A

Treatise
On
Simulation of Hydrodynamic Prosthetic Mechanical Heart Valve
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by:
Arfan Mashood Ahmed (Roll No.:21071002013)
Bhargov Kalita (Roll No.:21071002018)
Bipasha Paul (Roll No.:21071002022)
Dibyajyoti Podder (Roll No.:21071002034)

Under the guidance of

MR. DIGANTA KALITA
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
JORHAT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, JORHAT
ASSAM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, GUWAHATI.
 Introduction
In recent years the development of service sectors plays a major role in development of
countries like india as well as increasing the employment generation and growth of
economy.

Therefore most of the researchers and engineers are focusing on the develop of various
parameters related to this sectors.

Service sector industries such as banks, automobile service, hotels, travels agency etc. plays
a greater role apart from design, manufacturing and marketing industry. Studies reveal that
improvement of technology and implementation of scientific approaches are plays a greater
role for improving the growth of service sectors as well as industrial sectors.

From the last two decades it is seen that automobile Industry sector in India has shown a
significant growth in development. India has become the second largest producer of four
wheeler vehicles after China. Thus Simulation techniques have been extensively used in
modelling and analysing complex systems in the past decades with the advances of
computer technology. Simulation can outperform mathematically modelling in such
instances because of its capability to get around stringent assumptions that must be made
for analytical models to be tractable. Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-
world process or system over time. Simulation is basically a descriptive technique that
enables a decision maker to evaluate the behaviour of a model under various conditions
.Simulation is widely used in many contexts, such as simulation of technology for
performance optimization, safety engineering. Testing, training, education, and video
games. Training simulators include flight simulators or training aircraft pilots to provide
them with a lifelike experience. Simulation is also used with scientific modeling of natural
systems or human systems to gain insight into their functioning. Simulation is also used
when the real system cannot be engaged, because it may not be accessible, or it may be
dangerous or unacceptable to engage, or it is being designed but not yet built, or it may
simply not exist.

Problem Definition:

The significant problem of the work shop (Pragati Motors) is that they are unable to deliver
most of vehicles according to the promised time. The main cause of this problem is because
queues in various processes. Thus it is most important to analyse the queues in every
process in order to maintain their business and increase the profit. So, this model makes few
changes on the workshop work sequences.
 Literature Riview
Various researchers discussed the contribution of individuals and prevailing methodologies
for measurement of queues in various processes related to industries. A brief summary of
literature review done for the study is given below:

Ch. Venkatadri etc. al. conducted a study on Application of Simulation for the Improvement
of Four Wheeler Sector using Arena simulation software. Their purpose is based on a
automobile four-wheeler service sector in India. They use a discrete event simulation to
highlight the difficulties like bottlenecks involved in a typical four wheeler service centre.

Alireza. et. al modeled and conducted a study on discreet event simulation in an

automotive service context by using Witness simulation software for increase service rate
while reducing the amount of waiting time in queues for the entire service shop which
results in more customer satisfaction. They found a Result that large amount of time a
customer should wait before Road Test station and the unbalance situation of Inspection
Report Recording stations.

The main objective of this project is to provide decision makers with useful tool to resolve
the problem statement, so that this project work is being carried out with several objectives
and it is important to state them clearly: to ensure that the research is kept on track.
Following are the objectives of using a simulation model for Pragati Motors Cars Servicing
Center. a) Build a simulation model of the car service center by collecting adequate data. b)
To find average waiting time of each cars. c) To find average waiting times of each process.
d) To find total number of disposal of cars. e) To compare different alternative scenarios and
improving the overall efficiency of the whole service center. conducted a study on Analysis
of Vehicle Service Queuing System Using Arena simulation in authorized Workshop. They
analyses the queuing system of vehicle service in one of authorized work shop of well-
known automotive brand named Auto2000 Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia.

Maheshwaran. et. al. Presented a Model on Simulation-Based Planning of Maintenance

Activities in the Automotive Industry using discreet event simulation and the software they
uses was Auto mod simulation software. They discuss an approach to integrate
maintenance strategies into a production planning approach using discrete event
simulation. Their aim is to investigate how and where in the planning process maintenance
strategies can be integrated and how different maintenance strategies influence production
performance and the overall robustness of production plans. Their approach is exemplified
in an automotive case study. integrating strategies for reactive maintenance in a simulation
model to support decision making on how repair orders should be prioritized to increase
production performance Their results shows that introducing priority -based planning of
maintenance activities has a potential to increase productivity by approximately 5%.
Kumar. et. al. studied and uses Simulation to Understand and Optimize a Lean Service
Process. They describe the application of discrete event simulation to understand and
optimize a lean service process. They apply simulation to the emerging notion of lean
service. They use the case study of a lean auto repair facility to demonstrate the significant
role that simulation can play in the design of a cost-effective system. They estimate the lean
service system queues by carefully scheduling appointments. Their simulation shows that
the time to appointment can be optimized in conjunction with other metrics such as
utilization of repair technicians and work in process. Their simulation also shows that
perturbations introduced by customers arriving late to their appointments can be absorbed
with minimal impact provided there is some slack in the system. They conclude that their
results may help to ameliorate one of the primary concerns regarding the lean service
model.

Juliana. et. al. conducted a model on Simulation by Queuing System at a Immigration

Department name Johor Bahru which is one of the government sector of Malaysia. They
uses Discrete Event Simulation as a tool to calculate the average time of customers have to
wait for the service and determine the best alternative to reduce the waiting time.

Tiffany N. A. studied on Simulation in Arena to Determine Potential Bottlenecks for

Dermatology Clinic Redesign. They use Arena simulation software to studied and evaluated
the impact of growth and bottlenecks in reception areas by assuming an increase in
population. Their simulation predicts that patient waiting time is negligible, which allows for
a layout design with the administration suite to be adjacent to the registration area for staff
convenience.

Manjurul A. conducted on Study of Queuing System of a Busy Restaurant and a Proposed

Facilitate Queuing System by using Arena simulation software. They measured the various
timing related to queues of restaurants like average service time, average idle time, and
average waiting time at cash counter etc. After analysing an existing simulation model they
proposed a new model by changing some parameters to reduce waiting time for customers

Navin. et. al. studied on how Simulation Improves Service and Profitability of an Automobile
Service Garage. Their studies described the successful application of simulation O process
management and improvement within a business devoted to aftermarket repair of privately
owned automobiles and trucks. They describe the problems encountered by the Client and
how the simulation study illuminated a pathway to significant improvements in Customer
service and financial profitability.

Andreas R. presented a study on the analysis and simulation of a supply chain with Arena
Simulation. They tried to give an overview of both supply chain and simulation areas and
shows how supply chain management can profit from simulation. They examined that the
Bullwhip Ettect is the major causes for a negative phenomenon in a supply chains, followed
by the simulation development process for discrete event simulation models. At last they
presented sample of how a supply chain can be optimized by using simulation development
suite Arena, of Rockwell Software.

Sebastien. et. al. worked on Production Optimization on PCB Assembly Lines Using Discrete-
Event Simulation. Their study report describes how discrete-event simulation can be used in
production optimization of electronics assembly lines. Their work focused on how discrete-
event simulation could be used in comparing production alternatives to improve production
in electronics manufacturing by providing a better understanding of the production
environment. They used various ways to test different scenarios for improvement or to
provide information for designing new production facilities which is beneficial for the
industry.

Pate. et. al used discrete event simulation for analysing the issues of first time success rate.
repair and service routing logic, process layout, operator staffing, capacity of testing
equipment and random equipment breakdown in automobile manufacturing processes.
They offer concepts and methods for discrete manufacturing processes especially for the
Final Process System for optimizing resources and identifying constraints.

Rogers B. has used Arena simulation software for applying optimum-seeking simulation
tools to manufacturing system design and control problems. The author describes the
software as a tool that can be broadly applied to find various optimal values of controllable
parameters for any systems.

Altinkilie D. uses discrete event simulation to improve shop floor performance. The
performance of the existing system is evaluated by using Arena Simulation software. Due to
the motivation for redesigning the shop flow, manufacturing cells are performed and the
performance of the new system is evaluated and compared with that of the current system.
As a result, based on a simulation analysis, they made several recommendations to the
management of the job shop production system.

Ghaleba and Suryahatmajab (2015) explored the application of Arena Simulation in

modeling queuing systems, focusing on automotive service centers. Their study emphasized
the importance of simulating customer flow to identify bottlenecks and optimize service
efficiency. By analyzing various queuing configurations, they provided insights into reducing
customer wait times and improving overall service delivery in automotive contexts,
highlighting the software's capability to visualize complex service processes effectively.

Dehantoro and Sumiardi (2015) conducted an analysis of a vehicle service queuing system
in an authorized workshop using Arena. They collected data on customer arrival and service
times, revealing that average waiting times significantly impacted customer satisfaction.
Their findings suggested that optimizing service processes through simulation could
enhance the efficiency of service delivery, ultimately leading to better customer retention
and satisfaction levels in automotive workshops.
Maheshwaran et al. (2020) presented a simulation model for maintenance planning in
automotive service centers. Their research utilized Arena to analyse various service
scenarios, focusing on minimizing downtime and maximizing resource utilization. By
simulating different maintenance strategies, they identified optimal scheduling practices
that reduced service lead times and improved operational efficiency, demonstrating the
practical application of simulation in real-world automotive service environments.
 Research Gap
1. Integration of Real-Time Data
Current studies primarily focus on historical data for modeling queuing systems. There is a
gap in integrating real-time data analytics into simulation models to dynamically adjust to
changing customer arrival rates and service times, which could lead to more responsive
service management.
2. Customer Behaviour Analysis
Most research emphasizes operational efficiency without adequately considering customer
behaviour and preferences. Future studies could explore how customer satisfaction and
expectations influence queuing dynamics, potentially leading to tailored service strategies
that enhance customer experience.
3. Multi-Service Process Optimization
While many studies analyse single-service processes, there is a lack of comprehensive
models that simulate and optimize multi-service processes within car service centers.
Research could focus on how different service types (e.g., mechanical, electrical) interact
and affect overall queuing performance.
4. Impact of Resource Allocation
Existing literature often overlooks the effects of varying resource allocation strategies on
queuing performance. Future research could investigate how different staffing levels and
technician specialties impact wait times and service efficiency, providing insights for better
resource management.
5. Simulation of Emergency Situations
There is limited exploration of how queuing systems in car service centers respond to
emergency scenarios, such as sudden influxes of vehicles due to accidents. Research could
simulate these conditions to develop contingency plans that maintain service efficiency
during crises.
6. Comparative Analysis of Simulation Tools
Most studies utilize Arena for simulation without comparing its effectiveness against other
simulation tools. A gap exists in conducting comparative analyses of different simulation
software to determine which provides the most accurate and efficient modeling for queuing
systems in automotive service settings.
7. Long-Term Performance Evaluation
Most research focuses on short-term performance metrics. There is a need for studies that
evaluate the long-term impacts of implemented queuing strategies on operational efficiency
and customer satisfaction in car service centers.
 8. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Improvements
While many studies suggest operational improvements, few conduct a thorough cost-
benefit analysis of these recommendations. Future research could quantify the financial
implications of proposed changes in queuing systems, helping managers make informed
decisions.
 Objective of the Study
The main objective of this project is to provide decision makers with useful tool to resolve
the problem statement, so that this project work is being carried out with several objectives
and it is important to state them clearly to ensure that the research is kept on track.
Following are the objectives of using a simulation model for Pragati Motors Cars Servicing
Center:
A. Build a simulation model of the car service center by collecting adequate data.
B. To find average waiting time of each cars.
C. To find average waiting times of each process. d) To find total number of disposal of
cars.
D. To compare different alternative scenarios and improving the overall efficiency of
the whole service center.
Work Plan