MA205 Lab 5 Report - Laplace Transforms

Name: Student Number: Lab Fall 2014

1. [4 marks] Use the Definition 1 (on page 353 of the text of in the lab prep) to find the Laplace Transform of:

1 − t, 0 < t < 1,
f (t) =
0, 1<t

Z1 Z∞ Let u = (1 − t) and dv = e−st dt

−st
L {f (t)} (s) = (1 − t)e dt + (0)e−st dt −1 −st
Then du = −dt and v = e
0 1 s
  t=1 Z1
−1 −st 1 −st
= (1 − t) e − e dt
s t=0 s
0
t=1
s − 1 + e−s
 
1 1 −st 1 1 1
= + e = + e−s − 2 =
s s2 t=0 s s2 s s2

et − e−t
2. [7 marks] Consider the hyperbolic sine function f (t) = sinh(t) = . Use Tables 7.1 and 7.2 in the text
2
to determine the Laplace transform of each of the following functions. Be sure to simply any results.

(a) f (t) = sinh(2t).

e2t − e−2t
 
L{sinh(2t)}(s) =L (s)
2
1   2t
(s) − L e−2t (s)
 
= L e
2
   
1 1 1
= − ,s > 2
2 s−2 s − (−2)
   
1 1 1
= − ,s > 2
2 s−2 s+2
   
1 s+2 s−2
= − ,s > 2
2 (s − 2)(s + 2) (s − 2)(s + 2)
2 2
= ,s > 2 OR = ,s > 2
s2 −4 (s − 2)(s + 2)

d
(b) g(t) = [sinh(2t)].
dt
   
d d
L [sinh(2t)] (s) = sL{sinh(2t)}(s) − sinh(0) OR L [sinh(2t)] (s)
dt dt
e0 − e0
   
2
= L e2t + e−2t (s)

=s 2
− ,s > 2
s −2 2
   
2s 1 1
= 2 ,s > 2 = + ,s > 2
s −2 s−2 s − (−2)
2s
= ... = ,s > 2
s2 −2

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 3s3 + 10s2 − 4s + 8
3. [14 marks] Suppose F (s) = .
s3 (s2 + 4)

(a) Determine the partial fraction expansion of F (s).

3s3 + 10s2 − 4s + 8 A B C Ds + E
Let: 3 2
= + 2+ 3+ 2
s (s + 4) s s s s +4

Then: 3s3 + 10s2 − 4s + 8 = As2 (s2 + 4) + Bs(s2 + 4) + C(s2 + 4) + (Ds + E)s3

Equating coefficients results in:

Coefficients of s4 ⇒ A + D = 0.
Coefficients of s3 ⇒ B + E = 3.
Coefficients of s2 ⇒ 4A + C = 10.
Coefficients of s ⇒ 4B = −4.
Constants 4C = 8.
Immediately, C = 2 and B = −1. Therefore, A = 2, D = −2, E = 4

2 1 2 2s − 4
∴ F (s) = − + 3− 2
s s2 s s +4

(b) Verify the result in part (a) using Maple. F:=(s)->???; convert(F(s),parfrac);

(c) Using the result in part (b), determine L−1 {F (s)} (t) (the inverse Laplace transform of F (s)).

 
2 1 2 2s − 4
L−1 {F (s)} (t) = L−1 − + 3− 2
s s2 s s +4
         
−1 1 −1 1 −1 2 −1 s −1 4
= 2L −L +L − 2L +L
s s2 s3 s2 + 4 s2 + 4

= 2 − t + t2 − 2 cos(2t) + 2 sin(2t)

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 (d) Using Laplace Transforms and the result from part (c), solve the initial value problem:
y 00 + 4y = 4t2 − 4t + 10, y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 3

y 00 + 4y = 4t2 − 4t + 10 ⇒ L {y 00 } + 4L {y} = 4L t2 − 4L {t} + 10L {1}



8 4 10
⇒ s2 L {y} − sy(0) − y 0 (0) + 4L {y} = 3 − 2 +
 
s s s

8 − 4s + 10s2
⇒ s2 L {y} − 3 + 4L {y} =
s3

8 − 4s + 10s2
⇒ L {y} s2 + 4 = +3
s3

8 − 4s + 10s2 + 3s3
⇒ L {y} =
s3 (s2 + 4)

⇒ y = 2 − t + t2 − 2 cos(2t) + 2 sin(2t) (from part (c))

4. [3 marks] Consider the IVP y 00 − 4y = t3 + te2t , y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.

(a) Define the differential equation in Maple: with(inttrans): step1:=y”(t)-4*y(t)=tˆ3+t*exp(2*t);
(b) Take the Laplace transform of both sides of the differential equation in part (a): step2:=laplace(step1,t,s);
(c) Substitute the initial conditions of the IVP into the result in part (b): step3:=subs(y(0)=0,y’(0)=0,step2);
(d) Solve the equation in part (c) for L{y(t)}(s): step4:=solve(step3,laplace(y(t),t,s));

s4 + 6s2 − 24s + 24
L{y(t)}(s) =
s4 (s − 2)2 (s2 − 4)
(e) Find the partial fraction expansion of the result in part (d): step5:=convert(step4,parfrac);

3 1 1 7 7 3
L{y(t)}(s) = − + − + − −
2s4 4(s − 2)3 16(s − 2)2 64(s − 2) 64(s + 2) 8s2
(f) Find the inverse Laplace transform of the result in part (e) to finally find the solution to the IVP:
step6:=invlaplace(step5,s,t);

1 7 3 e2t 2
y(t) = − t3 − e−2t − t + (8t − 4t + 7)
4 64 8 64

5. [2 marks] Using the commands in Question #3 as a template, solve the initial value problem:
y 000 + y 00 − 4y 0 = tet cos(t), y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = 1.

Be sure to state “Step 5” and “Step 6” in your results.

3 + 7s 3 s 1
Step 5: L{y(t)}(s) = + + +
36 (s2 + s − 4) 4s 18 (s2 − 2s + 2) 3(s2 − 2s + 2)2
√ √ ! √ !!
3 et e−t/2 17 √ t 17 t 17
Step 6: y(t) = + (4 sin(t) − cos(t)(3t − 1)) + 7 17 cosh − sinh
4 18 612 2 2

30
Grade:
30
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