codes simply need the technology to read the bar code to include a power
source.

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 Regulation Authority in BD
• Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission
(BTRC)
 Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB) had the
sole monopoly until mobile phone technology flourished and
foreign companies (trans-national corporations) started
operating in Bangladesh
 Bangladesh Telecommunication Act (Act 18 of 2001) paved the
way for the establishment of Bangladesh Telecommunication
Regulatory Commission (BTRC) in 2002
 Functions of the BTRC
• To regulate establishment, operation and maintenance of telecom
services in Bangladesh
• To control and abolish discriminatory practice and ensure level
playing field for the operators for healthy competition
• To grant license for establishing, operating telecommunication
system, providing telecom services, using radio apparatus
• To issue technical acceptance certificates
• To allocate frequency, monitor and manage spectrum
• To renew, suspend or cancel license, permits and certificates
• To approve tariff and call charges among the operators
• To inspect telecom installation and terminal apparatus etc.
• To stop interference caused by one operator to the another's service
systems
• To seize illegal equipments and apparatus, arrest the offenders,
investigate into the commission of offence by its own officer and
submit charge sheet
 International Body
International telecommunication union (ITU)
Formed in 1865 by the agreement of 20 countries of
standardize telegraph networks
Involved with telephony regulation, wireless radio
telecommunication and sound broadcasting
 In 1927, the union was involved in allocating frequency
bands for radio services
 In 1934, the union was named as ITU
ITU activities include co-ordation, development, regulation,
and standardization of internal telecommunications, as well as
the co-ordination of national policies
In 1993, the ITU went through reorganization into ITU-T
Telecommunication standard sector), ITU-R (Ratio
Communication sector) and ITU-D (Telecommunication
development center). 14
 International Body
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Its a regulatory body
 It is a government organization that regulates wire and radio
communications
Played an important role in the development of worldwide
specifications for radiation and susceptibility of electromagnetic
disturbances of telecommunications equipment

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