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HTML Notes-1

HTML, or Hyper Text Markup Language, is the standard markup language for creating web pages and describes their structure using a series of elements. It is essential for web development, allowing users to create and customize websites, and is often used alongside CSS and JavaScript. Key components include HTML elements, attributes, headings, paragraphs, and hyperlinks, which define how content is displayed in a web browser.

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harshita Ujjinwal
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7 views

HTML Notes-1

HTML, or Hyper Text Markup Language, is the standard markup language for creating web pages and describes their structure using a series of elements. It is essential for web development, allowing users to create and customize websites, and is often used alongside CSS and JavaScript. Key components include HTML elements, attributes, headings, paragraphs, and hyperlinks, which define how content is displayed in a web browser.

Uploaded by

harshita Ujjinwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is HTML?

 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language


 HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
 HTML describes the structure of a Web page
 HTML consists of a series of elements
 HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
 HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a
paragraph", "this is a link", etc.

HTML Versions

To know more about the HTML Evolution over the time period please check our HTML -
History and Evolution.

A Simple HTML Document


Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

Why to Learn HTML?


HTML is a MUST for students and working professionals to become a Web Developer. HTML
is being widely used to create web pages with the help of different tags and attributes
along with the HTML you can learn CSS and JavaScript.

 Create a Website: You can create a website or customize an existing web template if
you know HTML well.
 Become a Web Designer: If you want to start a career as a professional web designer,
HTML and CSS designing is a must skill.
 Understand Web: If you want to optimize your website, to boost its speed and
performance, it is good to know HTML to yield the best results.

Example Explained
 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
 The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the
browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
 The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the
visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
 The <h1> element defines a large heading
 The <p> element defines a paragraph

What is an HTML Element?


An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

HTML Attributes
 All HTML elements can have attributes
 Attributes provide additional information about elements
 Attributes are always specified in the start tag
 Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

The href Attribute


The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link
goes to:

Example
<a href="https://www.google.com">Google</a>

HTML Headings
HTML headings are titles or subtitles that you want to display on a webpage.

Example

Heading 1
Heading 2
Heading 3
Heading 4
Heading 5
Heading 6

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Example
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
<h4>Heading 4</h4>
<h5>Heading 5</h5>
<h6>Heading 6</h6>

HTML Paragraphs
The HTML <p> element defines a paragraph.

A paragraph always starts on a new line, and browsers automatically add some white
space (a margin) before and after a paragraph.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

The HTML Style Attribute


Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute.

The HTML style attribute has the following syntax:


<tagname style="property:value;">

The property is a CSS property. The value is a CSS value.

You will learn more about CSS later in this tutorial.

HTML Comment Tag


You can add comments to your HTML source by using the following syntax:

<!-- Write your comments here -->

Notice that there is an exclamation point (!) in the start tag, but not in the end tag.

HTML Colors
HTML colors are specified with predefined color names, or with RGB, HEX, HSL, RGBA,
or HSLA values.

RGB Color Values


In HTML, a color can be specified as an RGB value, using this formula:

rgb(red, green, blue)

HEX Color Values


In HTML, a color can be specified using a hexadecimal value in the form:

#rrggbb

HTML Links - Hyperlinks


HTML links are hyperlinks.

You can click on a link and jump to another document.

When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand.

Note: A link does not have to be text. A link can be an image or any other HTML element!
HTML Links - Syntax
The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink. It has the following syntax:

<a href="url">link text</a>

The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute, which indicates the
link's destination.

HTML Link Colors


By default, a link will appear like this (in all browsers):

 An unvisited link is underlined and blue


 A visited link is underlined and purple
 An active link is underlined and red

You can change the link state colors, by using CSS:

Example
Here, an unvisited link will be green with no underline. A visited link will be pink with no
underline. An active link will be yellow and underlined. In addition, when mousing over a
link (a:hover) it will become red and underlined:

<style>
a:link {
color: green;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: none;
}

a:visited {
color: pink;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
color: red;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: underline;
}
a:active {
color: yellow;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: underline;
}
</style>

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