MTH122, Engineering Maths II

Test 1 Solution Manual

Sections 3B & 6B
Prepared by Dr. Kareem Elgindy
1. (a) (4 points) Solve the following linear system

3x1 + 2x2 − x3 = 5,

6x1 − 4x2 + 2x3 = 8,

9x1 + 5x2 − 3x3 = 13


using Elementary Row Operations ONLY.

(b) (1 point) Solve the linear system whose augmented matrix has been reduced by elemen-
tary row operations to the form shown below.
 
1 7 3 −4
 0 1 −1 3 
 
 0 0 0 1 
0 0 1 −2

Solution:
(a) The augmented matrix of the linear system is
     
3 2 −1 5 3 2 −1 5 3 2 −1 5
R2 ←R2 −2R1 R3 ←R3 −3R1
 6 −4 2 8  − −−−−−−→  0 −8 4 −2  −− −−−−−→  0 −8 4 −2 
9 5 −3 13 9 5 −3 13 0 −1 0 −2
   
1
R3 ←R3 − 8 R2
3 2 −1 5 3 2 −1 5
−4R3
−−−−−−−−→ 0 −8 4 −2 −−−→ 0 −8 4 −2
   .
0 0 − 21 − 47 0 0 2 7
The last matrix is now in REF and represents the system

3x1 + 2x2 − x3 = 5,

− 8x2 + 4x3 = −2,

2x3 = 7


which can be solved for the unknowns by a backward-substitution process to obtain

7
x3 = ,
2   
1 7
x2 = 4 + 2 = 2,
8 2
   
1 7 3
x1 = −2(2) + +5 = .
3 2 2

(b) The linear system is inconsistent, since the third row implies the false equation: 0 = 1.
  
  −2 3
3 4 5
2. Let A = and B =  1 −5 . Find the following:
−2 −1 7
−3 −1
(a) (21/2 points) AB.
(b) (21/2 points) BA.

Solution:
(a) We have
 
 −2 3
  
3 4 5  3(−2) + 4(1) + 5(−3) 3(3) + 4(−5) + 5(−1)
AB = 1 −5 = 
−2 −1 7 −2(−2) − 1(1) + 7(−3) −2(3) − 1(−5) + 7(−1)
−3 −1
   
−6 + 4 − 15 9 − 20 − 5 −17 −16
= = .
4 − 1 − 21 −6 + 5 − 7 −18 −8

(b)
   
−2 3   −2(3) + 3(−2) −2(4) + 3(−1) −2(5) + 3(7)
3 4 5
BA =  1 −5  =  3 − 5(−2) 4 − 5(−1) 5 − 5(7) 
−2 −1 7
−3 −1 −3(3) − 1(−2) −3(4) − 1(−1) −3(5) − 1(7)
   
−6 − 6 −8 − 3 −10 + 21 −12 −11 11
=  3 + 10 4+5 5 − 35  =  13 9 −30  .
−9 + 2 −12 + 1 −15 − 7 −7 −11 −22

   
2 5 −7 −5
3. (5 points) Given A = and C = . Show that C = A−1 .
−3 −7 3 2

Solution: Since     
2 5 −7 −5 1 0
AC = = = I2 ,
−3 −7 3 2 0 1
then C = A−1 .
Remark: Notice also that
    
−7 −5 2 5 1 0
CA = = = I2 .
3 2 −3 −7 0 1

4. (5 points) Solve the linear system

(
6x1 − 7x2 = 1,
−8x1 + 9x2 = −2.

using the Inverse Matrix Method ONLY.

 
 
6 −7 1
Solution: Let A = and b = . Then
−8 9 −2
    
−1 1 9 7 1 5/2
x=A b= = .
(6)(9) − (−7)(−8) 8 6 −2 2

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