1 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Structures Around The World

Famous Arches of Triumph around the Westminster Abbey
Washington National
London, United Kingdom
Washington, D. C. United
World Cathedral States
Name Location Year of Canterbury Cathedral Canterbury, United Kingdom
Completion Lincoln Cathedral Lincoln, United Kingdom
Arc De Triomphe Paris, France 1806-1808 Winchester Cathedral Winchester, United Kingdom
Du Carrousel Bourges Cathedral Bourges, France
Arc De Triomphe Carabobo, 1921 Berlin Cathedral Berlin, Germany
De Carabobo Venezuela Durham Cathedral Durham, United Kingdom
Patuxai Vientiane, Laos 1957-1968 St. Isaac’s Cathedral St. Petersburg, Russia
Swords of Baghdad, Iraq 1989 Catterdrale di Pisa Pisa, Italy
Qadisiyah
The Arch of Pyongyang, North 1982
Triumph Korea Longest Bridges of the World
Bridge Country Length
Grade I Listed Structures in England Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge China 102 miles
Structures which are categorised as Grade I mean that they are Changua-Kaohsiung Viaduct China 98 miles
historically very significant in England. Tianjin Grand Bridge China 70 miles
Cangde Grand Bridge China 66 miles
Name Location Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge China 50 miles
Humber Bridge Historic England Bang Na Expressway Thailand 34 miles
The British Library King’s Cross, London Beijing Grand Bridge China 30 miles
Lloyd’s Building City of London Lake Pontchartrain Causeway United 24 miles
Willis Building Ipswich States
Kingsgate Bridge Durham Line 1 (Wehan Metro) China 24 miles
Severn Bridge and Aust Viaduct South Gloucestershire Manchac Swamp Bridge United 23 miles
States
Famous Citadels of the World
Name Location World’s Biggest Libraries
Citadel of Ghazni Afghanistan Number of
Name Country
Herat Citadel Afghanistan items
Mainz Citadel Germany Library of Congress Washington, D. C. 162 million
Royal Citadel, Plymouth United Kingdom British Library United Kingdom 150 million
Petersberg Citadel Germany Library and Archives
Canada 54 million
Warsaw Citadel Poland Canada
Bam Citadel Iran New York Public Library Manhattan 53.1 million
Cairo Citadel Egypt Russian State Library Moscow 44.4 million
National Diet Library Tokyo 41.88 million
Bibliothèque Nationale
Cathedrals of the World De France
Paris 40 million
Name Location National Library of
St. Petersburg 36.5 million
Notre Dam Paris, France Russia
Cologne Cathedral Domkloster, Germany Royal Danish Library Denmark 35.1 million
Cathedral of Santa Maria del Firenze, Italy The National Library of
Beijing 35.1 million
Fiore China
Duomo di Milano
St. Paul’s Cathedral
Milano, Italy
London, United Kingdom
World’s Longest Sea Crossing Bridge
● Chinese President Xi Jinping has officially opened the
St. Basil’s Cathedral Moscow, Russia world's longest sea crossing bridge, nine years after
Catedral de Sevilla Sevilla, Spain construction first began.
St. Patrick’s Cathedral New York, United States ● Including its access roads, the bridge spans 55km (34
St. Stephen’s Cathedral Wien, Austria miles) and connects Hong Kong to Macau and the
St. Vitus Cathedral Prague, Czech Republic mainland Chinese city of Zhuhai.
Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury, United Kingdom
Cathedral of Brasilia Brazil Largest Cemeteries of the World
York Minster York, United Kingdom Name Location
Burgos Cathedral Burgos, Spain Wadi-us-Salaam (Valley of Peace) Najaf, Iraq
 2 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Calverton National Cemetery Calverton, New York Three Pagodas China, Dali
Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery Chicago, Illinois Petronas Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Ohlsdorf Cemetery Hamburg, Germany Empire State Building USA, New York
Karacaahmet Cemetery Istanbul, Turkey The Shard England, London
Rookwood Cemetery Sydney, Australia
Space Needle USA, Washington
Spring Grove Cemetery Ohio, United States
Canton Tower China, Guangzhou
Minaret of Jam Afghanistan, Shahrak
Famous Palaces of the World One World Trade Centre USA, New York
Palace Location
Palace of Versailles
Grand Kremlin Palace
France
Russia List of World’s Famous Squares
Schonbrunn Palace Vienna Square Name Country
Topkapi Palace Turkey Red Square Russia (Moscow)
Alhambra Spain Tiananmen Square China (Beijing)
Potala Palace China St Peter’s Square Vatican City
Winter Palace Russia Zocalo Mexico (Mexico City)
Mysore Palace India Times Square USA (New York)
Buckingham Palace United Kingdom Tahrir Square Egypt (Cairo)
Summer Palace China Taksim Square Turkey (Istanbul)
Windsor Castle United Kingdom Marjeh Square Syria (Damascus)
Royal Palace of Madrid Spain Shah Square Iran (Isfahan)
Pitti Palace Italy Lan Kwai Fong Hong Kong
Luxembourg Palace France Dam Square Netherlands (Amsterdam)
The Royal Palace Sweden Trafalgar Square UK (London)
Royal Palace Amsterdam Netherlands
St James’s Palace United Kingdom
Amber Palace India
World’s Famous Libraries
Famous Mosques of World ● The National Library, Vienna (Austria)
Mosque Country ● Munich State Library (Germany)
Blue Mosque and Bosphorus Istanbul, Turkey ● British Museum Library (UK)
Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque Isfhan, Iran ● National Library, Paris (France)
Aqsunqur Mosque Cairo, Egypt ● State Library, Berlin (Germany)
Al Haram Mosque Mecca, Saudi Arabia ● Vatican Library, Vatican State (Italy)
Al Aqsa Mosque Jerusalem, Israel ● Punjab Public Library, Lahore (Pakistan)
Hassan II Mosque Cassabalenca, Morrocco ● Lenin State Library, Moscow (Russia)
Qiblatain Mosque Madina, Saudi Arabia ● The National Library, Tokyo (Japan)
● Imperial Library, Calcutta (India)
Important Sites of Religions ●
●
Punjab Public Library, Lahore (Pakistan)
Congress Library, New York (USA)
1. Great Mosque of Mecca, Saudi Arabia (Islam)
2. Masjid e Nabawi, Madina, Saudi Arabia
3.
4.
Masjid e Aqsa, Jerusalem
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem (Christianity) World’s Oldest Libraries
6. Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Varanasi, India (Hinduism)
7. Golden Temple, Amritsar, India (Sikhism) ● Library of Ashurbanipal
8. Ise Grand Shrine, Ise, Japan (Shintoism) ● Library of Alexandria
9. Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, India (Buddhism) ● The Library of Pergamum
Saint Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City (Catholicism) ● The Villa OF Papyri
10. Western Wall, Jerusalem (Judaism) ● The Library of Trajan’s Forum
11. Angkor Wat - It is located in Cambodia. By land area, it is
the biggest religious monument (162.6 hectares).
List of World’s Famous Towers World’s 20 Tallest Buildings
Tower Name Location
Eiffel Tower France, Paris
According to Height (2020)
Burj Khalifa UAE, Dubai Height in
Pisa Tower Italy, Pisa Name of Building Floors Country
meters
Big Ben London, England Burj Khalifa, Dubai 828 163 UAE
CN Tower Canada, Toronto Shanghai Tower,
Qutb Minar India, Delhi 632 128 China
Shanghai
 3 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Abraj Al Bait/ Makkah Oroville United States Earth

Royal Clock Tower, 601 120 Saudi Arabia San Luis United States Earth
Makkah Mangla Pakistan Earth
Ping An Finance Center, Garrison United States Earth
599.1 115 China
Shanzhen W.A.C Bennett Dam Canada Earth
Lotte World Tower, Gardiner Dam Canada Earth
554.5 123 South Korea
Seoul Aswan Egypt Earth
One World Trade United *World’s largest earth-filled dam.
541.3 94
Center, NYC States One of the most beautiful dams in the world is Hoover Dam
Guangzhou CTF Finance located in Canada.
530 111 China
Centre, Guangzhou
Tianjin CTF Finance World’s Famous Dams
530 97 China Name Country/city
Center, Tianjin
CITIC Tower, Beijing 527.7 109 China Hoover Dam Nevada/Arizona, United States
Taipei 101, Taipei 508 101 Taiwan Three Gorges Dam Hubei, China
Shanghai World The Karun-3 Dam Khuzestan, Iran
Financial Centre, 492 101 China The Inguri Dam Jvari, Georgia
Shanghai Vajont Erto E Casso, Italy
International Sand Dams Kenya
Commerce Centre (ICC), 484 108 Hong Kong Beaver Dam Wood Buffalo Park, Canada
Hong Kong
Central Park Tower,
472.4 98
United List of China's Largest Dams
NYC States Region,
Lakhta Center, St. Year of
462 87 Russia Name province Storage capacity
Petersburg construction
or city
Vincom Landmark 81, 17,924,000,000
461.2 81 Vietnam Baihetan Dam Sichuan 2021
Ho Chi Minh City meter cube
Changsha IFS Tower T1, Lower Baoquan Henan 16,500,000,000
452.1 94 China 1994
Changsha Dam Province meter cube
Petronas Twin Tower 1, Danjiangkou Hubei 17,450,000,000
451.9 88 Malaysia 1973
Kuala Lumpur Dam Province meter cube
Petronas Twin Tower 2, Jilin 11,460,000,000
451.9 88 Malaysia Fengman Dam 1953
Kuala Lumpur Province meter cube
Suzhou IFS, Suzhou 450 95 China Sichuan 7,700,000,000
Zifeng Tower, Nanjing 450 66 China Jinping Dam-I 2013
Province meter cube
Hainan
Longtang Dam 2011
Statue of Liberty Province
It was gifted to mark the friendship and good relations between Yunnan 21,749,000,000
the two nations at the time of the American Revolution. The Nuozhadu Dam 2014
Province meter cube
idea was proposed by a French political thinker, Edouard de
Laboulaye. He appointed Auguste Bartholdi to sculpt the
statue. Moreover, the man who built the Eiffel Tower – Famous Defunct Airlines of the World
Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel – helped out in carving a steel frame Lakers Airways Skytrain 1982 England
for the statue. The construction was finished, and the statue Braniff international Airways 1982
was erected in 1886 and presented to President Grover Eastern Air Lines: 1991 United States
Cleveland – the President of US at the time. Midway Airlines 1991 United States
At the time the statue was called “Liberty Enlightening the Interflug 1991 East Germany
World”, but the word ‘liberty’ had some negative connotations Pan American World Airways 1991 United States
attached to it at the time – it meant uprising and revolt. But Tower Air 2000 NewYork,
that is not the message the French wanted to convey, rather United States
they wanted to convey a message of liberty that is about Ansett Australia 2001 Australia
democracy, justice and liberty/freedom. Sabena 2001 Belgium
Sultan Ahmed Mosque/Blue Mosque Istanbul SwissAir 2002 Switzerland
It is a mosque from the Ottomon time which was built in Kingfisher 2005 India
1609 during Sultan Ahmet I’s rule. The architect was Monarch Airlines 2017 United Kingdom
Sedefkar Mehmed Agha. PAN American Airways 1991 United States
World’s Largest Dams Trans World Airlines 2001 United States

Name Country Type INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

Three Gorges China Gravity Busiest Airports in the World
Tarbela* Pakistan Earth
Rank Airport Location Country
Fort Peck United States Earth
1 Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta, Georgia United
Oahe United States Earth
 4 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Atlanta States Saudia Flight 763 and

November 12,
International Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 349
1996
Airport 1907
2 Beijing Capital Chaoyang-Shunyi, China Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 March 8, 2014 275
International Beijing Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 July 17, 2014 298
Airport Iranian Air Force Ilyushun II- February 19,
3 Dubai Garhoud, Dubai United Arab 275
76 2003
International Emirates
History’s Most Famous Walls
Airport
4 Los Angeles Los Angeles, United
International California States
Walls Location
Airport
Berlin Wall East Germany
5 Tokyo Haneda Ōta, Tokyo Japan
Great Wall of China Beijing
Airport
6 O'Hare Chicago, Illinois United Green Monster, Fenway Park, Boston
Boston
International States
Airport Vietnam Memorial Washington D.C, U.S
7 London Heathrow Hillingdon, United Walls of Jericho Jericho, Palestine
Airport London Kingdom Walls of Troy Hills of Hissarlik
8 Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong The Western (Wailing) Wall Jerusalem
International Islands, New SAR, China Walls of Kremlin Russia
Airport Territories Forbidden City China
9 Shanghai Pudong Pudong, Shanghai China Wall Street U.S
International Alcatraz Prison San Francisco,
Airport California, U.S
10 Charles de Gaulle Roissy-en-France, France Sistine Chapel Vatican City
Airport Île-de-France The Atlantic Wall Coast of Continental
11 Amsterdam Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands Europe and Scandinavia
Airport Schiphol North Holland
12 Indira Gandhi Delhi India ● The Berlin Wall was demolished on 9th November,
International 1989.
Airport
13 Guangzhou Baiyun
International
Baiyun-Huadu,
Guangzhou,
China
List of Famous Pyramids
Airport Guangdong Name Location
14 Frankfurt Airport Frankfurt, Hesse Germany Transamerica Pyramid San Francisco
15 Dallas/Fort Worth Dallas-Fort United Pyramid of Cestius Rome
International Worth, Texas States Gebel Barkal Sudan
Airport Pyramid of Meidum Egypt
16 Seoul Incheon Incheon South Korea Meroe Nubia (North of Khartoum)
International Bent Pyramid Dahshur (Egypt)
Airport Red Pyramid Egypt
17 Istanbul Atatürk Yeşilköy, Istanbul Turkey Pyramids of Giza Cairo
Airport
18 Soekarno–Hatta
International
Tangerang,
Banten
Indonesia List of Mayan Ruins
The Mayan Ruins are renowned as architectural attractions in
Airport Central America and Mexico because of their complicated
19 Singapore Changi Changi, East Singapore structural designs. They are also a major tourist visiting spot.
Airport Region
20 Denver Denver, Colorado United Name Location
International States Caracol Belize
Airport Xunantunich Belize
Tikal Guatemala
List of Deadliest Air Crashes El Mirador
Copan
Guatemala
Honduras
Flight Date Fatalities
Chichen Itza Mexico
Turkish Airlines Flight 981 March 3, 1974 346
Bonampak Chiapas
KLM Flight 4805 and Pan Am
March 27, 1977 583 Palenque Mexico
Flight 1736
Tulum Carribean Coast
American Airlines Flight 191 May 25 1979 272
Uxmal Mexico
Saudia Flight 163 August 19, 1980 301
Air India Flight 182 June 23, 1985 329
Japan Airlines Flight 123 August 12, 1985 520 Famous Cultural and Historical Sites
Iran Air Flight 655 July 3, 1988 290 Katas Raj Temples Kalar Kahar, District Chakwal
 5 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Masjid e Tooba Karachi  The Bermuda Triangle is one of the most heavily traveled
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib District Narowal shipping lanes in the world.
Kartarpur Shakargarh
Kargah Buddha Shukogah
Shahi Qila
Nopura, Gilgit
Lahore
Important Defence Secretaries of
Badshahi Masjid Lahore United States
Name Tenure
James V. Forrestal 1947-1949
WONDERS OF THE WORLD Robert McNamara
Donald Rumsfeld
1961-1968
1975-1977, 2001-2006
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Caspar "Cap" Weinberger 1981-1987
A Greek author Antipater of Sidon (second century BC) was the Richard B. Cheney 1989-1993
first to list the greatest monuments and buildings among the
world’s seven wonders. Most of these structures are now
Famous US Secretaries of State
ruined except the ‘Pyramids of Egypt’; parts of which have 1. Michael R. Pompeo (2018-2021)
survived. 2. Hillary Rodham Clinton (2009-2013)
Monuments Location Date 3. Henry A. (Heinz Alfred) Kissinger (1973-1977)
Pyramids of Egypt Egypt Between 2589- 4. William Rufus Day (1898-1898)
2504 BC 5. Henry Clay (1825-1829)
6. James Monroe (1811-1817)
The Colossus of Greek Island of 280 BC
7. James Madison (1801-1809)
Rhodes Rhodes
8. Thomas Jefferson (1790-1793)
The Hanging Gardens South of Modern Conflicted
of Babylon Baghdad
The Mausoleum of
Halicarnassus
Eastern Side of
the Aegean Sea
350 BC List of some famous leaders of the
The Pharos of Port of 280 BC world
Alexandria or The Alexandria Leader’s name Country
Lighthouse of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi India
Alexandria Nelson Mandela South Africa
The Statue of Zeus Valley of 435 BC Napoleon Bonaparte France
(Jupiter) Olympia, Greece Franklin D. Roosevelt United States of America
The Temple of Ephesus 550 BC Vladimir Lenin Soviet Union
Artemis (Diana) Che Guevera Argentina
Sagrada Familia Barcelona 1852-1926* Rosa Luxemburg Germany
Hugo Shavez Venezuela
New Seven Wonders of the World Mao Zedong
Adolf Hitler
China
Germany
Monuments Location Hi Chi Minh Vietnam
Taj Mahal Agra, India Fidel Castro Cuba
Colosseum Rome, Italy Martin Luther King Jr United States
Great Wall of China Beijing, China Quaid e Azam Pakistan
Chichen Itza Mexico Fatima Ali Jinnah Pakistan
Christ the Redeemer Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Abraham Lincoln United States
Machu Picchu Peru Mother Teresa India
Petra Jordan Greta Thunberg Germany
John F Kennedy United States
Facts about the Bermuda Triangle Vladimir Putin Russia
 Bermuda Triangle is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean Mohammed bin Rashid Al Dubai
 It does not appear on any world maps and the US Board Maktoum
on Geographical Names does not recognize it as an Otto von Bismarck Germany
official region of the Atlantic Ocean. Ferdinand Marcho Philippines
 Since long, this has been a source of mystifying Pierre Trudeau Canada
occurrences that puzzle people Dalai Lama Tibet
 No official maps exist that delineate the boundaries of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel India
the Bermuda Triangle
 At least two mysterious incidents have taken place in the
area; first was in March 1918 when the collier USS List of Presidents after Russian
Cyclops, en route to Baltimore, Maryland, from Brazil,
disappeared inside the Bermuda Triangle. Second
Federation was established in 1991
occurred 27 years later, when a squadron of bombers Term of Office President
(Flight 19) disappeared in the airspace above the 1991-1999 Boris Yeltsin
st nd
Bermuda Triangle. 1999-2008 1 & 2 term) Vladimir Putin
 6 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

2008-2012 Dmitry Medvedev Australia Federal Parliament

rd th
2012-present (3 and 4 term) Vladimir Putin Austria National Assembly
Bahrain National Assembly
Names of official residence of heads of Bangladesh
Bahamas
Jatiya Sangsad
General Assembly (House of Assembly and
states Senate)
Name of Residence Head of State Belize National Assembly
Official residence of the Governor Benin National Revolutionary Assembly
La Fortaleza
of Puerto Rico Bhutan Tshogdu (National Assembly)
Koninklijk Paleis Official residence of Queen Bolivia National Congress
Amsterdam Beatrix of Netherlands Botswana National Assembly
Official residence of Swedish royal Brazil National Congress
Drottningholm Palace
family Britain Parliament (House of Commons and
Official residence of president of House of Lords)
Hofburg Imperial Palace
Austria Bulgaria National Assembly
Official residence of emperor of Burkina Faso National Assembly
Tokyo Imperial Palace
Japan Cambodia National Assembly
Palacio Real Official residence of king of Spain Canada Parliament (House of Commons and
Official residence of the president Senate)
White House
of USA Chad National Assembly
Official residence of the president Chile National Congress
Moscow Kremlin
of Russia China, (Mainland) National People’s Congress
Important Political Figures: Birthdays and China, (National)
Colombia
National Assembly
Congress
Death Anniversaries Cuba National Assembly of People’s Power.
Death Cyprus House of Representatives
Names Birthdays
anniversaries Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly
Mohammad Ali 11th September, Denmark Folketing
25th December, 1876
Jinnah 1948 Japan National Diet*
Allama Ecuador National Chamber of Representatives
9th November, 1877 21st April, 1938
Mohammad Iqbal Egypt People’s Assembly
Sir Syed Ahmed 27th March, Ethiopia National Assembly
17th October, 1817
Khan 1898 Finland Eduskunta/Riksdagen
20th August, France Parliament
Shah Wali Ullah 21st February, 1703
1762 Germany Bundesrat
Sheikh Ahmad 10th December, Ghana National Assembly
26th June, 1564
Sirhindi 1624 Greece Parliament
30th January, Guatemala National Congress
Mahatma Gandhi 2nd October, 1869
1948 Guyana National Assembly
List of ex-Presidents who died in 2020 Hungary National Assembly
Iceland Althing
Obituaries India Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha)
Name Country Indonesia People’s Consultative Assembly
Jerry Rawlings Ghana Iran Majlis
Benjamin Mkapa Tanzania Iraq National Assembly
Pierre Buyoya Burundi Ireland Oireachtas or National Parliament (Dail
Yhombi Opango Congo Eireann, House of Representatives and
Hosni Mubarak Egypt Sea and Eireann Senate)
Valery Giscard d’Estaing France Israel Knesset
Amadou Toumani Toure Mali Italy Parliament
Pranab Mukherjee India Japan Diet
Lee Teng-hui Taiwan Jordan National Assembly
Countries and their Kenya
Korea (North)
National Assembly
Supreme People’s Assembly
Parliaments Korea (South)
Kuwait
National Assembly
National Assembly
COUNTRY PARLIAMENT Laos People’s Supreme Assembly
Afghanistan Shora Lebanon National Assembly
Albania People Assembly Libya General People’s Congress
Algeria National People’s Assembly Liberia National Assembly
Angola National People’s Assembly Liechtenstein Diet
Argentina National Congress Madagascar Popular National Assembly
 7 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Malaysia
Maldives
Parliament
Citizen’s Assembly
Major Political Parties of
Mali National Assembly the World
Malta House of Representatives Country Political Parties
Mauritania National Assembly
Afghanistan: Hezb-i-Islami, Harkat-i-Islami, Hezb-i-
Mauritius National Assembly Wahdat, Daiyer Ittehad-i-Islami.
Mexico National Congress Australia: Australian Labour Party, Liberal Party
Mongolia People’s Great Hural National Party, Australian Democratic
Morocco Majlis-al-Nuwab Labour Party.
Mozambique People’s Assembly Austria: Socialist Party of Austria, Austrian People’s
Myanmar Pyithu Hluttaw (People’s Assembly) Party, Freedom Party of Austria, United
Namibia National Assembly Greens of Austria, Communist Party.
Nauru Parliament Canada: Liberal Party, Progressive Conservative
Nepal National Assembly Party, New Democratic Party, Social Credit
Netherlands Staten General Party, Christian Democratic Party, Radical
New Zealand House of Representatives Party.
Nicaragua National Constituent Assembly China: Communist Party (1921)
Niger National Development Council Denmark: Social Democratic Party, Liberal Party,
Nigeria National Assembly Radical Liberal Party, Conservative People's
Norway Storting Party, Socialist People’s Party.
Oman Consultative Assembly Egypt: National Democratic Party, National
Pakistan National Assembly, Senate Progressive Unionist Party, Socialist Labour
Panama National Assembly Party, Socialist Liberal Party.
Papua (New National Parliament. France: Centre of Social Democrats, Communist
Guinea) Party, Democratic Social Movement,
Peru Congress National Front, Union of Democrats for the
Philippines Congress Republic, Rassemblement Pour La
Poland National Assembly République, National Federation of
Portugal Assembly of the Republic Independent Republicans, Radical Party,
Qatar Advisory Council Social Party, Union Pour La Democratic
Francaise.
Romania Grand National Assembly
Russia Supreme Soviet Germany: Christian Democratic Union, Christian Social
Union, Social Democratic Party, Freedom
Senegal National Assembly
Democratic Party, Party of Democratic
Singapore Parliament Socialism.
Seychelles People’s Assembly Greece: New Democracy Party, United Democratic
Somalia People’s Assembly Left, Progressive Party, Communist Party.
South Africa House of Assembly India: Congress I , Indian National Congress,
Spain Cortes Bharatiya Janata Party, Communist Party of
Sri Lanka Parliament India, People’s Party (Lok Dal).
Sudan National Assembly Indonesia: Development Unity Party, Golkar,
Surinam Staten Indonesian Democracy Party.
Sweden Riksdag Iran: New Iran Party, People’s Party, Pan-Iran
Switzerland Federal Assembly (Nationalist) Party, Islamic Republican Party, Muslim
Syria People’s Council and Standerat) People’s Republican Party.
Tanzania National Assembly Iraq: Ba’ath Arab Socialist Party.
Thailand National Assembly Italy: Christian Democrat Party, Communist Party,
Tunisia National Assembly Socialist Party, Italian Social Democratic
Turkey Grand National Assembly Party, Republican Party, Italian Social
Uganda National Resistance Council Movement, National Democracy.
UAE Federal National Assembly Japan: Liberal Democratic Party, Japan Socialist
United Kingdom Parliament Party, Democratic Socialist Party, Japan
U.S.A. Congress (House of Representatives and Communist Party, Clean Government Party,
Senate) New Liberal Club.
Uruguay Council of States Korea: Democratic Justice Party, The New Korea
Venezuela National Congress Democratic Party.
Vietnam National Assembly Netherlands: The Christian Democratic Appeal, Labour
Yemen Presidential Council Party, People’s Party for Freedom and
Zaire National Legislative Council Democracy.
Zambia National Assembly Pakistan: Jamat-e-Islami, Awami National Party,
Zimbabwe Parliament Pakistan Awami Tehrik, MQM, PNP,
Jamhoori Watan Party, Pakistan Muslim
League (N), Pakistan Peoples Party, Pakistan
 8 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Tehreek-i-Insaaf Jamiat-a-Ulemai Islam. 2013 due to respiratory infection. He led the Anti-Apartheid
Azad Kashmir Muslim Conference, Azad Jamu Kashmir Movement. He served 27 years in prison, arrested and
(Pakistan) Peoples Party, Jamat-e-Islami.PML imprisoned in 1962. He was prisoned in Robben Island,
South Africa: National Party, Progressive Federal Party. Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison but for most of the
Spain: Spanish Socialist Workers Party, Democratic time he stayed in Robben Island.
Coalition, Popular Alliance, Popular
Democratic Party, Convergence and Union Idi Amin:
Communist Party, Democratic and Socialist Idi Amin Dada Oumee (“”Butcher of Uganda”) - he was the
Centre, Basque Nationalist Left. President of Uganda (1971 - 1979) and exiled during the
Sweden: Social Democratic Labour Party, Communist Uganda-Tanzania war. Initially he sought refuge in Libya but
Left Party, Centre Party, Liberal Party, later moved on to Saudi Arabia. He died in Saudi Arabia on 16th
Moderate Party. August, 2003.
Switzerland: Christian Democratic People’s Party of
Switzerland, Independence Alliances, List of few Impeached World Leaders
Radical Democratic Party of Switzerland,
Name Country
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland,
Swiss People’s Party. Donald Trump United States
Syria: Ba’ath Arab Socialist Party. Martín Vizcarra Peru
Turkey: Republican People’s Party, Justice Party, Park Geun-hye South Korea
National Salvation Party, Turkish Socialist Dilma Rousseff Brazil
Workers’ Party, Motherland Party, National Abdurrahman Wahid Indonesia
Democratic Party, Social Democratic Party. Boris Yeltsin Russia
United Conservation and Unionist Party, Labour
Kingdom: Party, Liberal Party, Social and Liberal
Democrats, Social Democratic Party.
Commonly Asked Political Parties:
Political Party Head of Party Country
USA: Democratic, Republican.
Hammas Ismail Haniyeh Palestine
Justice and Development Tayyip Erdogan Turkey
List of a few World Popular Leaders Party
and Political Parties (commonly asked Republicans Ronna
McDaniel
USA

in exams). Fatah Farouk Palestine

Sadam Hussein: Conservative Party
Kadoumi
Boris Johnson UK
Sadam Hussein was the President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn UK
until 9 April 2003. He was an eminent player in the 1968 coup
Kurdistan Democratic Masoud Iraq
(also known as 17 July Revolution). He was accused of
Party Barzani
possessing Weapons of Mass Destruction by te western powers
Islamic Dawa Party Nouri al-Maliki Iraq
(US and UK mainly) in 2003 as a result a coalition led by the US
invaded Iraq. Sadam was captured on 13 December 2003 and Liberal Democratic Party Shinzo Abe Japan
later convicted of crimes against humanity on 5 November
2006 by Iraqi Courts. He was hanged on 30 December 2006. Government Economic Policies
These are used to reach the macroeconomic goals of a country.
Muhammad Morsi: Fiscal Policy is about the revenue collected and expenditure of
a government.
Muhamad Morsi was Egyption President from 30 June 2012 to Monetary Policy deals with the interest rates that are used by
3 July 2013, he led the Freedom and Justice Party in Egypt and banks for short-term borrowings from other banks, managing
was an affiliate of Muslim Brotherhood. He was ousted by inflation, supply of money, stabilize prices and currency.
General Fattah el- Sisi after the June protest. Morsi came into
power after the resignation of the then Egyption President
Hosni Mubarak who resigned after the popular Egyption One Belt One Road
Revolution 2011. Morsi was the first democratically elected One Belt One Road (OBOR) is a Chinese initiative which aims to
President of Egypt. Morsi was convicted of unlawful detention increase and expand economic development and commercial
in April 2015. He died on 17 June 2019 by collapsing during a projects that focus on building on the connectivity and
court hearing on espionage charges. cooperation of countries to promote mutual trade. OBOR spans
about 78 countries of the world. Italy has become the first
Bashar Al Assad: developed economy of the world to sign OBOR in 2019. There
are a total number of six projects under this initiative.
Bashaar has been President of Syria since 17 July 2000. He has
Modern Slavery Bill 2018
been accused of war crimes during Syrian civil war as well as for
possessing and using chemical weapons as accused by the US.
The Modern Slavery Act 2018 requires entities based, or
Nelson Mandela: operating, in Australia, which have an annual consolidated
revenue of more than $100 million, to report annually on the
Nelson Mandela served as the first black President of South
risks of modern slavery in their operations and supply chains,
Africa from 1994-1999. He served as the head of the African
and actions to address those risks.
National Congress from 1991-1997. He died on 5 December
 9 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Meaning of flags of different countries Sudan

Syria
Secretary Bird
Eagle
Country Flag Meaning
Turkey Crescent & Star
United Union Jack Patron Saints of England,
Kingdom Wales, Scotland and Ireland U.K. Rose
U.S.A. GoldenRod
Nigeria Three equal green color represents the
stripes of nation's lush vegetation, the
white and
green
white signifies the country’s
desire for peace and unity
Countries With Their Capital And
South Korea Taegukgi
(great
White color represent Korean
people, the emblem represent
Currencies
polarity) cosmic forces and the four Sr Country Name Capital Currency
black trigrams represent earth, 1. Afghanistan Kabul Afghani
heaven, water and fire 2 Albania Tirane Lek
United Old Glory or 13 stripes representing the 3 Algeria Algiers Dinar
States of the stars and original 13 colonies, 50 stars 4 Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro
America the stripes denote the 50 individual states 5 Angola Luanda New Kwanza
of the nation and red color 6 Antigua and Saint John’s East Caribbean
signifies hardiness and valor, Barbuda dollar
the blue represents vigilance 7 Argentina Buenos Aires Peso
and justice 8 Armenia Yerevan Dram
Bangladesh red circle on The red color denotes the rising 9 Australia Canberra Australian dollar
a green sun and the sacrifices made by 10 Austria Vienna Euro (formerly
background the nation’s people for their schilling)
independence and green color 11 Azerbaijan Baku Manat
signifies country’s greenery and 12 The Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar
vitality 13 Bahrain Manama Bahrain dinar
14 Bangladesh Dhaka Taka
Short List of Facts Related Flags and 15 Barbados Bridgetown Barbados dollar
16 Belarus Minsk Belorussian
National Emblems ruble
Country Emblem 17 Belgium Brussels Euro (formerly
Australia Kangaroo Belgian franc)
Bangladesh Water Lily 18 Belize Belmopan Belize dollar
Barbados Head of a Trident 19 Benin Porto-Novo CFA Franc
Belgium Lion 20 Bhutan Thimphu Ngultrum
Canada White Lily 21 Bolivia La Paz Boliviano
Chile Candor and Huemul (administrative);
Denmark Beach Sucre (judicial)
Dominica Sisserou Parrot 22 Bosnia and Sarajevo Convertible
France Lily Herzegovina Mark
Germany Cornflower 23 Botswana Gaborone Pula
Guyana Canje Pheasant 24 Brazil Brasilia Real
Hong Kong Bauhinia (Orchid Tree) 25 Brunei Bandar Seri Brunei dollar
India The Lion Capital of Ashoka Begawan
Iran Rose 26 Bulgaria Sofia Lev
Ireland Shamrock 27 Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CFA Franc
Israel Candelabrum 28 Burundi Gitega Burundi franc
Italy White Lily 29 Cambodia Phnom Penh Riel
Ivory Coast Elephant 30 Cameroon Yaounde CFA Franc
Japan Chrysanthemum 31 Canada Ottawa Canadian dollar
Lebanon Cedar Tree 32 Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean
Luxembourg Lion with Crown escudo
Mongolia The Soyombo 33 Central African Bangui CFA Franc
Netherlands Lion Republic
New Zealand Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern 34 Chad N’Djamena CFA Franc
Norway Lion 35 Chile Santiago Chilean Peso
Pakistan Crescent 36 China Beijing Chinese Yuan
Papua New Guinea Bird of paradise 37 Colombia Bogota Colombian Peso
Senegal Baobab Tree 38 Comoros Moroni Franc
Sierra Leone Lion 39 Republic of the Brazzaville CFA Franc
Spain Eagle Congo
Sri Lanka Lion 40 Zimbabwe Harare United States
 10 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

dollar 85 Japan Tokyo Yen

41 Costa Rica San Jose Colón 86 Jordan Amman Jordanian dinar
42 Cote d’Ivoire Yamoussoukro CFA Franc 87 Kazakhstan Nur Sultan Tenge
(official); Abidjan 88 Kenya Nairobi Kenya shilling
(de facto) 89 Kiribati Tarawa Atoll Kiribati dollar
43 Croatia Zagreb Croatian 90 North Korea Pyongyang Won
44 Cuba Havana Cuban Peso 91 South Korea Seoul Won
45 Cyprus Nicosia Euro 93 Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti Dinar
46 Czech Republic Prague Koruna 94 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Som
47 Denmark Copenhagen Danish Krone 95 Laos Vientiane New Kip
48 Djibouti Djibouti Djiboutian franc 96 Latvia Rigaf Lats
49 Dominica Roseau East Caribbean 97 Lebanon Beirut Lebanese
dollar pound
50 Dominican Santo Domingo Dominican Peso 98 Lesotho Maseru Maluti
Republic 99 Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar
51 East Timor Dili U.S. dollar 100 Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar
(Timor-Leste) 101 Liechtenstein Vaduz Swiss franc
52 Ecuador Quito U.S. dollar 102 Lithuania Vilnius Litas
53 Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound 103 Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro (formerly
54 El Salvador San Salvador Colón; U.S. Luxembourg
dollar franc)
55 Equatorial Malabo CFA Franc 104 Macedonia Skopje Denar
Guinea 105 Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy
56 Eritrea Asmara Nakfa Ariary
57 Estonia Tallinn Estonia Kroon; 106 Malawi Lilongwe Kwacha
Euro 107 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit
58 Ethiopia Addis Ababa Birr 108 Maldives Male Rufiyaa
59 Fiji Suva Fiji dollar 109 Mali Bamako CFA Franc
60 Finland Helsinki Euro (formerly 110 Malta Valletta Euro
markka) 111 Marshall Islands Majuro U.S. Dollar
61 France Paris Euro (formerly 112 Mauritania Nouakchott Ouguiya
French franc) 113 Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian
62 Gabon Libreville CFA Franc rupee
63 The Gambia Banjul Dalasi 114 Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso
64 Georgia Tbilisi Lari 115 Federated Palikir U.S. Dollar
65 Germany Berlin Euro (formerly States of
Deutsche mark) Micronesia
66 Ghana Accra Cedi 116 Moldova Chisinau Leu
67 Greece Athens Euro (formerly 117 Monaco Monte Carlo Euro
drachma) 118 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Togrog
68 Grenada Saint George’s East Caribbean 119 Montenegro Podgorica Euro
dollar 120 Morocco Rabat Dirham
69 Guatemala Guatemala City Quetzal 121 Mozambique Maputo Metical
70 Guinea Conakry Guinean franc 122 Myanmar Nay Pyi Taw Kyat
71 Guinea-Bissau Bissau CFA Franc (Burma)
72 Guyana Georgetown Guyanese 123 Namibia Windhoek Namibian
dollar dollar
73 Haiti Port-au-Prince Gourde 124 Nauru no official capital; Australian
74 Honduras Tegucigalpa Lempira government dollar
75 Hungary Budapest Forint offices in Yaren
76 Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic króna District
77 India New Delhi Indian Rupee 125 Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese rupee
78 Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah 126 Netherlands Amsterdam; The Euro (formerly
79 Iran Tehran Rial Hague (seat of guilder)
80 Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Dinar government)
81 Ireland Dublin Euro (formerly 127 New Zealand Wellington New Zealand
Irish pound dollar
[punt]) 128 Nicaragua Managua Gold cordoba
82 Israel Jerusalem* Shekel 129 Niger Niamey CFA Franc
83 Italy Rome Euro (formerly 130 Nigeria Abuja Naira
lira) 131 Norway Oslo Norwegian
84 Jamaica Kingston Jamaican dollar krone
 11 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

132 Oman Muscat Omani rial dollar

133 Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani rupee 169 Swaziland Mbabane Lilangeni
134 Palau Melekeok U.S. dollar 170 Sweden Stockholm Krona
135 Palestine Ramallah, East Palestine 171 Switzerland Berne Swiss franc
Jerusalem Pound 172 Syria Damascus Syrian pound
136 Panama Panama City Balboa; U.S. 173 Taiwan Taipei Taiwan dollar
dollar 174 Tajikistan Dushanbe somoni
137 Papua New Port Moresby Kina 175 Tanzania Dar es Salaam; Tanzanian
Guinea Dodoma shilling
138 Paraguay Asuncion Guaraní (legislative)
139 Peru Lima Nuevo sol 176 Thailand Bangkok Baht
(1991) 177 Togo Lome CFA Franc
140 Philippines Manila Peso 178 Tonga Nuku’alofa Pa’anga
141 Poland Warsaw Zloty 179 Trinidad and Port-of-Spain Trinidad and
142 Portugal Lisbon Euro (formerly Tobago Tobago dollar
escudo) 180 Tunisia Tunis Tunisian dinar
143 Qatar Doha Qatari riyal 181 Turkey Ankara Turkish lira
144 Romania Bucharest Romanian (YTL)
Rupee 182 Turkmenistan Ashgabat Manat
145 Russia Moscow Ruble 183 Tuvalu Vaiaku village, Tuvaluan Dollar
146 Rwanda Kigali Rwandan franc Funafuti province
147 Saint Kitts and Basseterre East Caribbean 184 Uganda Kampala Ugandan new
Nevis dollar shilling
148 Saint Lucia Castries East Caribbean 185 Ukraine Kiev Hryvnia
dollar 186 United Arab Abu Dhabi U.A.E. Dirham
149 Saint Vincent Kingstown East Caribbean Emirates
and the dollar 187 United Kingdom London Pound sterling
Grenadines 188 United States of Washington D.C. Dollar
150 Samoa Apia Tala America
151 San Marino San Marino Euro 189 Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay peso
152 Sao Tome and Sao Tome Dobra 190 Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistani
Principe sum
153 Saudi Arabia Riyadh Riyal 191 Vanuatu Port-Vila Vatu
154 Senegal Dakar CFA Franc 192 Vatican City Vatican City Euro
155 Serbia Belgrade Serbian Dinar (Holy See)
156 Seychelles Victoria Seychelles 193 Venezuela Caracas Bolivar
rupee 194 Vietnam Hanoi Dong
157 Sierra Leone Freetown Leone 195 Yemen Sanaa Rial
158 Singapore Singapore Singapore 196 Zambia Lusaka Kwacha
dollar
159 Slovakia Bratislava Euro
160 Slovenia Ljubljana Slovenian tolar;
euro (as of Principal Languages of the World
1/1/07) Areas Where Areas Where
Language Language
161 Solomon Islands Honiara Solomon Spoken Spoken
Islands dollar Chinese
162 Somalia Mogadishu Somali shilling (Mandarin Czechoslovaki
China Slovak
163 South Africa Pretoria Rand and a
(administrative); Cantonese)
Cape Town U.K., U.S.A.,
(legislative); Canada,
Bloemfontein English Ireland, Armenian Armenia
(judiciary) Australia, New
164 South Sudan Juba Sudanese Zealand.
Pound Russian
Russian Kazak Kazakhstan
165 Spain Madrid Euro (formerly Federation
peseta) Spain, Latin
Spanish Tibetan Tibet (China)
166 Sri Lanka Colombo; Sri Sri Lankan America
Jayewardenepura rupee Hindi North India Ulghur Sinkiang
Kotte (legislative) Japanese Japan Twi Ghana
167 Sudan Khartoum Sudanese Germany,
Pound German Austria, Malinke West Africa
168 Suriname Paramaribo Surinamese Switzerland
 12 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Bangladesh, Lesotho a
Bengali Sotho
India (Africa) Assamese Assam (India) Shan Burma
Portugal,
Portuguese Zulu South Africa Swedish Sweden Karen Burma
Brazil
Middle East, Sumatra
Arabic Xhosa South Africa Bulgarian Bulgaria Batak
North Africa (Indonesia)
France, Byelorussia,
Byelorussia
Belgium, Russian Sidamo Ethiopia
French Lithuanian Lithuania n
Canada, Federation
Switzerland Sinhalese Sri Lanka Kikuyu Kenya
Italian Italy Georgian Georgia Amharic Ethiopia Kongo Congo
Indonesian Indonesia Hebrew Israel Yuruba Nigeria Luba Congo
Java Madura
Javanese Santhali Eastern India Madurese Bemba Zambia
(Indonesia) (Indonesia)
Andhra Ibo Nigeria Bhili Gujarat (India)
Telgu Pradesh Yi (Lolo) China Catalan Spain Berton Britainy
(India)
Sindhi Pakistan, India Macedonia Macedonia
Sri Lanka,
Minangkaba Somalia Azerbaijan,
Tamil Tamilnadu
u (Indonesia) Azerbaijani Russian Estonian Estonia
(India)
Maharashtra Federation
Marathi Ilocano Luzon Chattigarhi Bihar (India) Bashkir Bashkir
(India)
Somalia Fulani West Africa Turkmen Turkmen
Urdu Pakistan, India Somali
(Philippines) Magadhi Bihar (India) Kirgiz Kirrgiz
Punjabi Pakistan, India Mossi Upper Volta Malagasy Malgasy Baluchi Pakistan, Iran
Korea (North Borneo
Korean Albanian Albania Maithali Bihar (India) Dayak
and South) (Indonesia)
Ukraine Uzbekistan,
Mongolia Karnataka
Ukrainian (Russian Mongolian Uzbek Russian Tulu
(China) (India)
Federation) Federation
Vietnamese Vietnam Miao China Malaysia,
Celebes Malaya Wolof Senegal
Polish Poland Buginese Singapore
(Indonesia) Chuang China Mende Sierra Leone
Kashmiri
Turkish Turkey Kashmir Tagalog Philippines Ewe Ghana, Togo
(India)
Rajasthan Cuechua Peru, Bolivia Fon Dahomey
Gujarati Gujarat (India) Rajasthani
(India) Danish Denmark Kanuri West Africa
Thai Thailand Moldavian Moldavia Gabon,
Flemish Belgium Feng
Malayalam Kerala (India) Lao Laos Cameroon
Karnataka Sumatra Provencal France Drinka Sudan
Kannada Achinese
(India) (Indonesia) Tartar Tartar Lingla Congo
Farsi Bali Tukey, Iraq,
Iran Balinese
(Persian) (Indonesia) Kurdish Russian Mangbet Congo
Oriya Orissa (India) Bikolluzon (Philippines) Federation
Romanian Rumania Ganda Uganda Kampuchea
Serbo- Malawi, Iran, Burundi,
Yugoslavia Nyanja Khmer Rundi
Croatian Zambia (Russian Congo
Federation)
Hausa Nigeria, Niger Mbunda Angola Ruanda,
Pushto Pakistan Makua Mozambique Ruanda Kamba Kenya
Congo
Bhojpuri Eastern India Afrikans South Africa Galla Ethopia Luo Kenya
Mexico, Norwegian Norway Sukania Tanzania
Sudanese Sudan Mayan
Guatemala Rajasthan
Hungarian Hungary Guarani Paraguay Marwari Tigrinya Ethopia
(India)
Dutch Netherlands Latvian Latvia Finnish Finland Shona Rhodesia
Swahili East Africa Stovenian Yugoslavia Botswana,
Yiddish USA, Israel Tswana
Visayen Philippines Mordvia Mordavia South Africa
Nepali Nepal Chuvash Chuvash
Greek Greece Tadzhik Tadzhikistan
Cech Czechoslovaki Gondi East India
 13 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Old and New Names of Countries Petrograd Leningrad

Old New Old New Poona Pune
Abyssinia Ethiopia Madagascar Malagasy Rangoon Yangon
British Guyana Mesopotamia Iraq Saigon Ho Chi Minh City
Guiana Salisbury Harare
Burma Myanmar Nyasaland Malawi Sandwich Island Hawaiian Islands
Cape Cape Nippon Japan Simla Shimla
Canaveral Kennedy
Ceylon Sri Lanka Northern Zambia
Rhodesia National Days of Some
Congo
Fort
Zaire
Zhob
Peking
Persia
Beijing
Iran
[

Countries
Sandman
Dahomey Benin Portuguese Guinea January
Guinea Bissau 1st Sudan Independence Day
Dutch East Indonesia Petrograd Leningrad 2nd Cuba Liberation Day
Indies 4th Burma Independence Day
Dutch Surinam Rangoon Yangon 25th Uganda Revolution Day
Guiana 26th Australia Day (Landing of the First Fleet)
East Bangladesh Sandwich Hawaiian 26th India Republic Day
Pakistan
Egypt United Arab
Islands
Siam
Islands
Thailand
February
Republic 6th New Zealand New Zealand Day
Formosa Taiwan South West Namibia 22nd Egypt National Day
Africa March
French Guinea Southern Zimbabwe 3rd Morocco National Day
Guinea Rhodesia 6th Ghana National Day
French West Mali Tanganyika Tanzania
11th Denmark King's Birthday
Africa and Zanzibar
Gold Coast Ghana The New Vanuatu 12th Mauritius Independence Day
Hebrides 17th Ireland National Day
Greenland Kalaallit Trucial Oman United Arab 22nd Arab League Foundation Day
Nunaat Emirates 23rd Pakistan Pakistan Day
Holland Netherlands West French Mauritania 25th Greece Independence Day
Africa
Kampuchea Cambodia Zaire Congo- April
Kinshasa 4th Hungary Liberation Day
Malaya Malaysia Zanzibar Tanzania 4th Senegal Independence Day
21st Britain The Queen's Day
World Cities with Old Names 27th Togo Independence Day
Old Name of New Name of 27th Sierra Leone Independence Day
City/State/Country City/State/Country 29th Japan Emperor Birthday
Angora Ankara 30th The Netherlands Queen's Birthday.
Astano Almaty
Bangalore Bengaluru May
Batavia Jakarta 2nd Israel Independence Day--date variable
Bechuanaland Botswana 9th Czechoslovakia National Day
Bombay Mumbai 17th Norway National Day
Calcutta Kolkata 22nd Sri Lanka National Day
Cape Canaveral Cape Kennedy 22nd Guyana National Day
Central Province Madhya Pradesh
23rd FRG Constitution Day
Ceylon Sri Lanka
25th Sudan National Day
Christina Oslo
Lyallpur Faisalabad 25th Jordan National Day
Constantinople Istanbul 27th Afghanistan Independence Day
Dacca Dhaka June
Dahomey Benin 2nd Italy Foundation of Republic Day
Madras Chennai
Persia Iran 6th Sweden Flag Day
Peking Beijing
 14 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

9th Britain Queen's Official Birthday October

variable date 1st China Foundation of People's Republic of
12th The Philippines Proclamation of China
Independence Day 1st Sam Marino National Day
24th Thailand National Day 1st Nigeria Independence Day
26th Malagasy Independence Day 3rd Korea (S) Liberation Day
July 7th E. Germany Liberation Day(GDR)
1st Somalia Independence Day 9th Uganda Liberation Day
1st Canada Confederation Day 10th Taiwan National Day
3rd Algeria Independence Day 12th Spain Hispanity Day
4th Philippines Independence Day 21st Somalia Revolution Day
4th U.S.A. Independence Day 24th U.N.O. Foundation Day
6th Malawi Independence Day th
24 Zambia National Day
11th Mongolia People's Revolution Day 26th Austria National Day
12th Belgium National Day 29th Turkey Republic Day
14th France Taking of Bastille
17th Afghanistan National Day
November
1st Algeria National Day
18th Spain National Day
7th Russian Anniversary of the Federation
22nd Poland National Day
23rd Egypt National Day 11th Sweden King's Birthday
26th Liberia Independence Day 11th Angola Independence Day
28th Peru National Day 12th Saudi Arabia National Day
August 18th Morocco Throne pay
1st Switzerland National Day 22nd Lebanon Independence Day
7th Ivory Coast Republic Day 24th Zaire National Day
9th Singapore National Day 25th Surinam National Day
14th Pakistan Independence Day 26th Mongolia Independence Day
15th India Independence Day 29th Yugoslavia Republic Day
15th Korea (S) Independence Day 30th Yemen DPRY National Day
17th Indonesia Independence Day
December
23rd Romania Liberation Day 1st Cent-African National Day Empire
25th Uruguay National Day 2nd Yemen National Day
31st Malaysia Independence Day 2nd Laos Liberation Day
31st Trinidad Independence Day 5th Thailand King's Day
31st Tobago Independence Day 6th Finland Independence Day
September 9th Tanzania Independence Day
st
1 Libya National Day 11th Upper Volta Republic Day
nd
2 Vietnam Independence Day 11th Zanzibar Independence Day
3rd Qatar National Day 12th Kenya Independence Day
6th Switzerland Independence Day 16th Bangladesh Independence Day
7th Brazil National Day 18th Niger Republic Day
8th North Korea Liberation Day 24th Libya Independence Day
9th Bulgaria Liberation Day 29th Nepal King's Birthday
13th Ethiopia National Day
16th
16th
Mexico
Papua
Independence Day
New Guinea (National Day)
Major Wars in History
18th Chile National Day Name Date Won By Against
21st Malta Independence Day American War 1775- Thirteen colonies Britain
22nd Mali Independence Day of 1783
Independence
23rd Saudi Arabia National Day
Austrian 1740- Austria, Hungary Poland,
Succession 1748 Britain, Holland Prussia,
war Sardinia,
Saxony,
Spain
 15 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Boer War 1899- Britain Boer World War II 1939- Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
1902 Republics 1945 Britain, Canada, Finland,
Chinese- 1894- Japan China China, Denmark, Germany,
Japanese War 1895 Japan China France, Hungary,
1931- China Japan Netherlands, Italy, Japan,
1933 Newzealand, Romania
1937- Norway, Poland,
1945 Russia, S.Africa,
Civil War, 1861- 11, Northern States 11, Southern U.S., Yugoslavia
American 1865 States
Civil War, 1642- Parliament Charles-I
English 1651 Conquests of Germany in the 20th
Civil War, 1936- Junta de Defensa Republican century (1939-1942)
Spanish 1939 Nacional government Country Year
Crimean War, 1853- Britain, France France
Poland 1939
1856 Sardinia, Turkey
Denmark 1940
France, 1870- Prussia and German France
Norway 1941
Prussian War 1871 States
Belgium 1940
Gulf War 1991 Allied Forces Under Iraq
US Netherlands 1940
Hundred 1333- France England Luxembourg 1940
Years War 1453 France 1940
Korean War 1950- South Korea and UN North Korea Yugoslavia 1941
1953 Forces and Chinese Greece 1941
Napoleonic 1792- Austria, Britain, France
Wars 1815 Prussia, Russia etc. Russo-Japanese Dispute
Peloponnesian 431- Peloponnesian Delian Sakhalin has been a disputed land between Russia and Japan
War 404 League League from 19th to 20th century and is now a part of Russia. In 1855
BC through the Treaty of Shimoda, Russia and Japan agreed to
Punic Wars 254- Rome Carthage share the land – Russians would live in the North and Japanese
146 in the South – but later Russia invaded Sakhalin and took over
BC in 1875. Through the Treaty of Saint Petersburg, Russia
Russo- 1904- Japan Russia proclaimed Sakhalin as Russain land and Japan gave up its
Japanese War 1905 claim. Nowadays it is called Sachalin.
Seven Years 1756- Britain, Prussia Austria, Missile Technology Control Regime
War 1763 Hanover France MTCR is a regime made under the auspices of the G-7 nations.
Russia, It has 35 states as its members. The main purpose of creating
Sweden this regime was to limit the proliferation of weapons of mass
Spanish- 1898 U.S. Spain destruction and other such nuclear, chemical and biological
American War weapons that can prove to be deadly for mankind. Under this
Spanish 1701- England, Prussia Cologne, regime, the trade of materials that can be used in such
Succession 1714 Austria, Netherland Mantna, weapons is limited and kept under check. This is a sort of a
War Savoy treaty which is not legally binding on any member state but
there is an understanding between these states that such
Thirty years 1618- France, Sweden The holy
harmful weapons and their proliferation needs to be curbed.
war etc. 1648 Roman
Empire &
Fratricide: killing one’s own brother
Spain
The word has its roots in Latin: “frater” means “brother” and
Vietnam War 1957- North Vietnam South
“cide” means “killer”. It is either a direct or indirect killing.
1975 Vietnam and
U.S.
War of 1812 1812- U.S. Britain Important Treaties
1815 ● Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 AH)
War of Roses 1456- House of Lancaster House of ● Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
1485 York ● The Peace of Westphalia (1648)
World War I 1914- Belgium-Britain Austria, ● The Treaty of Paris (1783)
1918 Hungary, ● The Congress of Vienna (1814–15)
Bulgaria, ● Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Germany, ● Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 AH)
Ottoman ● The Camp David Accords (1978)
empire ● Izmir Treaty (1977)

Facts about Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles brought about the end of World War
I.The Treaty of Versailles is a document made up of 15 parts
 16 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

and 440 articles that marked the end of World War I. The Taliban vs. Northern Alliance 1995-2001
Treaty of Versailles was signed exactly 5 years after the start of Tajikistan vs. United Tajik Opposition (UTO) 1992-2000
World War I The Treaty of Versailles took territory away from Indonesia vs. East Ti mor 1975-2000
Germany. In total, the territory and population of Germany was Ethiopia vs. Eritrea 1998-2000
reduced by 10% after the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Fiji vs. Insurgents 2000
Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919. Nepal vs Mao Nawaz Nov.2006
Sri Lanka vs. Tamil Eelam 1978-2009
Armenia vs Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh) 1988-present
Significant Armed Conflicts Top Importers of Military Hardware
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research
Main Warring Parties Year Institute (SIPRI), Saudi Arabia’s imports account for 12% of the
total imports and there has been a tremendous rise of 192%
Middle East: over 2009-2013. Saudi Arabia received F-15 fighter aircraft,
Iran vs. Mujahideen Khalq Organization 1979 Eurofighter Typhoon multi-role fighters, cruise missiles, etc.
Iraq vs. Desert Storm Coalition (U.S & U.K.) 1991
Iraq Government (Sunni) vs. Shia (Supreme Council
for Islamic Revolution in Iraq)
1991
Ranking of Top Ten Arms’ Importing
Iraq vs. Kurds 1961 Countries – Stockholm International
Israel vs. Palestinian Authority/ Hamas/ Hezbollah/
Palestinian separatists
1948
Peace Research Institute’s (SIPRI)
Country Total Spending in 2018
Asia: Saudi Arabia $3.81bn
Afghanistan: U.S., U.K., Northern Alliance, and 2001
Australia $1.57bn
Coalition Forces vs. al-Qaeda
China $1.56bn
Sri Lanka vs. Tamil Eelam (1978-
2002) India $1.53bn
Aug 06 Egypt $1.48bn
India vs. Kashmiri separatist groups/ Pakistan 1948 Algeria $1.32bn
India vs. Assam insurgents (various) 1979 South Korea $1.31bn
Indonesia vs. Aceh Separatists 1969 United Arab Emirates (UAE) $1.1bn
Indonesia vs. Irian Jaya separatist 1969 Qatar $816m
Philippines vs. Mindanaoan separatists (MILF/ ASG) 1971 Pakistan $777m
Africa:
Algeria vs. Armed Islamic Group (GIA) Burundi: Tutsi 1991
Major Suppliers of Weapons (2014-18)
vs. Hutu Country Total Income in 2018
Democratic Republic of Congo and allies vs. Rwanda, 1997 USA $10.05bn
Uganda, and Indigenous rebels Russia $6.4bn
Liberia vs. LURD rebels 2000 France $1.76bn
Somalia vs. rival clans 1991 Germany $1.27bn
Sudan vs. Sudanese People’s Liberation Army 1983 Spain $1.18bn
Uganda vs. Lords’ Resistance Army (LRA) 1986 South Korea $1.08bn
China $1.04bn
Europe: UK $741m
Russia vs. Chechen separatists 1994 Israel $707m
Latin America: Italy $611m
Colombia vs. National Liberation Army (ELN) 1978
Colombia vs. Revolutionary Armed Forces of 1978
Colombia (FARC) Famous Arms Control Agreements
Colombia vs. Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia 1990 Treaty Purpose Date
(AUG) Washington Naval Set limitations on 1922–
Treaty construction of battleships, 1939
Recently Suspended Armed battlecruisers, and aircraft
carriers as well as tonnage
Conflicts quotas on cruisers,
destroyers, and submarines
between the United States,
Year Began the United Kingdom, Japan,
Year
Main Warring Parties France, and Italy.
Ceasefire
Antarctic Treaty Prohibited military conflict in 1961
Declared
Antarctica
Angola vs. UNITA 1975-2002 Outer Space Treaty prohibited deployment of 1967
Chad vs. Muslim separatists (MDJT) 1998-2002 weapons of mass
Sierra Leone vs. RUF 1991-2002 destruction, including
 17 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

nuclear weapons, in space Nuclear Weapons

Seabed Arms prohibited underwater 1971
Control Treaty
Biological Weapons
nuclear tests
prohibited production of 1972
Major Arms Deals of USA in 2021
Convention biological weapons Deal Country Date Cost
Environmental prohibited military use of 1978 Korea – Agm-114r Hellfire Korea 19 March, $36
Modification environmental modification Missiles 2021 million
Convention techniques Norway – Javelin Fgm-148 Norway 16 March, $36
Chemical Weapons prohibited production and 1997 Missiles 2021 million
Convention stockpiling of chemical Finland – Extended Range Finland February $91.2
weapons Guided Multiple Launch 17, 2021 million
Open Skies Treaty allowed unarmed 2002 Rocket System
reconnaissance flights Chile – Standard Missile-2 Chile February $85
between NATO and Russia (Sm-2) Block Iiia Missiles 5, 2021 million
Egypt – Rolling Airframe Egypt February $197
Arms Trade Treaty regulates trade of 2013 Missiles (Ram) Block 2 16, 2021 million
conventional weapons
Treaty on the prohibits nuclear weapons 2017 Tactical Missiles
Prohibition of

List of countries sanctioned by US

Country Year Article Summary
introduced
Iran 1979 (lifted United States Near total economic embargo on all economic activities, began in 1979 as a
1981), sanctions response to the Iranian Revolution, and rapidly expanded over recent years due to
reintroduced against Iran the Iranian Nuclear Program and Iran's poor human rights record. Iran and the US
1987 have no diplomatic relations. Listed as state sponsor of terrorism.
Country listed as Tier 3 on Trafficking in Persons Report which imposes ban on
participating in International Military Education and Training (IMET), Foreign Military
Financing (FMF), and Foreign Military Sales (FMS)
North Korea 1950 North Korea– Severe sanctions justified by extreme human rights abuses by North Korea and the
United States North Korean nuclear program. North Korea and the US currently have no diplomatic
relations relations.
Country listed as Tier 3 on Trafficking in Persons Report which imposes ban on
participating in International Military Education and Training (IMET), Foreign Military
Financing (FMF), and Foreign Military Sales (FMS)
Syria 1986 Syria–United Reasons cited include Syria's poor human rights record, the Civil War, and being
States listed as a state sponsor of terrorism. Syria and the US have no diplomatic relations
relations since 2012.
Country listed as Tier 3 on Trafficking in Persons Report which imposes ban on
participating in International Military Education and Training (IMET), Foreign Military
Financing (FMF), and Foreign Military Sales (FMS)
Cuba 1958 United States Reasons cited for the embargo include Cuba's poor human rights record. Since 1992,
embargo the UN General Assembly has regularly passed annual resolutions criticizing the
against Cuba ongoing impact of the embargo imposed by the United States.
Venezuela 2019 International Reasons cited for sanctions include Venezuela's poor human rights record, links with
sanctions illegal drug trade, high levels of state corruption and electoral rigging.
during the Since 2019, Venezuela and the United States have no diplomatic relations under
Venezuelan Nicolás Maduro but maintain relations through disputed president Juan Guaidó
crisis Country listed as Tier 3 on Trafficking in Persons Report which imposes ban on
participating in International Military Education and Training (IMET), Foreign Military
Financing (FMF), and Foreign Military Sales (FMS)
Turkey 2020 Turkey– The United States has imposed long-anticipated sanctions on NATO ally Turkey over
United States Ankara's procurement and testing of a Russian-made S-400 air defense system.
relations

List of Countries that Allow women in 3.

4.
Finland
France
front-line combat roles 5. Germany
1. Denmark 6. Lithuania
2. Estonia 7. Netherlands
 18 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

8. Norway List below includes those army names which are commonly
9. Poland asked in exams.
10. Romania Country Army
11. Sweden
Afghanistan Afghan National Army
List of Largest Naval Bases of US Albania
Algeria
Albanian Land Force
Algerian People's National Army
Name Location Area
(acres)
Belgium Belgian Land Component
Naval Station Norfolk South Eastern 3,400
Virginia Colombia Colombian National Army
Joint Base Pearl Harbor- Oahu 27,694 Gabon Gabon Army
Hickam Gambia Gambian National Army
Naval Air Station Jacksonville 3,400 Japan Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
Naval Base San Diego California 2,000
Naval Base Kitsap Kitsap Peninsula Jordan Royal Jordanian Army
Naval Air Station Corpus Texas Kazakhstan Kazakh Ground Forces
Christi North Korea Korean People's Army Ground Force
Naval Station Mayport Jacksonville 3,409
Diego Garcia Indian Ocean 6720 South Korea Republic of Korea Army
Turkey Turkish Land Forces
Military Operations in the Near Past Turkmenistan Turkmen Ground Forces
Operation Name Country in which operation Uganda Uganda Army
is conducted
Operation Enduring Afghanistan Medals of Bravery for Different Countries
Freedom Medal for Bravery Country
Freedom Sentinel Afghanistan National bravery Award India
Resolute Support Afghanistan Military Medal Britain
Chammal Syria Distinguished Conduct Medal Britain
Timber Sycamore Syria Gold Medal of Military Valour Italy
Olive Branch Syria Medal of Bravery Hungary
Operation Shader Syria Queen’s Gallantry Medal United Kingdom
Iraqi Freedom Iraq Conspicuous Gallantry Medal Britain
Inherent Resolute Iraq & Syria Military Merit Medal Vietnam
Neptune Spear Pakistan Nishan-e-Haider Pakistan
Countries with Nuclear Weapons Capability
Highest Military Awards of Countries Acknowledged Nuclear Weapons Capability: Britain, France,
Highest Military Award Country Pakistan, United States, China, India, Russia, North Korea.
Medal of Honor USA Unacknowledged Nuclear Weapons Capability: Israel.
Seeking Nuclear Weapons Capability: Iran.
Legion d’honneur France
Hero of Russian federation Russia
Victoria Cross UK
Abandoned Nuclear Weapons Development:
South Africa: Constructed but then voluntarily dismantled 6
Order of August First China uranium bombs.
The Valour Cross Denmark Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine: When Soviet Union broke up,
Param Vir chakra India these former states possessed nuclear warheads that they have
Military William Order Netherland since given up.
Order of Rama Thailand
The Cross of Honor for Valor Germany North Korea Nuclear Tests numbers
Order of Bravery Bulgaria Years Tests
Bir Srestho Bangladesh 2006–2017 06
The Cross of Liberty Estonia 2006-Oct-9 to 2017-Sep-3 06
Mannerheim Cross of Liberty Finland
Order of Military Merit Brazil N-Powers’ Arsenal: A snapshot:
Nishan-e-Haider Pakistan A Glance At the world’s nuclear weapons states and their
stockpiles, based on estimates compiled from different sources:
● Druzhba-III is a joint military training exercise between North Korea: Believed to have enough fissile material for about
Pakistan and Russia. a half-dozen weapons, but estimates vary widely and are
● The Dokhlam Standoff was a famous military standoff unverifiable.
between China and Bhutan that lasted between June 16- The United States: More than 5,000 strategic warheads, more
August 28, 2017. than 1,000 operational tactical weapons – meant for the
battlefield and less powerful than the strategic arms – and
approximately 3,000 reserve and tactical warheads.
Armies of Some Countries in the World
 19 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Russia: Nearly 5,000 strategic warheads, and approximately economic stress. It was at that time when Fidel Castro, his
3,500 operational tactical warheads. In addition, it has more brother Raul Castro and Che Guevara (from Argentina)
than 11,000 strategic and tactical warheads in storage. began sporadic attacks against the government and
France: Approximately 350 strategic warheads. eventually seized control of the country on 1st January
China: As many as 250 strategic warheads and 150 tactical 1959. Slogan: Patria o Muerte (Homeland or death)
warheads. Iranian Revolution (January 1978-February 1979)
Britain: About 200 strategic warheads. Iranian revolution was led by agitated Iranians who were
India: Between 45 and 95 nuclear warheads. against the US backed regime of Mohamed Reza Shah
Pakistan: Between 30 and 50 nuclear warheads. Pahlavi. Revolution resulted in the overthrow of Pahlavi
Israel: Refuses to confirm it is an nuclear weapons state but is rule and it was replaced with an Islamic state led by
generally assumed to have up to 200 nuclear warheads. Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Slogan: Death to
America
● Chinese Communist Revolution 1949:
Important Wars and Revolutions Mao Zedong (leader of Chinese Communist Party) on 1st
October 1949 proclaimed the creation of the People’s
REVOLUTIONS: Republic of China (PRC). It marked the end of civil war
between the Chinese Communist Party and the National
● Saur Revolution Party , which initiated soon after WWII. The formation of
The Saur Revolution, also known as the April Revolution PRC led to an end of a long governmental crisis in China
was a coup led by Soviet-backed People’s Democratic which started with the Chinese Revolution in 1911.
Party of Afghanistan against the rule of Afghan President However, as mainland China fell to the communists in
Mohammed Daoud Khan. The revolution resulted in the 1949, the US suspended all diplomatic relations with the
murder of Mohammed Daoud and his family, and the PRC for several decades.
creation of a government with Nur Muhammad Taraki as
the President. This became a precursor for the soon-to- ● 14 July Revolution/1958 coup d'etat (14 July
happen Soviet invasion in Afghanistan and the Soviet- 1958)
Afghan War against the Mujahideen. Revolution led to the overthrow of the Hashemite
● Russian Revolution Monarch established by King Faisal in 1921. Following the
Russian revolution includes two revolutions, February revolution Abd al Karim Basit became the Prime Minister
Revolution 1917 and October Revolution 1917. The Feb of Iraq who was later killed in 1963 during the Ramadan
Revolution led to the fall of the then Emperor Nicholas II Revolution.
and establishment of a provisional government. The
October revolution led by Vladimir Lenin resulted in the
Facts about Vietnam War
overthrow of the provisional government and The U.S. first got involved in Vietnam in 1954. U.S. and South
establishment of communist state. Slogan: All Power to Vietnamese Presidents were shot in 1963. The Gulf of Tonkin
Russians. Incident is the catalyst for the escalation of American action in
Vietnam. It refers to two incidents in August 1964.
● American Revolution (1765-1783)
The reason for this revolution was American colonies' Yellow Vest Movement
denial to submit to Great Britain King and Parliament ● The yellow vests movement or yellow jackets movement
authority. Revolution ended in the drafting of the US is a populist, grassroots protest movement for economic
constitution and later independence of the USA. Slogan: justice that began in France in October 2018.
No vacation without representation ● After an online petition posted in May had attracted
nearly a million signatures, mass demonstrations began
● French Revolution (1789-1799) on 17 November.
Roots of this revolution are usually related to economic ● On 29 November 2018, a list of 42 demands was made
inequality. In the aftermath of this revolution Monarch public and went viral on social media, becoming de facto
was replaced with democratic republic. Slogan: Liberty, a structuring basis for the movement, covering a wide
Equality, Fraternity. range of eclectic topics, mostly related to democracy,
social and fiscal justice.
● Xinhai Revolution (1911)
The Xinhai Revolution led to the fall of the last imperial List of Famous Freedom Fighters of the
dynasty, the Qing Dynasty. Dissatisfaction among the World
masses due to archaic policies of the Qing Dynasty led to Name Country
this revolution. This revolution lasted for 4 months and Bhagat Singh India
imperial rule was replaced with the Provisional Frederick Douglass America
Government of the Republic of China. Motto: Take one
Martin Luther King Jr America
province by force and inspire the other province to rise
up. Che Guevara Argentina
Charles de Gaulle France
● Cuban Revolution (26 July 1953-1 January William Wallace Scotland
1959) Vladimir Lenin Russia
Cuban revolution led to the overthrow of Batista led Trotsky Russia
authoritarian regime. Revolution lasted from 26 July Stalin Russia
1953-1 January 1959. Cuban population was under heavy
 20 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Fidel Castro Cuba Treaty of Versailles: Treaty of Versatile officially marked

Mao Zedong China the end of WW1. It is one of the greatest peace treaties
Mahatma Gandhi India in history. Treaty was signed on 28 June 1919. Its aim was
Nelson Mandela South Africa to punish Germany by the Allied powers. The League of
Mangal Pandey India Nation was also created as an outcome of this treaty.
Kanaklata Barua Assam ● Treaty of Sevres: It was signed on 10 August 1920 and it
Usha Mehta India led to the breakdown of Ottoman Empire.
Pritilata Waddadar Bengal ● World War 2 (1 September 1939 - 2 September 1945)
● During World war II, two Japanese towns, Hiroshima and
Rani Lakshmibai Jhansi
Nagasaki, were attacked with a nuclear bomb by the
Annie Besant Britain
United States.

List of countries that experienced a

socialist revolution in 20th century Non Alignment Movement Summit
Country Leader/Party Year Conferences
Cuba Fidel Castro 1959  The Non Alignment Movement is the largest grouping of
Soviet Union Vladimir Lenin 1917 states worldwide after United Nations
El Salvador Farabundo Marti 1980-1992  The Non Alignment Movement was established in 1961
National Liberation  The purpose of the conference was declared by Fidel
Hungary Bela Kun 1919 Castro in his Havana Declaration of 1979
Germany Rosa Luxemburg 1918-1919 Summit Venue Year
Mongolia Baron Ungern 1921 18
th
Baku, Azerbaijan 25-26 October, 2019
China Chinese 1949 17
th
Margarita, Venezuela September, 2019
Communist Party th
16 Tehran, Iran 26-31 August, 2012
Afghanistan People’s 1978 th
15 Sharm-el-Sheikh, Egypt 15-16 July, 2009
Democratic Party th
14 Havana, Cuba 11-16 September, 2006
of Afghanistan

WARS Treaties Regarding Palestine Conflict

Treaty/Agreement Year
● Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
● Greek War of Independence (1821-1832) Camp David Summit 2000
● French invasion of Spain (1823) Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty 1994
● Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) Oslo Accords 1993
● Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829) Madrid Conference 1991
● Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence (1848- Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty 1979
1849) Camp David Accords 1978
● First Schleswig War (1848-1851) Geneva Conference 1973
● Wars of Italian Independence (1848–1866) Rogers Plan 1969
● First Italian Independence War (1848–1849) Allon Plan 1967
● The War of 1859 (1859)--Also known as the Second Italian Armistice Agreements 1949
War of Independence
●
●
Third Italian War of Independence (1866)
Russo–Turkish War (1877–1878)
Muslim States which have Recognized
● Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885) Israel as a Sovereign State
● Greco–Turkish War (1897) State Year of recognition
● Opium Wars were fought between 1839-1842, and the Turkey March 28, 1949
participants were Britain and China. Egypt March 26, 1979
● The First Mysore War was fought between the East India Jordan October 26, 1994
Company and the Sultanate of Mysore in the duration of Morocco September 1, 1994
1766-1769.
UAE September 15, 2020
● Crimean War (1854–1856): France, Britain and Sardinia
Bahrain September 15, 2020
joined hands to defend Ottoman Empire from Soviet
invasion. Most events of this war took place in Crimea. Turkmenistan October 6, 1993
● Second Schleswig War (1864): Austria and Prussia Chad January 10, 1961
colluded against Denmark to take Schleswig and make it a Uzbekistan February 21, 1992
part of Germany. Kyrgyzstan March 1992
● Austro-Prussian War (1866): In this short conflict Prussia, Tajikistan April 1992
forced Austria out of German affairs. Kazakhstan April 10, 1992
● Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871): It was the last of the
German Unification Wars, this war led to the formation of Muslim countries which do not
the German Empire (The Second Reich), and resulted
directly in the First World War.
Recognize Israel
● World War 1 (28 July 1914 - 11November 1918) Afghanistan Algeria Bangladesh
Bahrain Brunei Comoros
 21 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Djibouti Egypt Iran May and

Bigston Television Medicine
Iraq Kuwait Libya Baker
Maldives Malaysia Mauritania Burmah Shell
Burshane Morton Sweets
Oman Pakistan Palestine gas for cooking.
Qatar Saudi Arabia Sahrawi Tooth Paste
Somalia Tunisia Yemen Binaca Brush and Matador Suitings
Powder
Bournvita Food Drink Murphy Radio
US missile attack on Syria – 2018 Germicidal
On 14th of April 2018, United States in collaboration with the Black Stone Oil Engine Neko
soap
UK and France attacked Syria and stroke them with missiles. Cadbury Chocolate Nelco Radios
Syria was having a civil war at that time. The reason they gave Capstan Cigarettes Nepa News Print
for this missile attack was that since Syria had carried out
Caltex Petroleum Nivea Skin Cream
chemical attacks in the Douma region just a week before this,
they had to stop them from proliferating such attacks. The Coat Tyres Nixoderm Skin Ointment
Douma Chemical Attack had killed almost 50 people and the Chelpark Ink Optrex Eye drop
United States blamed the Syrian Army and government for this Cherry
Boot Polish Ovaltine Food drink
attack. Blossom
Chevrolet Car Orient Fans
Coca Cola Cold Drink Omega Wrist watches
Trade Names & Their Colgate
Tooth Paste,
Hair Oil, Powder
Pearl's
Toilet soap,
face powder
Associations Colt Revolver Pond's
Face powder,
cream snow
Trade Association Trade Association Pepsoden Toothbrush
Crown T.V.
Refrigerator, t and paste
Allwyn Steel furniture, Indane Cooking Gas Toilet soap,
Watches Crookes Lenses Palmolive shaving brush
Agfa Photo goods Kassel Fans and cream
Austin Motor Car Kiwi Boot Polish Motors, Fans
Crompton Peps Throat drug
and Light
Engines,
Ambassador Car Kirloskar Safety razor
Tractors Talcum Powder,
Cuticura Panama blades,
Butter, Ghee Vegetable Soap
Amul Kotogem cigarettes
and Cheese ghee
Complexion
Photographic Cinthol Parker Fountain pen
Aerolon Hair Spray Kodak soap powder
goods
Cobra Shoe Polish Polson Butter
Toothpaste
Atlas Bicycle Kolynos Television,
and Brush Dalda Vegetable Ghee Pye
Radio
Avon Bicycle Lactogen Baby milk food
Electrical
Shoe and Tyres, Rubber
Bata Lux Soap Qunlop Philips goods, Radio,
Rubber goods Goods
Television
Lambrett
Bayer Chemicals Scooter Sweets and
a Daurala Quink Ink
Sugar
Scooters and
Whitening of
Bajaj Electrical Lamby Scooter Dodge Motor Car Ranipal
Clothes
Appliances
Vanaspati
Landmast Eno's Fruit Salt Rath
Binny's Cotton Textile Motor Car ghee
er
Batteries,
Black Birds Fountain Pen Lifebuoy Soap
Eveready Torches and Romer Wrist watches
Black and
Whisky Lal imli Woollens cells
White
Blades and
Brooke Erasmic Rallifan Fans
Tea Lipton Tea Shaving Soap
Bond
Eastern Star Bicycle Rajdoot Motor cycle
MotorCycle and Soaps and
B.S.A. Lever Exide Batteries Raleigh Bicycle
Bicycle Ghee
(Royal)
Max ESSO Petroleum Motor Cycle
Brasso Brass Polish Cosmetics Enfield
Factor
Remingto
Manghar Biscuits and Flit Insecticide Typewriter
Bry cream Hair Cream n
am (J.B.) Sweets
Fiat Car Rolex Watches
Antiseptic skin
Borolin cream Mauser Pistol Red and
Flex Shoes Cigarettes
(perfumed) White
Bread and Tooth brush, Blades, safety
Britannia Macleans Favre Leuba Watches 7 O'clock
Biscuits Paste razors
 22 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Firestone Tyres Sheffers Fountain pen Malaysia Rubber, tin

Tooth Paste, Netherlands Machinery, aircraft, electrical
Forhans Standard TV and Radio
Tooth Brushes Saudi Arabia Oil, date
Motor Cars, Spain Lead
Washing
Ford Trucks and Surf Sweden Matches, timber
powder
Tractors Switzerland Watches, chemicals, electrical
Baldness (hair Taiwan Camphor, rice
Gems Refrigerators Silvikrin
tonic) UK Textile, medicines, machinery, cars
Safety razors Russia Petroleum, wheat, chemicals, heavy
Gillette Sunlight Washing soap
and blades machinery
Safes, Soaps and Headache Vietnam Tin, rice, rubber, teak
Godrej Saridon
Refrigerators drug
Gfaxo
Glucose, Baby
Scindia Shipping Top 5 Countries which participate in
food biscuits Internationally Genetically Engineered Machines
Goldflake Cigarette Shalimar Paints, Biscuits
Sewing
(IGEM)
Goodyear Tyres Singer 1. United States
Machine
2. China
Grunding Television Telerad T.V. Transistor
3. Canada
Wine, Tomato 4. Japan
Hall's Texla T.V.
Ketchup 5. Germany
Haig Whisky True Tone Hair Dye
Hamam Toilet Soap Usha
Fans, Sewing
Machines List of International Trade
Hiltons Hotel Vat 69 Wine Organizations and Agreements
Hercules Cycle Vicks
Sore throat Trade Organization/ Purpose Membe
cure Agreement rs
Air- The Export-Import Bank of The official export 1
Hind Cycle Voltas
conditioning the United States credit agency of the
Gramophone. West United States federal
H.M.V. Time-piece
Radio clock government
Horlicks Malted milk Weston T.V. The International To promote 190
Thermometer, Monetary Fund (IMF) international
H.M.T. Wrist watches Zeal
EV. economic cooperation,
Hennol Hair dye international trade
1. Trade and Industries and exchange rate
stability
Major Industries of the world The North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
A trilateral trade bloc
between Canada,
3

(Manufacturer Countries) Mexico and the United

Afghanistan Dry and fresh fruits, carpets, wool States
Australia Wood, dairy products, wheat, meat, lea, zinc The World Bank An international 189
Austria Machinery, textiles, leathers goods financial institution
Brazil Coffee that provides loans to
Belgium Glass, textiles developing countries
Chile Copper Nitrate for various programs
Canada Wheat, newsprint, machinery The European Union An economic and 27
China Silk, tea, rice political Union made
Congo Copper, uranium, cobalt, ivory up of 27 member
Cuba Sugar, tobacco, cigar states located
Denmark Textiles, paper primarily in Europe
France Textile, Wine, silk The Asia Pacific Economic A forum for 21 Pacific 21
Germany Machinery, Chemical, Iron and steel Cooperation (APEC) Rim countries that
equipment seek to promote free
India Jute, Textiles, sugar, spices, tobacco, tea, trade and economic
cement, mica opportunities
throughout the Asia
Indonesia Sugar, spices, rubber, rice cinchona,
Pacific region.
petroleum
The General Agreement A multilateral 128
Iraq Dates, petroleum
on Tariffs and Trade agreement regulating
Italy Mercury, textiles
(GATT) international trade
Japan Machinery, textiles, toys silk, automobiles
South Asian Association A body dedicated to 8
Kenya Coffee, tea, meat, sisal, hides and skins, for Regional Cooperation economic,
cement, soda ash (SAARC) technological, social
Kuwait Petroleum
 23 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

and cultural Lebanon 14 145

development Saudi Arabia 15 146
collectively. Iran 16 148
Association of Southeast An economic union to 10 Syria 17 150
Asian Nations (ASEAN) promote Iraq 18 152
intergovernmental Yemen 19 153
cooperation and
facilitate economic,
political, security, World Soft Power Index 30 – Top 5
military, educational
and sociocultural nations (2018 – 2022)
integration 2016: United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada,
France
List of Countries which Impose Carbon 2017: France, UK, US, Germany, Canada
2018: UK, France, Germany, US, Japan
Tax 2019: France, UK, Germany, Sweden, US
Country Tax imposed 2020: US, Germany, UK, Japan, China
South Africa 75 South African Rands per kg of Co2
Zimbabwe 3 cents of US dollar per litre of petroleum
China World Happiness Index - Top 10
India
Japan
100 Indian rupees per tonne of coal
JPY 289/t-CO2 Cities
Singapore S$5 per tonne of greenhouse gas emissions Ranking City Points
Taiwan US$61.8 per tonne of CO2 emissions 1 Helsinki 7828
Australia AUD$23 per tonne on selected fossil fuels 2 Aarhus 7625
New Zealand NZ$15 per tonne of CO2-equivalent 3 Wellington 7553
Denmark 100 DKK per tonne of CO2 4 Zurich 7541
France 25 US cents per gallon of unleaded fuel 5 Copenhagen 7530
Germany 25 Euros per tonne of CO2 6 Bergen 7527
Netherlands 5.16 Dutch guilder per tonne CO2 7 Oslo 7464
Norway US$51 per tonne of CO2 8 Tel Aviv 7461
Ireland €15 per tonne of CO2 9 Stockholm 7373
Sweden SEK 250 per 1000 kg of greenhouse gas 10 Brisbane 7337
emissions
Switzerland US$34.20 per tonne CO2
Carbon-emitting Nations
Global Gender Gap Index Ranking 2020 In ascending order:
South Asia i. China
Country Regional Rank Global Rank ii. United States
Bangladesh 1 50 iii. India
Nepal 2 101 iv. Russia
v. Japan
Sri Lanka 3 102
vi. Germany
India 4 112
vii. Islamic Republic of Iran
Maldives 5 123 viii. South Korea
Bhutan 6 131 ix. Saudi Arabia
Pakistan 7 151 x. Indonesia

Middle East and North Africa

Country Regional Rank Global Rank Global Competitive Report (2021-2022)
Israel 1 64 2015 – 2016:
UAE 2 120 2021:
Kuwait 3 122
Tunisia 4 124 1. Switzerland
Turkey 5 130 2. Sweden
Algeria 6 132 3. Denmark
Bahrain 7 133 4. Netherlands
Egypt 8 134 5. Singapore
Qatar 9 135 6. Norway
Jordan 10 138 7. Hong Kong
Mauritania 11 141 8. Taiwan, China
Morocco 12 143 9. UAE
Oman 13 144 10. United States
 24 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

2022: Historic Famines of the World

Famine Country/City/Province Year
1. Denmark Great Famine Ireland 1845
2. Switzerland Bengal Famine Bengal 1943
3. Singapore Soviet Famine Soviet Union 1932-33
4. Sweden Irish Famine Ireland 1879
5. Hong Kong Holodomor Ukraine 1932-33
6. Netherlands Bangladesh Famine Bangladesh 1974
7. Taiwan, China North Korean Famine North Korea 1994
8. Finland Chalisa Famine North India 1783
9. Norway 1899-
10. United States Indian Famine India
1900
Dutch Famine Netherlands 1944-45
Bihat Famine Bihar 1873-74
List of Global Climate Change Orissa Famine
Rajputana Famine
Orissa
Rajputana
1866
1868
Agreements Finnish Famine Finland 1867
Agreement name Signing year Great Famine of
Estonia 1694
Montreal Protocol 1987 Estonia
UN Framework Convention on Climate 1992 Ethipian Famine Ethiopia 1983
Change
Kyoto Protocol 2005 Death Anniversaries of Famous Scientists:
Paris Agreement 2015 Stephen Hawking March 14, 2018
Abdus Salam November 21, 1996
List of Youth Climate Activists from Albert Einstein April 18, 1955
Around the Globe Srinivasa Ramanujan April 26, 1920
Name Country Rosalind Franklin April 16, 1958
Xiye Bastida USA ● Albert Einstein was born in Germany.
Kallan Benson USA
Vic Barrett USA
John Paul Jose India International Organizations
Luisa Neubauer Germany
Isra Hirsi USA United Nations Organization
Holly Gillibrand Scotland The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization
David Wicker Italy founded on 24 October 1945. The United Nation Charter was
Xiuhtezcatl Martinez USA signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco at the conclusion of
Lilly Platt The Netherlands the United Nations Conference on International Organizations.
Saoi O’Connor Ireland The term United Nations was first coined by the then United
Jamie Margolin USA States President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Second World
Leah Namugerwa Uganda War.
Anuna De Wever Belgium
Jerome Foster II USA Facts about United Nations
Eyal Weintraub Argentina UN has 6 major organs, namely:
Alexandria Villaseñor USA ● General Assembly (as of August 2019 it has 193 member
Haven Coleman USA states): Each year, in September, the full UN membership
Greta Thunberg Sweden meets in the General Assembly Hall in New York for the
annual General Assembly session.
● Security Council: It has 15 members in total, 5 members
Global Climate Action Summit are permanent while 10 are non-permanent. Non-
 Held in San Francisco, United States permanent members serve a term of 2 years.
 Convened by Governor Jerry Brown ● China was admitted in the United Nations Organization in

th th
Held between 12 -14 September, 2018 1971.
 At the Summit, twenty-nine organizations committed ● Economic and Social Council: It comprises 54 Members,
$4billion to combat climate change over the coming five elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term.
years. ● Trusteeship Council
 The Summit also provided encouragement to ● International Court of Justice
governments to implement the guidelines of the Paris ● Secretariat
Agreement.
 It also guided them to prepare their national climate
action plans in the upcoming years.
 25 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Gladwyn Jeb (UK) served as acting Secretary-

Related Information Secretary-General from October 1945-1 February
● There are 6 official languages of the UN, they are: Arabic, 1946.
Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
● The UN Commission on Human Rights was replaced with Structure of the United Nations
the UN Human Rights Council in 2006. Organ Total Members
● Pakistan has become a non-permanent member of the General Assembly 193
Security Council for 7 times, most recently in 2012-2013.
Security Council 15
Economic and Social Council 54
United Nations Observer Status Trusteeship Council 5
United Nation Observer Status is provided to international
International Court of Justice 15
organizations and non UN member states. It allows these
entities and non-member states to take part in the work of the Secretariat 193
UN General Assembly, though their contribution is subject to
limitations. United Nations languages
United Nations has recognized a total of six working languages:
 Arabic
To Date Two Countries have Observer Status  Chinese
● Palestine. Palestine got observer state status on 29  English
November, 2012 when the UN General Assembly passed  French
resolution 67/19.  Russian
● Holy See was granted observer status on 6th April 1964.  Spanish
Permanent Members of United Nations Security
Council Headquarters of UN Specialized
Countries Agencies
1. United States UN Specialized Agency Headquarters
2. Russia (Formerly USSR) United Nations High Commissioner Geneva, Switzerland
3. United Kingdom for Refugees
4. France Food and Agriculture Organization Rome, Italy
5. China (FAO)
*China was the last country to become a permanent member International Civil Aviation Montreal, Quebec,
of the Security Council.
Organization (ICAO) Canada
The Presidency of the UN Security Council rotates each month
International Fund for Agricultural Rome, Italy
among the member States.
Development (IFAD)
The non-permanent members of the Security Council are
elected in the following pattern: International Labor Organization Geneva, Switzerland
● 5 from African and Asian States. (ILO)
● 1 from Eastern European State. International Maritime Organization London, United
● 2 from Latin America (IMO) Kingdom
● 2 from Western Europe and other states. International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington D.C.,
United States of
List of Secretary Generals of UN International Telecommunication
America
Geneva, Switzerland
❖ António Guterres (Portuguese) Union (ITU)
Took Office: 2017 United Nations Educational, Paris, France
❖ Ban Ki-moon (Korea) Scientific and Cultural Organization
Term of Office: 2007-2016 (UNESCO)
United Nations Industrial Vienna, Austria
❖ Kofi Annan (Ghana) Development Organization (UNIDO)
Term of Office: 1997-2006 Universal Postal Union (UPU) Berne, Switzerland
❖ Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) World Bank Group (WBG) Washington D.C.,
Term of Office: 1992-1996 United States of
❖ Javier Perez de Cuellar (Peru) America
Term of Office: 1982-1991 World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, Switzerland
❖ Kurt Waldheim (Austria) World Intellectual Property Geneva, Switzerland
Term of Office: 1972-1981 Organization (WIPO)
❖ U Thant (Myanmar) World Meteorological Organization Geneva, Switzerland
Term of Office: 1961-1971 (WMO)
❖ Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden) World Tourism Organization Madrid, Spain
Term of Office: 1953-1961 (UNWTO or WTO)
World Trade Organization (WTO) Geneva, Switzerland
❖ Trygve Lie (Norway)
International Organization for Geneva, Switzerland
Term of Office: 1946-1952 Migration (IOM)
 26 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, Austria Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic,
(IAEA) Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
● The transport and communications sector, since the early
years of ECO, is on the top of the agenda. Key documents in
Brief Notes on Some Commonly this field are: the Quetta Plan of Action; the Istanbul

Questioned International
Declaration (ECO Long Term Perspectives); the Almaty Outline
Plan for the Development of Transport Sector in the ECO
Organizations region; the Ashgabat Declaration of 1997; the Programme of
Action for ECO Decade of Transport and Communications; and
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) the Transit Transport Framework Agreement
NAM was established in 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. The idea
of NAM was first discussed during the Asia-Africa conference Largest Ambulance Service in the World
held in Ban dung, Indonesia (1955). Its main founding members Established in 1951, Pakistan has the world's largest ambulance
were Josip Tito the then Yugoslav President and Jawaharlal service – (Guinness record) Pakistan's Edhi Foundation, which is
Nehru the then PM of India. First NAM Summit Conference was also listed in the Guinness Book of World Records, operates the
held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in September 1961. To date it has world's largest ambulance network.
120 member states, 17 observer states and 10 international
organizations. Its coordinating bureau is situated in New York, Shanghai Cooperation Organization
USA and its current chairperson is Nicolas Maduro. Its summits Creation of SCO was announced on 15 June 2001 and its
are held after every three years. It was established during the charter was formally signed in June 2002 which entered into
time of the Cold War with the aim of maintaining neutrality by force on 19 September 2003. Its predecessor organization was
either supporting or going against any world power. Shanghai Five Group which was established on 26 April 1996.
Currently it has 8 member states, headquartered in Beijing,
SAARC China. Its current Secretary General is Vladimir Norov. Pakistan
SAARC was established on 8 December 1985 in Dhaka, became the full-member of SCO on 9 June 2017 at its summit in
headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. It aims to promote socio- Astana, Kazakhstan. India is also a member of SCO. Its official
economic welfare of the people of South Asia. First SAARC languages are Russian and Chinese. SCO is usually referred to as
summit was held in Dhaka 6-8 December 1985. Its first Alliance of the East.
Secretary-General was Abul Ahsan (Bangladesh) from 16
January to 1 October 1989 and its current (14th) Secretary- OPEC
General is Esala Ruwan Weerakoon (Sri Lanka). Currently it has Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is an
8 member states. The 19th SAARC summit was scheduled to be intergovernmental organization of 13 oil exporting member
held in Pakistan from 15-16 November 2016 but it got cancelled States, established in September 1960 at Baghdad,
in the aftermath of the Uri attack, India. Maldives is a member headquartered in Vienna, Austria since 1965. At its inception it
state of SAARC with the highest literacy rate. comprised 5 member nations. OPEC aims to regulate the
petroleum prices.
Facts about SAARC Summits
Name City Date Former member countries of OPEC
First SAARC Dhaka 1985 Country Region Membership Years
Summit Ecuador South America 1973–1992, 2007–2020
Second SAARC Bangalore 1986 Indonesia Southeast Asia 1962–2008, Jan–Nov 2016
Summit Qatar Middle East 1961–2019
Third SAARC Kathmandu, 1987
Summit Member states of OPEC (Organization of the
Fourth Summit Islamabad 1988 Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Fifth Summit Male 1990
Algeria Angola Congo
Sixth Summit Colombo 1991 Equatorial Guinea Gabon Iran
Seventh Summit Dhaka 1993
Iraq Kuwait Libya
Eight Summit Male 1997 United Arab
Ninght Summit Islamabad 2016 (cancelled) Nigeria Saudi Arabia
Emirates
Venezuela
Facts about Economic Cooperation Former member countries of OPEC
Organization Country Region Membership Years
● In 1985, the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) Ecuador South America 1973–1992, 2007–2020
was established by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey to promote Indonesia Southeast Asia 1962–2008, Jan–Nov 2016
economic, technical, and cultural cooperation among the Qatar Middle East 1961–2019
member states
● ECO is the successor organization of Regional
Cooperation for Development (RCD) which remained in SEATO
existence since 1964 up to 1979. In 1992, the Organization was In 1954, the United States, France, Great Britain, New Zealand,
expanded to include seven new members, namely: Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan formed the
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, or SEATO. It was signed in
 27 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Manila. The purpose of the organization was to prevent OIC

communism from gaining ground in the region. Headquartered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
BRICS Organization of Islamic Cooperation
BRICS, which stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China and Member states: 57
South Africa, is an economic, political and regional It’s an organization which represents Muslims from across the
cooperation organization, with some of the leading globe and voices their economic, political and social concerns
economies of the world. Established in 2009, BRICS has on an international level. It is the largest inter-governmental
body – second only to the United Nations.
contributed to the economic infrastructure of the world
with significant growth and industrialization. This IDA World Bank
organization is most appreciated for giving birth to a International Development Association financial institution that
‘South-South’ cooperation. provides grants and loans to the poorest countries of the world
that are in the developing stage.
Facts about G20 Summit
● The G20, short for "Group of 20", is made up of 19 Iran Action Task Group (IAG)
countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, It was formed by the United States Secretary of State, Mike
France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Pompeo in order to coordinate and run State policy towards
Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, Iran. It was created on August 16, 2018. The formation of this
the United Kingdom and the United States, plus the group was prompted after the US pulled out of the Joint
European Union. Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) which was the nuclear
● Together, members account for roughly 85% of the world accord made with Iran on July 14, 2015.
economy; that's around three-quarters of global trade
and two-thirds of the world’s population. Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
● The G20 started in 1999, following the Asian financial FATF is an intergovernmental organization which was founded
crisis, as a forum for finance ministers and central bank in 1989 by the G7 nations with the goal to combat money
governors from the major developed and emerging laundering and terrorism financing. It is headquartered in Paris,
economies to discuss global financial issues. France.
● Amid the global financial crisis in 2008, it grew into the
leaders’ summit, a place where presidents and prime WIPO Facts (World Intellectual Property
ministers could get together for two days to try to solve Organization)
the world’s economic problems. ● WIPO is one of the specialized agencies of United Nations
● WIPO was established to promote and protect intellectual
ASEAN* property across the globe through cooperation with
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is an organization countries and international organizations
that is built on the ground of promoting intergovernmental ● WIPO initiated its operations on 26th April, 1970.
cooperation, such as economic, political, security, military, ● WIPO administers 26 international treaties regarding
educational and sociocultural integration. It has a total of 10 intellectual property issues.
members.
List of East Asia Summits List of Secretaries-General of Arab
Date Host Country League
14 December 2005 Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Name Nationality Term
15 January 2007 Philippines, Mandaue Abdul Razek Azzam Egypt 1945 -1952
21 November 2007 Singapore Abdul Khlek Hassouna Egypt 1952 - 1972
25 October 2009 Thailand Mahmoud Riyadh Egypt 1972 - 1979
30 October 2010 Vietnam, Hanoi Chedi Klibi Tunisia 1979 - 1990
18–19 November 2011 Indonesia, Bali Dr. Ahmad Esmat Abd al Egypt 1991 - 2001
9–10 October 2013 Brunei Meguid
12–13 November 2014 Mayanmar Amr Moussa Egypt 2001 - 2011
21–22 November 2015 Malaysia Nabil el-Araby Egypt 2011 – 2016
6–8 September 2016 Laos Ahmed Aboul Gheit Egypt 2016 - Present
13–14 November 2017 Philippines
14–15 November 2018 Singapore
4 November 2019 Thailand ,Bangkok International Organizations for Gender
14 November 2020
November 2021
Vietnam
Brunei
Equality
Name Year of
CENTO Establishment
The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), originally known as United Nations Entity for Gender Equality 2010
the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East Treaty Organization and the Empowerment of Women (UN
(METO), was a military alliance of the Cold War. It was formed Women)
in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey and the United Kingdom Association for Women’s Rights in 1982
and dissolved in 1979. Development (AWID)
 28 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Womankind Worldwide 1989 international criminal matters. The organization was

Center for Reproductive Rights 1992 reconstituted in 1956 as INTERPOL.
Plan International 1937
Women for Women International 1993 Focus of INTERPOL
Equality Now 1992 The INTERPOL focuses on fighting global crime across
Women’s Environment and Development 1990 three main areas:
Organization 1. Terrorism
Men Engage Alliance 2004 2. Cybercrime
Global Fund for Women 1987 3. Organized Crime
Rise Up 2009
MATCH International Women’s Fund 1976 Functioning of INTERPOL
Gender at Work 2001 The General Secretariat of the INTERPOL is the
European Women’s Lobby 1990 coordinating body for all policing and administrative
European Institute for Gender Equality 2006 activities of INTERPOL.
PROMUNDO 1997 Each member country has a National Central Bureau, and
Gender Equality Resource Center 2013 there are seven regional bureaus worldwide to facilitate
Amnesty International 1961 the operations of the organization. These are in,
International Alliance of Women 1904 1. Argentina (Buenos Aires)
Human Right’s Watch 1978 2. Cameroon (Yaoundé)
Abaad Center for Gender Equality (Abaad 2011 3. Côte d’Ivoire (Abidjan)
MENA)
4. El Salvador (San Salvador)
5. Kenya (Nairobi)
Bread for the World Institute 6. Thailand liaison office (Bangkok)
*Bread for the World is a non-partisan, Christian advocacy 7. Zimbabwe (Harare)
organization based in the United States that advocates for Nineteen police databases are managed by the
policy changes to end hunger. Bread for the World provides INTERPOL, which have information on crimes and
resources to help individuals advocate to end hunger, which criminals regarding their names, fingerprints, documents
might include writing personal letters and emails to members such as passports etc. This information is accessible to
of Congress, meeting with their members of Congress, and member countries to facilitate investigations.
working in coalition with others.
INTERPOL officials help member countries in a number
International Criminal Police of activities ranging from field operations and
Organization (INTERPOL) investigative support to training and networking.
Research into international crime and related
General Information developments are also focused on within the
Formed: September 1923 organization.
General Secretary: Jüugen Stock
President: Kim Jong Yang Secretaries-General of Commonwealth
Headquarters: Lyon, France of Nations - changeable
Member Countries: 194 Name Country Tenure
Official Languages: Arabic, English, French and Arnold Smith Canada 1965-1975
Spanish. Sir Shridath Guyana 1975-1990
Total Global Staff: 1000+ (police & civilian) Chief Emeka Anyaoku Nigeria 1990-2000
Introduction Don McKinnon New Zealand 2000-2008
Formed in 1956, the INTERPOL is an international police Kamalesh Sharma India 2008-2016
Patricia Scotland Britain 2016-present
organization which ensures maximum cooperation
between police authorities from its 194 member Origin of the Commonwealth
countries across the world. The organization does not The commonwealth was created in 1926 through the Balfour
have a formal police force and instead focuses on Declaration of the Imperial Conference where it was recognized
information sharing. Wherever INTERPOL operates, it that these dominions (semi-independent countries) will be
remains politically neutral and acts within the legal given equal status – it was an association of 8 sovereign
confines of the member countries. independent states which later grew to include more states.
First members included:
Background ●
●
United Kingdom,
Canada,
INTERPOL is a successor to the International Criminal ● Australia,
Police Commission (ICPC) which was established in 1923. ● New Zealand,
It acts as a coordinating center for information on ● South Africa,
● Irish Free State,
 29 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

● India 5. Brazil
● and Newfoundland. 6. Canada
7. China``
Organizations in Pakistan 8.
9.
Denmark
European Commission
CHASNUPP Chashma Nuclear Power Plant 10. Finland
APSMA All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers 11. France
Association 12. Germany
FBS Federal Bureau of Statistics 13. Greece
NEPRA National Electric Power Regulation 14. Gulf Cooperation Council
Authority 15. Hong Kong, China
SITE Sindh Industrial Trading Estate 16. Iceland
PPHI Sindh People’s Primary Healthcare Initiative 17. India
Presidents of Financial Action Task 18.
19.
Ireland
Israel
Force (FATF) 20. Italy
1989-1991 Mr. Denis Samuel Lajeunesse, France (First 21. Japan
President) 22. South Korea
2012 – 2013 Mr. Bjørn Skogstad Aamo, Norway 23. Luxembourg
2013 – 2014 Mr. Vladimir Nechaev, The Russian Federation 24. Malaysia
2014 – 2015 Mr. Roger Wilkins AO, Australia 25. Mexico
2015 – 2016 Mr. Je-Yoon Shin, Korea 26. Netherlands
2016 – 2017 Juan Manuel Vega-Serrano, Spain 27. New Zealand
2017 – 2018 Santiago Otamendi, Argentina 28. Norway
2018 – 2019 Marshall Billingslea, United States 29. Portugal
30. Russian Federation
2019 – 2020 Xianming Liu, China
31. Saudi Arabia
2020 – 2021 Dr Marcus Pleyer, Germany
32. Singapore
2022 Raja Kumar, Singapore 33. South Africa
34. Spain
FATF Member Nations 35. Sweden
1. Argentina 36. Switzerland
2. Australia 37. Turkey
3. Austria 38. United Kingdom
4. Belgium 39. United States

International Organizations (Headquarters & President/General Secretary)

International Organizations Headquarters President/ General Purpose
Secretary
Asian Infrastructure Investment Beijing, China JinLiqun To support infrastructure development in Asia-
Bank (AIIB) Pacific region.
New Development Bank (BRICS Shanghai, China Marcas Pardo To help member states, provide financial
Development Bank) TroyJo assistance, and support various projects.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) Manila, Philippines Masatagu Asakawa To promote social and economic development in
Asia
Arab Monetary Fund Abu Dhabi, UAE Dr. Abdulrahman A. A regional organization to balance payments and
Al. Hamidy boost regional trade/
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington DC, US Kristalina ● To provide short-term capital to troubled
Georgieva states.
● Helping national governments in managing
their exchange rates.
● Oversee fix Exchange rate arrangement
between countries.
World Bank Washington DC, US David Maplass Provide low interest loans and grants.
United Nations Organization (UN) New York, US General Secretary: Maintaining world peace and security.
Antonio Guterres
United Nations Children’s Fund New York, US Tore Heattrem Child protection over the globe.
(UNICEF)
United Nations Populations Fund New York, US Dr. Natalia Kanem To ensure every childbirth is safe, every pregnancy
(UNFPA) is wanted and every young child reaches
potential.
United Nations Conference on Trade Geneva, Switzerland Isabelle Dirant Dealing with trade and investment issues.
 30 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

& Development (UNCTAD)

World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, Switzerland Dr. Tedros Dealing with health problems worldwide.
Adhanom Protecting against diseases.
World Economic Forum Colongy, Switzerland Klaus Schwab To discuss global issues
International LabourOrganisation Geneva, Switzerland Guy Ryder Monitoring and protecting Labour rights.
(ILO)
World Trade Organisation Geneva, Switzerland Roberto Ngozi Enhancement and regulation of world trade
Okonjo
World Meteorological Organisation Geneva, Switzerland Petteri Toalas It is involved in international coordination and
cooperation on state and earth behavior and its
interaction with land and oceans
World Intellectual Property Geneva, Switzerland Daren Tang Aim to protect and protect intellectual property
Organization rights around the globe.
International Committee of the Red Geneva, Switzerland Peter Maurer Provide humanitarian assistance to the people of
Cross war affected nations.
United Nations Education Scientific Paris, France Audrey Azoulay To promote peace and stability around the globe
& Cultural Organization (UNESCO) through education and cultural harmony.
Organization for Economic Paris, France Jose Angel Gurria Promote world trade
Cooperation & Development (OECD)
United Nations Industrial Vienna, Austria Li Yong It aims to advance industrialization in developing
Development Organisation (UNIDO) your efforts by acting as a liaison between these
countries and other UN organizations devoted to
this purpose.
International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, Austria Rafael Mariane To help and motivate in research, development
Grossi and practical application of atomic energy for
peaceful uses
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Vienna, Austria Mohammad Regulate oil trade and price.
Countries (OPEC) Bakrindo
Amnesty International London, UK Agnes Callamard Human rights watchdog.
International Maritime Organisation London, UK Kitack Lim To regulate safety of shipping, involved in
international trade.
Commonwealth of Nations London, UK Head: Queen
Elizabeth II To the intuition of World Peace Promotion of
Patricia Scotland representative democracy and individual liberty
(Secretary General)
South Asian Association for Regional Kathmandu, Nepal Amjad Hussain B To promote economic, social and cultural growth
Cooperation (SAARC) Sial among member states.
Association of SouthEast Nations Jakarta, Indonesia Lim Jock Hoi To enhance economic growth, social progress and
(ASEAN) cultural development in the region through joint
efforts.
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Singapore Chair-person: To promote economic growth and prosperity for
(APEC) Jacinda Ardern the region.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Brussels, Belgium Jens Stoltenberg Initial purpose was to protect states from
(NATO) (Secretary-General) communist countries.
International Cricket Council (ICC) Dubai, UAE Greg Barclay To regulate International Cricket.
Food & Agricultural Organisation Rome, Italy Qu Dongyu It aims to fight hunger, poverty and starvation in
(FAO) the world.
International Court of Justice The Hague, Chile Eboe-Osuji It has 2 main functions :
Netherlands to settle legal disputes in accordance with
international law.
To give advice on matters brought to it.
International Olympic Committee Lausanne, Thomas Bach Promote olympics throughout the world and
Switzerland make the world a better place through sports.
The Fédération Internationale de Zurich, Switzerland Gianni Infantino Responsible for managing and organizing
Football Association (FIFA) international tournaments.
The Organization for the Prohibition The Hague, The Fernando Arias To make earth free from chemical weapons.
of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Netherlands
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Avenue du Mont- Pavan Sukhdev Wildlife protection
Blanc, Gland, Vaud,
Switzerland
Shanghai Cooperation Organization Beijing, China Vladimir Norov Promote trade, political relations, economy,
(SCO) science and technology among member states.
 31 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

UNESCO List of Heads of International Monetary

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
was created in 1954 with a focus on preserving and protecting Fund (IMF)
the heritage of different historically and culturally significant Name Country Tenure
sites in the world. This was also done to achieve international Kristalina Georgieva Bulgaria 2019- present
cooperation and develop an understanding among people of Christine Lagarde France 2011-2019
others’ cultures. Dominique Strauss-Kahn France 2007-2011
Fashion capitals of the world Rodrigo de Rato Spain 2004-2007
● Milan, Italy Horst Kohler Germany 2000-2004
● Paris, France Michael Camdessus France 1987-2000
● New York, USA Jacques de Larosiere France 1978-1987
● London, England
Deepest Lake of the World Lake Baikal, Siberia
Mottos of International
Non EU European Countries Organizations
 Bulgaria
 Romania Organisation Motto
 Croatia World Bank Working for a World Free of
 Cyprus Poverty
 Ireland Amnesty International It is better to light a candle than
to curse the darkness
 United Kingdom North Atlantic Treaty Animus in consulendo liber - A
Organisation (NATO) Mind Unfettered in Deliberation
Members of the European Union Association of South East One vision, One Identity, One
● Austria Nations (ASEAN) community
● Italy International Chamber of The World Business Organization
● Belgium Commerce
● Latvia Internet Corporation for One world, One Internet
● Bulgaria Assigned Names and
● Lithuania Numbers (ICANN)
● Croatia World Economic Forum Committed to improving the
● Luxembourg state of the world
● Cyprus International Union of Advancing Chemistry Worldwide
● Malta Pure and Applied
● Czechia Chemistry (IUPAC)
● Netherlands Worldwide Fund for Building a future in which people
● Denmark Nature and nature thrive
● Poland African Union A United and Strong Africa
● Estonia International Olympic Faster, Higher, Stronger (Citius,
● Portugal Committee Altius, Fortius)
● Finland Federation Internationale For the Game, For the World.
● Romania de Football Association
● France (FIFA)
● Slovakia World Chess Federation Gens una sumus; "We are one
● Germany (FIDE) people"
● Slovenia International Hockey FairPlay Friendship Forever
● Greece Federation (FIH)
● Spain International Cricket Great Sport, Great Spirit
● Hungary Council (ICC)
● Sweden International Basketball We are basketball
● Ireland Federation (FIBA)
International Committee Inter Arma Caritas (In War,
Facts about European Union of the Red Cross (ICRC) Charity)
● European Union suspended military assistance to Turkey First woman in space Valentina Tereshkova
in 2019 due to Turkey’s offenses in the Syrian Civil War. She went to space on June 16, 1963. A Russian astronaut she
● The United Kingdom ceased to be a member of the was, and she spent more time in space than all the astronauts
European Union after the UK took a vote in 2016 to leave of US combined i.e., 48 orbits and 71 hours.
the EU. This event is known as ‘Brexit’.
● After Brexit, David Cameron stepped down from his post
as Prime Minister.
● He was replaced by Theresa May as the Prime Minister of
the United Kingdom.
 32 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

List of Space Organizations / Companies / Famous Mobile Phone Companies in

Agencies the world
Name Headquarters Year of Brand Country Founding Year
Establish- Samsung South Korea 1938
ment Apple USA 1976
NASA Washington, D. C. 1958 Huawei China 1987
United States Xiaomi China 2010
United Nations Office for Vienna, Austria 1958 Oppo China 2004
Outer Space Affairs LG South Korea 1947
United Nations Committee Vienna, Austria 1959 Motorola US 1928
on the Peaceful Uses of
Mobicel South Africa 2007
Outer Space
Lenovo China 1984
Indian Space Research Bengaluru, India 1969
Nokia Finland 1865
Organization
Roscosmos Moscow, Russia 1992
JAXA (Japan Aerospace Tokyo, Japan 2003 Famous IT companies and their
Exploration Agency) Founders
Canadian Space Agency Longueuil, Quebec 1989
German Aerospace Center Cologne, Germany 1959 Company Founder(s)
China National Space Beijing, China 1993 Facebook Mark Zuckerberg
Administration Twitter Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, Evan
Italian Space Agency Rome, Italy 1988 Williams
UK Space Agency Swindon, United 2010 Apple Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Ronald Wayne
Kingdom Instagram Facebook, Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger
Brazilian Space Agency Brasilia, Distrito 1994 WhatsApp Jan Koum, Brian Acton
Federal
Microsoft Bill Gates, Paul Allen
The Planetary Society California, United 1980
Alibaba Jack Ma
States
Israel Space Agency Tel Aviv, Israel 1983 Amazon Jeff Bezos
SUPARCO Karachi, Pakistan 1961 Flipkart Binny Bansal, Sachin Bansal
Quora Adam D'Angelo, Charlie Cheever
Oracle Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates
Discoveries by NASA’s Wikipedia Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger
i. Hubble telescope (used to discover everything else) The first google home delivery drone service was launched in
ii. Hidden cradles of newborn stars Australia in 2019, after years of test flights.
iii. Growing galactic metropolis
iv. Largest known ring around Saturn
v. Buckyballs in space
vi. Blackholes Important Newspapers of the
vii. Most distant planet World
viii. Map of Milky Way
ix. Seven Earth-size planets around single star
Name of Newspaper Country City
The Orbital Velocities of the Planets The News Pakistan Karachi/Lahore
Planet Radius of Length of Orbital
Orbit Year Relative Velocity Jang Pakistan Karachi/Lahore
Relative to to Earth's Relative to Express Pakistan Karachi/Lahore
that of Year That of Dawn Pakistan Karachi/Lahore
Earth's Earth's Nawa-e-Waqt Pakistan Karachi/Lahore
Mercury 0.387 0.2409 1.607 Khabrain Pakistan Karachi/Lahore
Venus 0.723 0.616 1.174
Pakistan Today Pakistan Lahore
Earth 1.0 1.0 1.000
Mars 1.524 1.9 0.802 Ausaf Pakistan Islamabad
Jupiter 5.203 12.0 0.434 Mashriq Pakistan Peshawar
Saturn 9.539 29.5 0.323 The Express U.K. London
Uranus 19.18 84 0.228 The Mirror U.K. London
Neptune 30.06 165 0.182 The Mail U.K. London
Pluto 39.52 248 0.159
Manchester Guardian U.K. London

The Sunday Times U.K. London

 33 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

The Economist U.K. London

Bangladesh Observer Bangladesh Dhaka
Daily Express U.K. London
Sunday Telegraph U.K. London Bangladesh Times Bangladesh Dhaka

Morning Star U.K. London The Peoples Bangladesh Dhaka

Spectator U.K. London Al Hayat Lebanon Beirut
Al Anwar Lebanon Beirut
News Statesman U.K. London
Al Nahar Lebanon Beirut
The Times U.K. London Al Howadess Lebanon Beirut
Daily Telegraph U.K. London Al Dastour Lebanon Beirut
The Sun U.K. London Al Massa Lebanon Beirut
Observer U.K. London Bangkok Post Thailand Bangkok
Le Monde France Paris Kenyan Nation Kenya Nairobi
Le Figaro France Paris
Frankfurt Allegiance W. Germany Frankfurt
New York Times USA New York
China Times Taiwan Taipeh
Baltimore Sun USA Baltimore Rudo Pravo Czechoslovakia Prague
Washington Post USA Washington Neues Deutschland E. Germany Dresden
International Herald
USA Washington Berliner Zeitung E. Germany Dresden
Tribune
Washington Evening Le Europe Italy Rome
USA Washington
Star L. Unita Italy Rome
Christian Science USA Washington Al Sha'ab Algeria Rome
Al Thawara Syria Rome
(Russian
Izvestia Moscow Akbar-at-Kuwait Kuwait Kuwait
Federation)
(Russian
Pravada Moscow
Federation)
Red Flag China Beijing
People's Daily China Beijing News Agencies of the World
Al Ahram Egypt Cairo
Akhbar EL Yom Egypt Cairo Press Name Full Name Location
AI Gomhouria Egypt Cairo AAP Australian Associated Sydney
Press
Yediot Aharonot Israel Tel Aviv
AASA Agence Arabe Syrienne Damascus
Nhan Dan Vietnam Hanoi d’Information
Asahi Shimbun Japan Tokyo AE Agency Europe Brussels
The Yomiuri Japan Tokyo AFP Agence France-Presse Paris
Suara Karya Indonesia Jakarta AIO Agencia Informativa Santiago Chile
Orbe De Chile
Straits Times Singapore Singapore
AIP Agence Ivoirienne de Abidjan
Eastern Sun Singapore Singapore Presse
The Malay Mali Malaysia Kuala Lumpur ALD Agencia Los Diarios Buenos Aires
Rising Nepal Nepal Kathmandu ALI Agencia Lusa de Lisbon
Toronto Star Canada Toronto Informacao
Montreal Star Canada Montreal AM Agencia Meridional Rio de Janeiro
ANA Athenagence Athens
Australian Australia Canberra
ANP Algemeen Nederlands The Hague
Sydney Morning News Australia Sydney Persbureau
ANSA Agenzia Nazionale Rome
Ceylon Daily News Sri Lanka Colombo Stampa Associate
ANTARA Indonesian National Jakarta
Statesman Sri Lanka Colombo News Agency
Sangbad Bangladesh Dhaka AN Agencia Nacional Brasilia
Janakantha Bangladesh Dhaka APA Austria Presse-Agentur Vienna
APP Agence Parisienne de Paris
Morning News Bangladesh Dhaka
Presse
Banglar Bani Bangladesh Dhaka APP Associated Press of Islamabad
 34 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Pakistan NAN News Agency of Nigeria Lagos

APS Agence de Presse Dakar NA Noticias Argentinas Buenos Aires
Sénégalaise NOTIMEX Noticias Mexicanas Mexico City
APS Algeria Presse Service Algiers NOVOSTI Agentstvo Pechati Moscow
AP Associated Press New York Novosti
ATA Albanian Telegraphic Tirana NPS Norsk Presse Service Oslo
Agency NTB Norsk Telegrambyra Oslo
AUP Australian United Press Melbourne NZPA News Zealand Press Wellington
BELGA Agency Belga Brussels Agency
BERNAMA Malaysia National News Kuala Lumpur OPA Orbis Press Agency Prague
Agency OTT-FNB Oy Suomen Helsinki
BOPA Botswana Press Agency Gaborone Tietotoimisto Notisbyrån
BTA Bulgarska Sofia AB
Telegrafitscheka PANA Pan-African News Dakar
Agentzia Agency
CANA Caribbean News Agency Bridgetown PAP Polska Agencija Warsaw
CIP Centre d’Information de Brussels Praswowa
Presse PA Press Association London
CAN Central News Agency Taipei PETRA Jordan News Agency Amman
CAN Cyprus News Agency Nicosia PNA Philippines News Agency Manila
CNS China News Service Beijing PPI Pakistan Press Karachi
COLPRENSA Colprensa Bogata International
CP Canadian Press Toronto PRELA Prensa Latina Havana
CTK Ceskoslovenska Tiskova Prague PS Press Services Paris
Kancelar PTI Press Trust of India Mombay
DPA Deutsche Presse-Agentur Hamburg PJWC Pakistan Journalist Lahore
EFE Agencia EFE Madrid Welfare Council
ENA Eastern News Agency Dhaka RB Ritzaus Bureau Copenhagen
EXTEL Exchange and Telegraphy London REUTERS Reuters London
Company ROMPRESS Romanian News Agency Bucharest
FIDES Agenzia Internationale Vatican City SAPA South Africa Press Johannesburg
Fides Association
GNA Agence Guineenne de Conakry SDA Schweizerische Berne
Presse Depeschenagentur
GNA Ghana News Agency Accra SIP Svensk-Internationella Stockholm
GNA Guyana News Agency George-town Pressbyrån
HHA Hürriyet Haber Ajansı Istanbul SN Sky News United Kingdom
IC Inforpress Guatemala SLENA Sierra Leone News Freetown
Centroamericana Agency
INA Iraqi News Agency Baghdad SOFIA PRES Sofia Press Agency Sofia
IPS Inter Press Service Rome SOPAC NEWS South Pacific News Wellington
IRNA Islamic Republic News Teheran Service
Agency SPA Saudi Press Agency Riyadh
JAMPRESS Jampress Kingston TANJUG Novinska Agencija Tanjug Belgrade
JANA Jamahiriya News Agency Tripoli TAP Tunis Afrique Presse Tunis
JIJI Jiji Tsushin-Shah Tokyo TASS Telegraf Note Agentstvo Moscow
JTA Jewish Telegraphic Jerusalem Sovietskovo Soyuza
Agency TT Tidningarnas Stockholm
KCNA Korean Central News Pyongyang Telegrambyrå
Agency UNI United News of India New Delhi
KNA Kenya News Agency Nairobi UPI United Press New York
KPL Khao San Pathet Lao Vientiane International
KUNA Kuwait News Agency Kuwait City UPP United Press of Pakistan Karachi
KYODO Kyodo Tsushin Tokyo XINHIJA Xinhua Beijing
LAI Logos Agencia de Madrid YONHAP Yonhap (United) Press Seoul
Information Agency
MENA Middle East News Cairo ZIANA Zimbabwe Inter-Africa Harare
Agency News Agency
MTI Magyar Tavirati Iroda Budapest
NAB News Agency of Yangon
Myanmar
DAEWOO Daewoo Press Seoul
 35 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

List of International Courts Law of the Sea

Subject Permanent
Name Scope Years active Court of General
matter Global 1922–1946
African Court of Interpretation International disputes
Africa 2009–present Justice
Justice of AU treaties
Appellate Body Trade
of the World
Trade
Global 1995–present
disputes
within the
LIST OF WORLD RECORDS
Organization WTO
Caribbean General Money
Court of Justice
Caribbean 2005–present
disputes ● The highest valued currency unit - Kuwaiti dinar
Economic ● The lowest valued currency unit - Zimbabwean dollar
Court of the disputes and ● Highest rate of inflation - Zimbabwean dollar
Eurasian Former interpretation ● Lowest rate of inflation - Barbadian dollar (BBD),
Economic USSR
2015–present
of treaties ● Highest GDP per capita - Luxembourg,
Union within the ● Lowest GDP per capita - Malawi,
EAEU ● Highest rate of income tax - Denmark,
● Lowest rate of income tax - Andorra, Bahamas, Bermuda,
Interpretation
East African Bahrain, Brunei, Cayman Islands, Kuwait, Monaco, Oman,
Africa 2001–present of EAC
Court of Justice Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, UAE and Vanuatu,
treaties
● Highest general rate of sales tax/VAT - Norway, Sweden
Eastern
General and Denmark,
Caribbean Caribbean 1967–present
disputes
Supreme Court
Economic Court Economic Human Mental and Physical
of the
Commonwealth
Former
1994–present
disputes and
interpretation Achievements and Traits
USSR Anatomy
of Independent of treaties
States within the CIS • Tallest: Robert Pershing Wadlow , 2.72 m (8 ft 11.1 in)
European Court • Shortest: Gul Mohammed, 57 cm (1 ft 10 in)
of Human Europe 1959–present Human rights • Heaviest Man: Jon Brower Minnoch, 635 kg (1,400 lb)
Rights • Heaviest Woman: Carol Yager, 725 kg (1,600 lb)
European Court Interpretation • Longest fingernails man: Shridhar Chillal 6.18m (20 ft
Europe 1952–present 2.25in)
of Justice of EU law
European Free • Longest fingernails woman: Lee Redmond 7.513m (24 ft
Trade Interpretation 7.8 in)
Europe 1994–present
Association of EFTA law
Court Physiology
European Nuclear • Oldest (verified): Jeanne Louise Calment (France), 122
Nuclear Energy Europe 1960–present energy years 164 days
Tribunal disputes • Oldest (living): Yone Minagawa (Japan), 114 years 168
International General days (as of June 21, 2007)
Court of Justice
Global 1945–present
disputes • Oldest (living2): Tomoji Tanabe (Japan), 111 years old)
International Criminal
Criminal Court
Global 2002–present
prosecutions Athletics
• Longest fencing bout: Jonathan Tiomkin and Jedediah
International
Dupree, 5 h
Criminal Criminal
Rwanda 1994−2015 • Longest Table Tennis Rally: Sam Westwood and Jake
Tribunal for prosecutions
Ashurst and Callum Whitley, 9 h 11 min 14 s
Rwanda
• Longest Wrestling Bout: Martin Klein beat Alfred
International
Asikainen, 11 h 40 min
Criminal • Longest Cricket Marathon: Cheriton Fitzpaine Cricket Club,
Former Criminal
Tribunal for the 1993−2017
Yugoslavia prosecutions 27 h 34 min
former
• Highest jump: Javier Sotomayor, 2.45 m (8 ft ½ in)
Yugoslavia
• Most number of push ups on the back of hands in one
International hour is 1781 by Doug Pruden
Criminal
Military Europe 1945–1946 • Most number of push ups on one arm in 30 minutes is
prosecutions
Tribunal 1382 by Doug Pruden
International • Longest drop goal in rugby union - Sam Westwood (85
Residual metres) Shoalhaven Rugby Park
Criminal
Mechanism for Global 2012−present • The longest penalty goal in rugby union - Sam Westwood
prosecutions
Criminal (99metres) A.R Hurst 20/07/07
Tribunals
International Maritime
Global 1994–present
Tribunal for the disputes
 36 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Major Achievement in Gymnastics by different condoms from 73 different brands and from
various places around the world. His collection also
Countries includes various flavors, including raspberry and sushi.
Countries Gold Medals • Largest Collection of "Asparagus": Nicole O. California,
Russia 21 USA, has a collection of 13,000 pieces of rotten asparagus
Ukraine 20 in the box under her bed.
China 20 • Largest Collection of Converse Shoes: Joshua Mueller of
Bulgaria 18 Lakewood, Washington (USA) has a collection of 403
France 18 unique pairs of Converse Shoes which he has been
collecting since 1991. Converse All Stars make up the bulk
Spain 17
of the collection.
Belarus 16
United KIngdom 16
Germany 16 Media Radio
Japan 15 • First radio news program: 8MK in Detroit, Michigan, USA
(31 August 1920)
•
Strength First college radio station: 2ADD from Union College,
Schenectady, New York, USA (October 14, 1920)
• World's strongest men: Magnus Ver Magnusson and Jon • Longest-running radio show: Lørdagsbarnetimen (lit. The
Pall Sigmarsson - winners for four times of the World's Children's Hour on Saturday), running since 20 December
Strongest Man 1924 on NRK, later NRK P1.
• Youngest radio host Dakota Morton (born in Canada June
Miscellaneous Human Achievements 12, 1988) created the record and set it on January 16,
• Highest Parachute Jump: Joseph Kittinger, 102,800 feet 1999 at the age of 10 years 218 days.
(31,300 m) on August 16, 1960.
• Longest Freefall: Joseph Kittinger, 4½ minutes on August Television
16, 1960. • First Live Internet Talk show Tom Green Live hosted by
• Highest Freefall Velocity: Joseph Kittinger, 714 mph (988 Tom Green
km/h) on August 16, 1960. • First Regular Television Service: Deutsche Fernsehfunk
• Most T-shirts worn at once: Aaron John Waltke, 160 shirts (1935)
on December 9, 2006. • Longest Continuously Operating Television Channel: BBC
• The longest bone in the human body is the femur. One, started on the 2 November 1936
• The largest artery is the aorta and the largest vein is the • Largest Audience For A TV Series: Baywatch, 1.1 billion
inferior vena cava. viewers
• The largest internal organ is the liver. It is also the heaviest • Largest cash prize won on a TV game show: Brad Ruttexr
organ, with an average of 1.6 kilograms (3.5 pounds). at Jeopardy!, $3,255,102
• The longest ear hair belongs to Radhakant Bajpai of Naya • Most Emmys for A TV Series In A Season: The West Wing,
Ganj, Uttar Pradesh, India, measuring 13.2 centimetres Nine Emmys
(5.19 inches). • Most Expensive TV Mini Series: Band of Brothers, USD 125
million
Culture and Society Collections • Most Expensive TV Program: ER, USD 13.1 million per
• Largest Collection of Aeroplane Sick Bags: Niek Vermeulen show
of the Netherlands has 5,034 airline sickness bags from • Most Hours on Camera: Regis Philbin, 15,188 hours
1,000 different airlines that he has accumulated since the • Most International Broadcast Children's Educational
1970s. Program: Sesame Street, 180 countries
• Largest Collection of Bar Towels: Robert Begley of • Most Internationally Broadcast TV Soap: Dallas, 90
Chambersburg, United States, with 2,372 towels countries
representing 27 different countries; which he has been • Most TV Spin-Off Series: Super Sentai, 32 series
collecting since 1990
• Largest Collection of Traffic Cones: David Morgan (UK) has Longest Running Series
a collection of 137 different traffic cones. David owns a • Animated Series: Sazae-san (1969-Present; 1900+
cone from about two thirds of all types ever made. Episodes)
• Largest Collection of Keychains: Emilio Arenas Florin of • Mahabharat TV Series: Baldev Raj Chopra (1985-Present)
Colonia, Uruguay, with 25,630 non-duplicated key chains, • Chat Show: The Late Late Show (1962-Present), hosts Gay
collected since 1955. Byrne, Pat Kenny, Frank Hall
• Largest Collection of Model Cars: Sergio Goldvarg • Live comedy show: Saturday Night Live (1975-Present)
(Argentina) has a collection of over 7,000 cars which he • Game Show: Countdown (1982-Present)
has collected since 1962, all of which are on display in the • News Show: Meet The Press (NBC) (Started as a radio
Waffleworks restaurant, Hollywood, Florida, USA. program in 1945 and debuted on television two years
• Largest Collection of Penguins: Birgit Berends of Germany, later, 1947-Present)
with 2,520 different items, which she has been collecting • Science Fiction TV Programme: Doctor Who (1963-1989,
since 1990 1996, 2005-present; 43 years and 737 episodes & 1 TV
• Largest Collection of Condoms: Steven M. of San Juan Movie)
Capistrano, California, USA, has a collection of 17,921
 37 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

• Science Fiction TV Programme (consecutive): Stargate SG- Government.

1 (1997-2007; 10 seasons/214 episodes)
• TV Soap: Guiding Light (1952-Present) Important Books and their Authors
• Programme with the same host: The Sky at Night Author(s) Book(s)
presented by Patrick Moore; (1957-Present) A Aziz Discovery of Pakistan
Abdul Hamid Muslim Separatism in India and
Painting Pakistan
• Largest collection of fake masterpieces: 3,500, owned by Abdul Hassan Jinnah as I know him
Christophe Petyt Isphahani
• Youngest professional artist: 1-years old record held by Jinnah, Pakistan and Akbar S. Ahmad
Dante Lamb. Islamic Identity: the
• Largest Group of fully painted people: Sydney Body Art Search for Saladin
Ride Abdul Kalam Azad India wins Freedom
Abu Fazal Akbar nama
Language Adam Smith
Ahmed Hassan Dani
Wealth of Nation
Quaid-i-Azam & Pakistan
● Language with most number of speakers - Mandarin
Al Ghazali Hujatul Islam
Chinese (1.08 billion)
Alan Campbell Mission with Mountbatten
● Language isolate with most number of speakers - Korean
Johnson
(78 million)
Alastair Lamb Incomplete Partition
● Constructed language with most number of speakers -
Al-Farabi Ara Madinatul Fazila
Esperanto (between 100,000 and 2 million) (under debate,
Allama Iqbal Bal-e-Jibril
Klingon)
Allama Iqbal Asrar-e-khudi
● Most widespread spoken language - English (73 countries
Allama Iqbal Javed Nama
and territories.
Allama Iqbal Zabur-e-Ajam
● Largest language family in terms of number of languages -
Allama Iqbal Zarb-e-Kaleem
Niger-Congo languages, 1514 languages
Allama Iqbal Payam-e-Mashriq
● Longest Alphabet - Khmer script (74 letters)
Allama Iqbal The poem Shikwah and Jawab-e-
● Shortest Alphabet - Rotokas alphabet, (12 letters, A E I G K Shikwa
O P R S T U V)
Allama Iqbal Bang-e-dara
● Language with the most number of words - Difficult to
Altaf Hussain Hali Mussaddas-i-Hali
determine; thought to be English (over 990,000 words)
Altaf Hussain Hali Shaer o Shaeri
● Country with most number of languages - India, at least
Altaf Hussain Hali Hayat-e-Jawaid (is on the life of Sir
800 different languages and around 2000 dialects have Syed Ahmed Khan)
been identified
Altaf Hussain Hali Hayat-e-Javed
● Country with the most number of official languages - India
Altaf Hussain Hali Yadgar-i-Galib
with total 23 official languages, (Assamese, Bengali, Bodo,
Ambedkar Thought on Pakistan
Dogri, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani,
Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Amir Khusro Laila Majnoo
Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu & Urdu) Angan Khadija Mastoor
● Famous languages of Pakistan - Urdu, English, Punjabi, Aristotle The lyceum
Pushto, Balochi, Sindhi, Gilgati, Hindkoo, Kashmiri, Persian, Ayub Khan Friends not Masters
● Gojri, Brahvi, Arabic. Azad Muhammad Darbar-i-Akbari
Hussain

LITERATURE Bahir Ahmad Dar Religious Thought of Sayyid Ahmed

Khan
Benazir Bhuto Daughter of the East
Bertrand Russel Road to Freedom
Official Books Bertrand Russel Conquest of Happiness
White Papers Formerly issued by the British Parliament stating British parliament White Papers are policy statements
in brief the views of the government on a specific issue or published (on the subject of
giving an authoritative statement of facts. The whitepaper has tremendous public importance)
come to be known as a policy statement published by the C.M Doughty Travel in Arabian Desert
government on a subject of tremendous public importance. Carlyle Heroes and Hero-Worship
✓ Blue Books Official reports of the British Catherine Clement Edwina and Nehru
Government.
Ch Khaiquzzaman Pathway to Pakistan
✓ White Books Official publications of Portugal,
Ch Rahmat Ali Emergence of Pakistan
Germany and China.
✓ Yellow Books Official records of France. Charles Darwin Origin of species
✓ Grey Books Official policy statements and reports of Charles Dickens Great Expectations
the Belgian and Japanese Governments. Charles Dickens Oliver Twist
✓ Green Books Official report of the Italian and Persian Charles Dickens Pickwick papers
Governments. Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities
✓ Orange Books Official Publications of the Netherlands Charles Dickens Pickwick Papers
 38 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Charles Dickens Hard Times K K Aziz Party politics in Pakistan

Coleridge Ancient Mariner Kalidas Raghuvamsa
Coleridge Kubla Khan (Poem) Karen Armstrong History of God
Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe Karl Marx Das Capitol
Dan Brown The Da Vinci Code Karl Marx and Eagles Communist Manifesto
Dante Divine Comedy Katherine Mayo Mother India
Dostoevsky The idiot Khalid B Saeed Politics in Pakistan
Dr. Rajenra Parsad India Divided is a book Khurshid Mahmud Neither Hawk Nor Dove
Dr. Sachin Birth of Pakistan Kasuri
Dr. Tahir Amir Birth of a tragedy Kiran Bedi Freedom Behind Bars
Earnest Hemingway A farewell to Arms Larry Collins Freedom at Midnight
Earnest Hemingway The Sun also Rises Lawrence Ziring Pakistan the Formative Phase
Edward Fitzgeranld Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Lenin The state and revolution
Edward Gibbon Decline and Fall of Roman Empire Leo Tolstoy War and Peace
Ernest Hamingway Old man and the Sea Lewis Carrol Alice in Wonderland
F M Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment Lewis Carrol Time Machine
Faiz Ahmed Faiz Naqsh-e-Faryadi Liaquat Ali Khan Pakistan: the Heart of Asia
Firdausi Shahnama M H Saiyid Muhammad Ali Jinnah
G Allana Quaid-e-Azam: The Story of A Nation Machiavelli The Prince
G Allana Mohammad Ali Jinnah Mahatma Gandhi My Experiments with Truth
G B Shaw Caesar and Cleopatra Malik Hafeez Muslim Nationalism in India
G B Shaw Doctor’s Dilemma Mao On contradictions
G W Choudhry Constitutional Development of Margaret Mitchell Gone with the Wind
Pakistan Mathew Arnold Sohrab and Rustam
G W Shaw Joan of Arc Miguel De Cervates Don Quixote
George Orwell Animal Farm Michael Foucault Madness and Civilizations
George Orwell Nineteen Eighty Four Mohammad Ali The Emergence of Pakistan
George Bernard Shaw Arms and the Man Choudhry
Goethe Faust Montesquieu The spirit of laws
H H Dodwell The Cambridge History of the British Musarrt Hussain Voyage through History
Empire Zuberi
Hafeez Jalandri Shahnama-i-Islam Nazir Ahmed Mirat ul Uroos
Hector Bolitho Jinnah, Creator of Pakistan Nazir Yar Jung The Pakistan Issue
Henry Kissinger Profiles in Courage Nelson Mandela. Higher than Hopes
Henry Kissinger Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy Noa Ben Artizi In the name of Sorrow and Hope
Henry Miller Tropic of Cancer Official policy as well Grey Books
Hitler Mein KAMPF as reports of the
Homer Odyssey (Greek) Japanese government
I H Qureshi Struggle for Pakistan Official publication of Orange Books
I H Qureshi A short history of Pak the Netherlands
I H Qureshi History of Freedom Movement Official publications of White Books
Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta Travels in Asia and Africa the countries like
Ibn Khaldun Muqaddamah Portugal, China, and
Ibn Sina Kitab al Shifa Germany
Ibne Sina Al Qanoon fil Tib Official records of Yellow Books
Ilahi Bux My Last day with Quaid France
Imam Ghazali Ihya-ul-Uloom Official reports of the Blue Books
J S Mill On liberty British Government
Official reports of the Green Books
Jack London Call of the Wild-
Italian government
Jaswant Sing Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence
Oscar Wild A woman of no importance
Jagmohan. My Frozen Turbulence in Kashmir
Oscar Wilde An Ideal husband
Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice
P Calvocrassi World Politics Since 1945
Jane Austin Sense and Sensibility
Parveen Shakir Khusboo
Jodi Dean Comrade: An Essay On Political
Paul Kennedy Preparing for the Twenty First
Belongings
Century
John Gray Men are from Mars, Women are from
Paul Kennedy Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
Venus
Percival Smith India, Pakistan & the West
John Masefield Nine Days Wonder
John Milton Paradise Lost Philip Woodruff Man who ruled India
Plato Republic
John Steinbeck East of Aden
Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels Plato The Laws
Pope John Paul II. Crossing the Threshold of Hope
K K Aziz The Making of Pakistan
 39 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Muammar Gaddafi Green Book and Social Doctrine of Fascism

R E M Wheeler Five Thousand Years of Pakistan Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography of Benjamin
R.L Stevenson Treasure Island Franklin
Rabindranath Tagore Gitanjali Bertrand Russell The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell
Richard Symonds The Making of Pakistan Charles Darwin The Recollections of the Development
Rousseau Social Contract of My Mind and Character
Rousseau Confession Charles Dickens Autobiographical Fragment
Rudyard Kipling Jungle book Charlie Chaplin My Autobiography
Ruskin Unto This Last Dalai Lama Freedom in Exile
Samuel Johnson Vanity of Human Wishes Hillary Rodham Living History
Sharifuddin Pirzada Evolution of Pakistan Clinton
Sheikh Saadi Bostan Jawaharlal Nehru Towards Freedom
Sheikh Saadi Gulistan Jean-Paul Sartre The Words
Siddique Saliq Witness to surrender Leo Tolstoy My Confession
Richard Burton Arabian Nights Margaret Thatcher Margaret Thatcher: The Autobiography
Sikandar Hayat Khan Outline of a scheme of Indian Marilyn Monroe My Story
Federation Mahatma Gandhi The Story of My Experiments with
Syed Ahmed Khan Tehzeeb al Ikhlaq Truth
Sri Aurobindo Life Divine Michael Jackson Moonwalk
Stanley Wolpert Jinnah of Pakistan Muhammad Ali The Greatest: My Own Story
Stanley Wolpert Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan Nelson Mandela A Long Walk to Freedom
Stanley Woolpert Jinnah of Pakistan Ayyub Khan Friends Not Masters
Syed Abdul ala Tafhim ul Quran Oscar Wilde De Profundis
Maudoodi Benazir Bhutto Daughter of Destiny
Syed Ameer Ali The spirit of Islam Ronald Reagan The Reagan Diaries
Syed Hasan Raza Pakistan Naguzeer Tha Sigmund Freud An Autobiographical Study
Thomas Mooore Utopia Thomas Jefferson Autobiography 1743-1790
Tomas Carlyle French Revolution Usain Bolt Faster than Lightning: My
Toni Morrison Beloved (novel) Autobiography
V D Savarkar Indian War of Independence Qudrat Ullah Shahab Shahabnama
V P Menon Transfer of Power in India Winston Churchill Memoirs of the Second World War
Vincent Smith Oxford History of India Winston Churchill My Early Life: 1874-1904
W Churchill The World Crisis ● Another famous book by Jean-Paul Sartre is Being and
Will Durrant The Lessons of History Nothingness.
W Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet
W Shakespeare Merchant of Venice Books by Famous Politicians
W Shakespeare Anthony Cleopatra The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Barack Obama
W Shakespeare As you like it Reclaiming the American Dream
W Shakespeare Comedy of Errors Dreams From My Father Barack Obama
W Shakespeare Twelfth Night A Promised Land Barack Obama
W Shakespeare Much Ado About Nothing Without Fear or Favour Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
W Shakespeare Hamlet Midnight Diaries Boris Yelstin
W W Hunter The Indian Musalimans Prison Diary Jayaprakash Narayan
Whaeed-uz-Zaman Towards Pakistan Indian Philosophy Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Wordsworth Revolution and Independence Hindu View of Life Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Zulifkar Ali Bhutto Myth of independence Matters of Discretion: An I K Gujral
Zulifkar Ali Bhutto Foreign Policy of Pakistan Autobiography
A View from the Outside P Chidambaram
Undaunted, Saving the Idea of P Chidambaram
List of Famous Autobiographies India
Author Name Book Name Back to Work Bill Clinton
A P J Abdul Kalam Wings of Fire Hard Choices Hillary Clinton
Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf Long Walk to Freedom Nelson Mandela
Aerosmith Walk This Way Beyond Survival: Emerging Shri Pranab Mukherjee
Albert Einstein Autobiographical Notes Dimensions of Indian Economy
Anne Frank The Diary of a Young Girl Saga of Struggle and Sacrifice Shri Pranab Mukherjee
Arnold Total Recall: My Unbelievably True Life Challenges before the Nation Shri Pranab Mukherjee
Schwarzenegger Story The Dramatic Decade: The Days of Shri Pranab Mukherjee
Bill Clinton My Life Indira Gandhi
Babur Baburnama Changing India Dr. Manmohan Singh
Barack Obama Dreams from My Father Exam Warriors Narendra Modi
Benito Mussolini My Autobiography: With the Political My Unforgettable Memories Mamata Banerjee
 40 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Citizen and Society Hamid Ansari organization for mystery writers,

Citizen Delhi: My Life, My Times Sheila Dikshit professionals allied to the crime writing
India Unmade Yashwant Sinha field, aspiring crime writers, and those who
Golden Threshold Sarojini Naidu are devoted to the genre.
The Broken Wing, Songs of Life, Sarojini Naidu
Death & the Spring Books about Afghan Tribal Revolts
The Birds of Time, Songs of Life, Sarojini Naidu Start End date Work Author(s)
Death & the Spring date
The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India Sarojini Naidu 1944 1945 Rebuilding Ali Jalali
The Feather of the Dawn Sarojini Naidu Afghanistan's
India Divided Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Army
India Wins Freedom Maulana Abul Kalam (Journal of the US
Azad Army War College)
Ghubar-e-khatir Maulana Abul Kalam 1944 1946 Afghanistan: David Isby
Azad Graveyard of
Empires: A New
Unhappy India Lala Lajpat Rai
History of the
Poverty and Un-British Rule in India Dadabhai Naoroji
Borderland
Geeta Rahashya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
The Arctic Home in the Vedas Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1945 1945 Conflict in ● Frank
Afghanistan: A Clements
The Indian War of Independence of V.D. Savarkar Historical Ludwig Adamec
1857 Encyclopedia
The Insider PV Narasimha Rao 1945 Winter Before Taliban: David B. Edwards
My Country My Life LK Advani 1946 Genealogies of the
Wings of Fire APJ Abdul Kalam (Duration: Afghan Jihad
Ignited Minds APJ Abdul Kalam 1 year)
You Are Unique APJ Abdul Kalam 1945 1946 Islam and Politics Asta Olesen
India 2020 APJ Abdul Kalam in Afghanistan
Indomitable Spirit APJ Abdul Kalam 1945 1946 Wanat : Combat Combat Studies
Turning Points - A Journey through APJ Abdul Kalam Action In Institute
Challenges Afghanistan, 2008
Target 3 Billion APJ Abdul Kalam and 1945 6 months The Rule of Law in Whit Mason
Srijan Pal Singh after start Afghanistan:
My Journey - Transforming Dreams APJ Abdul Kalam Missing in Inaction
into Actions 1946 1946 Revolutions & Unknown
Governance for Growth in India APJ Abdul Kalam Rebellions in
Jobs for Our Millions VV Giri Afghanistan
Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler ? Between British Documents Paul Preston
My Presidential Years R Venkataraman February on Foreign Affairs: Michael Partridge
My Own Boswell M Hidyatullah and May Reports and
My Experiments with Truth Mahatma Gandhi 1946 Papers from the
Hind Swaraj Mahatma Gandhi Foreign Office
Key to Health Mahatma Gandhi Confidential Print:
Discovery of India Jawaharlal Nehru Afghanistan,
Glimpses of World History Jawaharlal Nehru Persia, Turkey and
The Indian Struggle 1920-1942 Subhash Chandra Bose Iraq, 1952
My Truth Indira Gandhi
Renowned books by Stanley Wolpert
Booker Prize Awarded in October each year, the Booker Name of the book Year of publishing
Prize is the UK's top literary prize and the A New History of India 1977
most watched single-book award in the Nehru: A Tryst With Destiny 1996
English-speaking world. Until 2013 the Shameful Flight 2006
award was open only to citizens of the Gandhi’s Passion: The Life and Legacy of 2001
Commonwealth of nations (in essence, the Mahatma Gandhi
UK and former British colonies). As of 2014
India 1964
the award is open to authors worldwide so
long as their work is in English and India and Pakistan: Continued Conflict 2010
Or Cooperation?
published in the UK
The John The Newbery Medal is awarded in January Nine Hours to Rama 1962
Newbery Medal each year by the American Library Famous Books by Arthur Conan Doyle
Association for the most distinguished Name Publishing Year
American children's book published the
The Hound of the Baskerville 1902
previous year.
A Study in Scarlett 1887
Edgar Awards Mystery Writers of America is the premier
 41 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

The Sign of the Four 1890 Fatima Bhutto

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes 1892 ● Songs of Blood and Sword
The Lost World 1912 ● The Runaways
The Final Problem 1893 ● New Kings of the World: Dispatches from Bollywood, Dizi
The Valley of Fear 1915 and K-Pop
● The Shadow of the Crescent Moon
Famous books by R. L. Stevenson ● New Kings of the World: The Rise and Rise of Eastern Pop
Culture
Name Publishing Year ● Whispers of the Desert
Treasure Island 1883 ● 8:50 am October 8, 2005: Stories of Hope and Courage
Kidnapped 1886 from the Earthquake in Pakistan
The Black Arrow Annotated 1883 ● Democracy (Penguin Petit)
Catriona 1892
Weir of Hermiston 1896 Ishrat Hussain
The Wrecker 1892 ● Economic Management in Pakistan, 1999-2002
The Wrong Box 1889 ● International Organizations and Nigerian Agricultural
Famous books by Ian Fleming ●
Development
How Did The Asian Countries Avoid the Debt Crisis?
Name Publishing Year ● Dollars, Debt and Deficits
Casino Royale 1953 ● Perspectives on the Nigerian Economy
Dr. No 1958 ● Future Financing Needs of The Highly Indebted Countries
The Man with a Golden Gun 1965
Goldfinger 1959
Live and Let Die 1954 Famous Literary Festivals in Pakistan:
From Russia, With Love 1957 ● Hyderabad Literature Festival
Thrilling Cities 1963 ● Islamabad Literature
● Karachi Literature Festival
Books/Literature Authors ● Lahore Literary Festival
Living History Hillary Rodham Clinton ● Sindh Literature Festival
Facts about famous personalities from media
Asaar-e-Sanadeed Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Michael Jackson, who is famously known as the ‘King of Pop’
Thoughts on Pakistan B. R. Ambedkar
was an American singer and songwriter, who died in June 2009.
Khaak aur Khoon Naseem Hijazi
Mukhtasar Afsana Munshi Premchand
Risala Asbab-e-Baghawat-e- Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Hind
Asar-al-Sanadid ('The Remnant Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Nobel Prize
Signs of Ancient Heroes')
Mureedpur Ka Peer
Hayat-e-Javed
Patras Bukhari
Altaf Hussain Hali NOBEL PRIZE
The Nobel Prize is a set of 6 prestigious awards, awarded annually.
A Brief History of the Time Stephen Hawking
Swedish chemist, engineer and industrialist Alfred Nobel established
War and Peace Leo Tolstoy five Nobel Prizes in 1895 (Chemistry, Peace, Literature, Physiology, and
Undalus Me Ajnabi Mustansar Hussain Tarar Physics). These awards were first awarded in 1901. It was in 1968 when
Khaana Badosh Mustansar Hussain Tarar Sweden’s Central Bank established the Economic Nobel Prize in
Matlabi Dost Asar Nomani memory of Alfred Nobel. The award ceremony for 5 prizes is hosted
Aakhiri Faisla Asar Nomani annually in Stockholm, Sweden to award prizes while the Nobel Peace
Prize ceremony is held in Oslo, Norway.
Bevqoof Asar Nomani
Zinda Rood Justice Javed Iqbal
Qazi Jee Shaukar Thanvi PAKISTANI NOBEL LAUREATES:
● Abdus Salam was the first Pakistani to be awarded with a
Nobel Prize. He received a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975.
Books by Pakistani Authors: He was awarded jointly with Sheldon Lee Glashow for
Ayesha Jalal contribution to the Theory of Unified Weak and
● The Struggle for Pakistan Electromagnetic Interaction.
● The Pity of Partition: Manto’s Life, Times, and Work ● Malala Yousafzai received a Nobel Peace Prize in 2014
Across the India-Pakistan Divide jointly with Kailash Satyarthi (Indian) for struggle against
● Partisans of Allah: Jihad in South Asia suppression of children and advocating for the right to
● Self and Sovereignty education for all children.
● Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia
● Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia: A
Comparative and Historical Perspective
● State of martial rule
● The Sole Spokesperson
 42 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Countries with the most number of Ardem

and touch”
“for their discoveries of
Nobel laureates Patapoutian receptors for temperature
Country Number of Nobel Laureates and touch”
USA 375 Syukuro Physics “for the physical modelling of
United Kingdom 131 Manabe Earth’s climate, quantifying
Germany 108 variability and reliably
France 69 predicting global warming”
Sweden 32 Klaus “for the physical modelling of
Russia 31 Hasselmann Earth’s climate, quantifying
Japan 27 variability and reliably
Canada 26 predicting global warming”
Switzerland 26 Giorgio Parisi “for the discovery of the
Netherlands 21 interplay of disorder and
fluctuations in physical
systems from atomic to
Important Fact planetary scales”
● Rabinder Nath Tegore was the first person from the Sub-
Continent to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature (1913). Benjamin List Chemistry “for the development of
asymmetric organocatalysis”
Nobel Prizes and Laureates 2020 David W.C.
MacMillan
“for the development of
asymmetric organocatalysis”
Nobel Laureates Field Contribution
Harvey J. Alter, Medicine Discovered Hepatitis C Abdulrazak Literature “for his uncompromising and
Michael Houghton virus Gurnah compassionate penetration of
and Charles M. the effects of colonialism and
Rice the fate of the refugee in the
Roger Penrose Physics Discovered that black hole gulf between cultures and
formation is a robust continents”
prediction of the general
theory of relativity
Reinhard Genzel Discovered supermassive Maria Ressa Peace “for their efforts to safeguard
and Andrea Ghez compact object at the freedom of expression, which
centre of our galaxy is a precondition for
Emmanuelle Chemistry Discovered the method for democracy and lasting peace”
Charpentier and genome editing Dmitry “for their efforts to safeguard
Jennifer A. Andreyevich freedom of expression, which
Doudna Muratov is a precondition for
Louise Glück Literature For her unmistakable democracy and lasting peace”
poetic voice that with David Card Economic “for his empirical
austere beauty makes Sciences contributions to labour
individual existence economics”
universal Joshua D. “for their methodological
World Food Peace For its efforts to combat Angrist contributions to the analysis
Programme (WFP) hunger, for its contribution of causal relationships”
to bettering conditions for Guido W. “for their methodological
peace in conflict-affected Imbens contributions to the analysis
areas and for acting as a of causal relationships”
driving force in efforts to ● Frederic Parsy, also known as the Apostle of Peace) was
prevent the use of hunger the first Nobel Peace Prize Winner, who won the award in
as a weapon of war and 1901. He was from France.
conflict. ● Max Planck won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918 for the
It was established at the discovery of the Energy Quantum.
behest of Dwight

Paul R. Milgrom, Economic

Eisenhower.
For improvements to Notable Recipients of the Lenin Peace
Robert B. Wilson Sciences auction theory and Prize
inventions of new auction Name Country Year
formats. W. E. B. Du Bois United States 1959
Nobel Prizes and Laureates 2021 Nikita Khrushchev
Sukarno
Soviet Union
Indonesia
1959
1960
Nobel Field Contribution
Laureates Fidel Castro Cuba 1961
David Julius Physiology “for their discoveries of Faiz Ahmed Faiz Pakistan 1962
or Medicine receptors for temperature Pablo Picasso Spain 1962
 43 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Salvador Allende Chile 1973 Billet d'amour: A love-letter

Sean MacBride France 1977 Bete noire: Object of dislike
Angela Davis United States 1980 Beau ideal: Model; finest specimen
Mahmoud Darwish Palestine 1983 Bon voyage: A happy journey
Indira Gandhi India 1985 Bizarre: Electric, fantastic; grotesque
Abdul Sattar Edhi Pakistan 1988 Bon bon: Sweetmeat
Nelson Mandela United States 2001 Bourgeoisie: The middle class
Mikis Theodorakis Greece 1989 Boulevard: A Street shaded with trees
Beau monde: A false rumors or statement
Oscar Niemeyer Brazil 1963
Carte blanche: Full authority
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti Nigeria 1970
Bourgeois: A member of the middle class; a merchant;
concerned with material possessions and social status
Cadre: A list or rank of officers
List of International Awards Cortege: A train of attendants; followers
● Nobel Prize Cafe: a restaurant
● Booker Prize Chauffeur: Motor-car driver
● Academy Awards Coup d'etat: Sudden overthrow of an established government
● Pulitzer Prize Cliché: A hackneyed (much used) literary expression
● The Golden Globes Charge d'affaires: Ambassador to a small country
De facto: In fact though not in law
● The Grammys
De jure: In law though not in fact
De novo: Afresh; from the very beginning
Famous Fiction Awards Dei gratia: By the grace of God
Award Purpose De profundis: Cry from the depth of sorrow
BookBrowse Since 2000, BookBrowse has asked its Debacle: Sudden route; complete defeat
Awards members and subscribers to select the best Debut: First appearance on the stage or society
books published each year. Through a Divide at impera: A policy of divide and rule
rigorous voting process, this shortlist is Dramatis personae: Characters in a novel or drama
then honed down to find the BookBrowse Denouement: End
Awards Winners. En bloc or En masse: In a body; all together
Pulitzer Prize for Joseph Pulitzer, a renowned journalist, En route: On the way
Letters, Drama established this award in 1917. Since 1984 Émigré: An emigrant (one who goes and lives in another
and Music Pulitzer winners have received their prizes country
from the president of Columbia University Ex officio: In virtue of one's office
at a luncheon in May in the rotunda of the Ex parte: One-sided
Low Library in the presence of family El dorado: A country full of gold
members, professional associates, board Exempli gratia: (e.g.) for example
members, and the faculty of the School of Exit: Leaves the stage
Journalism. Exeunt: More than one go off the stage
Elite: Echoice; gentry
Esprit de corps: The spirit of belonging to the same group
Foreign Words & Phrases En tente: Understanding
Errata: A list of errors
Ab Initio: From the very beginning Façade: The front of a building
Ab extra: From the outside Fait accompli: Something already done or accomplished
Ad hoc: Arrangement for some special purpose Fiancé: one's betrothed (male)
Ad infinitum: Without limit Fiancée: One's betrothed (female)
Ad interim: In the meantime Faux pas: A mistake
Ad nauseam: To a disgusting extent Facsimile: An exact copy
Ad valorem: According to the value of Genre: Particular style or kind especially of works of art or
Agent provocateur: A spy who works secretly and creates literature
disturbance Gendarmes: armed police
Alma mater: The institution where one has been educated Honoris causa: For the sake of honour
Aide de camp (pronounced as 'Cong'): The personal attendant Hauteur: Haughtiness of manner
of a high military officer
Aide memoire: A reminder; a notebook in which things are
noted Famous Inventions of 20th Century
Alter ego: Fast friends Invention Inventor
Ante meridiem: (a.m.) Between midnight and noon Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg
Anno Domini: In the year of our Lord (A.D.) Lightning rod Benjamin Franklin
Annus mirabilis: A year of wonders Lightbulb Thomas Edison
Apologia: An apologetic writing Telephone Graham Bell
Aqua: Water Radio guidance system Hedy Lamarr
Bona fide: Good faith, honesty, sincerity World Wide Web Tim Berner-Lee
 44 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Cotton gin Elin Whitney  Telegram

Television Philo Farnsworth Is a cross platform, cloud based instant messaging app. It also
Microscope Zacharias Janssen provides end-to-end encrypted video calls. It was founded by
Telescope Hens Lippershey Nikolai Durov and Pavel Durov in March 2013. It has over 400
Mobile phone Martin Cooper million active users.
Radio Guglielmo Marconi
Paper
Internet
Cai Lun
Robert Kahn
Ages in History, Literature, Mythology
Atomic Age Period since the explosion of the first atom
Airplane Wright Brothers
bomb at Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16,
Steam Engine Thomas Savery
1945.
3D printing Chuck Hull
Augustan It refers to the reign of the Emperor Augustus 27
Pesticide DDT Paul Muller Age BC to 14 BC in Latin literature,
Vaccine for Malaria Manuel Elkin Patarroyo (2) English literature the early 18th century,
Vaccine for Polio Jonas Salk (3) In French literature in 1600.
Vaccine for smallpox Edward Jenner Bronze Age Period when people used bronze tools; period
Vaccine for Rabies Louis Pasteur, Emile Roux from 3000 to 100 BC.
Vaccine for Plague Alexandre Yersin Dark Ages Period from the fall of Rome in 476 AD until
Vaccine for Measles Maurice Hileman 1000s.
Vaccine for Cholera Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine Elizabethan Period of the feudal system in Europe from 700s
Vaccine for Tuberculosis Albert Calmette Age to 1400s.
Vaccine for Leprosy Jacinto Convit García Golden Age The best period of a country or literature is
Dynamite Alfred Nobel called the Golden Age.
Ice Age Period beginning from 1000,000 years ago in
Social Media Platforms: which a series of ice caps covered most of the
northern part of the earth.
 Facebook
Facebook Was founded by Mark Zuckerberg in February Iron AGE Period when people first used iron tools and
2004, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. weapons, It began at about. 1200 BC and lasted
Its active users are about 3 billion. It gives facility to post text, 100 years.
photos and videos. Moreover, users can directly Machine Name given to the period of industrialization in
communicate to each other with Facebook Messenger. Age Britain began in 1750.
 YouTube Middle Age Period between ancient times and the modern
Youtube is an online video sharing platform, currently owned period often given as between the fall of Roman
by Google. It was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Empire in AD 476 to the fall of Constantinople in
Jawed Karim in February 2005 As of May 2019, videos were AD 453.
being uploaded at a rate of more than 500 hours of content Age Of The 18th century when philosophy was gaining
per minute in October 2006, and YouTube was bought by Reason ground in Europe.
Google for $1.65 billion. YouTube now offers paid content Stone Age Period before the Bronze Age in which men used
such as movies and exclusive content. tools and weapons made of stone. It began
 WhatsApp about 1000,000 years ago.
Whatsapp is an instant messaging app, currently owned by Victorian Period when Queen Victoria reigned i.e. 1837 -
facebook. It was founded by Brian Acton and Jan koumin in Age 1901. It was an age of technological progress and
January 2009. It has over 2 billion users worldwide as of public morality.
February 2020.
 Instagram
Instagram is photo and video sharing app. It was founded by Famous International Living
Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger in 2010. Personalities
 TikTok Dwayne Johnson Known as the rock, one of the best
TikTok is a video-sharing focused social networking service professional wrestlers of WWE.
owned by Chinese company ByteDance. It was initially
Joe Biden Current President of the United States
released in 2016. Tik Tok was developed in 200 days and
Donald Trump Former President of the United States.
within a year had 100 million users, with more than one
Known for his controversial decisions.
billion videos viewed every day.
Jeff Bezos Founder and CEO of Amazon
 Twitter
Twitter Is an American microblogging and social networking Bill Gates Founder of Microsoft
app. It was founded by Jack Dorsey and Noah Glass in March Kylie Jenner World’s youngest self-made billionaire, an
2006. It has over 330 million monthly active users. actor and a business woman.
 LinkedIn Robert Downey One of the highest-paid actors
Linkedln is an American business and employment-oriented Cristiano Ronaldo World’s richest soccer player, belongs to
online app. It was founded by Reid Hoffman in 2003, in Portuguese
California, US. LinkedIn is used for professional networking Barack Obama Former USA President. Nobel Peace Prize
and career development, and allows job seekers to post their Award Winner in 2009
CVs and employers to post jobs. It has over 740 million Justin Bieber A famous singer.
members as per 2021. Hillary Clinton Former secretary of states for America.
 45 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

First woman to win the popular award in Orleans Khartoum

Presidential Elections. Lal Bahadur Man of Louis XIV The Sun King
One of the 100 most influential lawyers in Shastri Peace
America by the national law journal. Lala Lajpat Rai Punjab Louis XV The Grand
Kesan, Lion Monarch
of Punjab
(Sher-i-
Alternative Names of Famous Punjab)
Persons Mark Twain Sameul
Clemens
Margarette
Thatcher
Iron
Butterfly,
Original Name Abbreviated Original Abbreviated Iron Lady
or Name or M.K. Gandhi Bapu, Muhammad Quaid-i-
Alternative Alternative Mahatma; Ali Jinnah Azam. Great
Abdul Ghaffar Badshah Allama Iqbal Poet of the Father of the Leader
Khan Khan, East Nation
Frontier M.S. Golwalkar Guruji Mussolini Second Duke
Gandhi Madam Mohan Mahamana Mustafa Grey Wolf,
Adolf Hitler Further (also Amir Voice of India Malaviya Kamal Ataturk
Fuehrer) Khusrow (Tuti-e-Hind) Napoleon Little Neil Columbus of
Alfred Master of Attila The Scourge Bonaparte Corporal; Armstrong Space
Hitchcock Suspense of God Man of
Bal Gangadhar Lokmanya Benito Second Duce Destiny,
Tilak Mussolini child of
Benazir Bhutto Daughter of Dadabhai Grand Old revolution
The East Naorji man of India Narendra Modi Butcher of Nero The Mad
Duke of Iron Duke David Ike Gujrat Emperor
Wellington Eisenhower Oliver The Lord Otto von Man of Blood
Earl of King Maker Edward The Cromwell Protector Bismarck and Iron
Warwick Confessor Pitt the Great Queen Maiden
Edison The Wizard Elvis Presley King of Rock Younger Commoner Elizabeth I Queen, The
of Menlo and Roll Virgin Queen
park Rabindra Nath Gurudev Rasputin The Mad
Edmund Poet's Poet Erwin Desert Fox Tagore Monk
Spencer Rommel Ranjit Singh The Lion of Ratko Butcher of
Fatima Jinnah Maa-der- Francis The Apostle Punjab Mladid Bosnia
Millat Xavier of the Indies Rajinder Singh Maj. Gen. Richard Apostle of
Florence Lady of the Francisco EI Caydillo Sparrow Cobden Free Trade
Nightingale Lamp Franco Richard I The Lion Samuel Mark Twain
Gandhi The George American Heart Langhorwe Clemeas
Mahatma Washington Fabius Sarojini Naidu Nightingale Sheikh Bangabandhu
Gautama The Gen. Franco Caudillo of India Mujibur
Enlightened Rahman
one, The Shabash Neta ji Sheikh Lion of
Light of Asia Chandra Bose Abdullah Kashmir
George G.B.S. Gladstone Grand Old Shakespeare Bard of Avon T. Prakasam Andhra
Bernard Shaw Man of Kesari
Britain T.T. T.T.K. Title of kings Negus
George Eliot Mary Ann Gulbuddin Butcher of Krishnamachari of Ethiopia
Evans Hekmatyar Kabul Vallahbhai Man of Iron; Walter Scott Wizard of the
Henry The Huien Tsang Prince of Patel Strong Man North
Navigator Pilgrimage of India
Ibn Batuta The traveler Ivan The Terrible William the William the William Bard of Avon
of Islam Conqueror Bastard Shakespeare
Jawaharlal Chacha, Julius The Greatest William II Emperor Younger Pitt Grand
Nehru Pandit Caesar of the Kaiser Commander
Romans
Jayaprakash J.P. Jesus Christ Good
Narayan Loknayak Shepherd- Famous Poets of the World
Light of the Name Country Famous Work
world Faiz Ahmed Faiz Pakistan Hum Dekhein Gay
John Calvin The Justinian The Law giver Mirza Ghalib British India Aah Ko Chahye Ik
Acquisitive Umar Asar Hone Tak
Case Ahmad Faraz Pakistan Pas Andaaz
Joan of Arc Maid of Kitchener of K of K
 46 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Edgar Allen Poe United States The Raven continent

William England Shall I Compare Thee Yehudi, Menuhin (1916-1999) American
Shakespeare To A Summer’s Day? Zubin, Mehta (1936-) Indian
Allama Iqbal Pakistan Zaboor-e-Ajam

Famous Travelers in History

Maya Angelou United States On the Pulse of
Morning
Emily Dickinson United States Hope is the thing with 1. Marco Polo
Feathers The Venetian merchant traveler whose famous work ‘Travels of
Shel Silverstein United States Where the Sidewalk Marco Polo’ recorded his epic travels and introduced the
Ends Europeans to the cultures of South Asia! Setting off with his
Robert Frost United States The Road Not Taken father and uncle at the age of 17, Marco travelled through
Pablo Neruda Chile I Do Not Love You various kingdoms and wastelands for 24 years before he
Except Because I Love returned to Venice and documented his travels
You
E. E. Cummings United States I Carry Your Heart With
Me 2. John Cabot
Thomas Hardy England Hap John Cabot or Giovanni Caboto as he’s fondly referred to in
Oscar Wilde Ireland A Vision Italy, is famed for being the first European explorer to claim
John Keats England A Thing of Beauty contact with the North American inhabitants. Supposedly, he
landed on the island of Newfoundland in 1497 and led three
William Blake England The Tyger
expeditions to the American mainland, the success of which is
William England The Prelude
still held in question by many exploration researchers.
Wordsworth
Lewis Carroll England Jabberwocky
Homer Greece The Iliad 3. Christopher Columbus
Rumi Afghanistan Masnavi-ye-Ma’navi Famous for being the discoverer of America, Christopher
Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator and colonizer
 John Keats is also known as the Poet of Beauty. citizen of Genoa. Under the aegis of the monarchy of Spain, this
man completed four long and arduous voyages across the
Famous Personalities Who Committed world. In his last voyage on the seas and in a bid to discover
India and the Japanese, he strayed away and landed in what is
Suicide present day America. Although not the first one to land in
Name Occupation Year America, his voyage had a lasting European influence on the
Robin Williams Comedian/Actor 2014 continent. Ambitious and determined, this explorer’s four
R. Budd Dwyer Politician 1987 voyages are a testament to his will and spirit that has inspired
Evelyn McHale Women’s Army Corps 1947 travelers all across.
Marilyn Monroe Actress 1962
Kurt Cobain Singer 1994 4. Ibn Battuta
Sylvia Plath Poet/Author 1963 Generally considered to be the greatest travelers of all times,
Ernest Author 1961 Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan explorer who is famous for his
Hemingway travel account called ‘Rihala’. Battuta travelled through the
Hunter S. Journalist 2005 Horn of Africa, the Middle East, South Asia and finally China for
Thompson over forty years. It’s said that after he returned to Morocco
Vincent Van Gogh Painter 1890 more than a quarter of a century later, he had lost half his
Virginia Woolf Author 1941 family. His comprehensive accounts of the places visited have
Ray Combs Comedian 1996 guided historians as well as future travelers alike.

5. Amerigo Vespucci
World’s Famous Composers & This explorer discovered the new world of America along with
Musicians Brazil and established them as large landmasses which had
nothing to do with Asia. His four voyages spread across 5 years
Name Country make him a legendary traveler that you should know of.
Anwar, Khawaja Khursheed (March 21, 1912- Pakistani
October 30, 1984)
Beethoven, Ludwig van (1772-1827) German
6. Xuanzang (Hsuan Tsang)
Chinese monk, scholar, and a famed translator, Xuanzang is
Bizmi, Nisar (1925-March 22, 2007) Pakistani
famous in South Asian history as the traveler who brought the
Chopin, Frederic (1810-1849) Polish-French great Indian and Chinese cultures in contact with each other.
Grieg, Edvard (1843-1907) Norwegian His claim to fame is the 17 year overland journey from China to
Haydn, Franz Joseph (1732-1809) Austrian the many kingdoms of the Indian subcontinent he took. This
Mehdi Hasan (1927-) Pakistani journey is supposedly the inspiration behind the novel
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1750-1791) Austrian “Journeys to the West”, written by Wu Cheng'en. Like all great
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (1948-1997) Pakistani souls, it’s rumoured that Xuanzang had a dream that convinced
Shanker Ravi (1920-) Indian him to visit India. Following his heart, he covered an overland
'h
Tansen (16 century) Indian Sub journey which made him one of the most famous travelers of
 47 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

history. 10. Larry Page – Co-Founder of Google

7. Ferdinand Magellan List of Important Days and Dates in a Year

This bold traveler and intrepid explorer from Portugal was
behind the East Indies expeditions which finally inspired the 2021
first total circumnavigation of the globe. His voyages, which
took him across the mighty Pacific paved way for further January
expeditions. The famous ‘Straits of Magellan’ is named after January 4: World Braille Day
this voyager. January 6: World Day for War Orphans
January 27: International Holocaust Remembrance Day
8. Bartolomeu Dias January 28:
January 31:
Data Protection Day
Leprosy Prevention Day
A Portuguese explorer, Dias was the first among all the
explorers of his age to undertake the arduous voyage across February
the African continent and the first to touch the southernmost February 2: World Wetlands Day
tip. Although he wanted to sail to India, his crew revolted and February 4: World Cancer Day
he had to sail back, incidentally discovering the Cape of Good February 12: Darwin Day
Hope! February 13: World Radio Day
February 14: Valentine's Day
9. Jacques Cartier February 20: World Day of Social Justice
Cartier was a very respected mariner who undertook the first February 21: International Mother Language Day
European voyage to the far undiscovered land, what we now February 22: World Scout Day
know as Canada! He was the first European to map the March
Canadian landmass while also bringing along the French March 1: World Civil Defence Day
language, which to this day remains Canada’s second language. March 4: World Day of the Fight Against Sexual
Exploitation
10. Herodotus March 8: International Women's Day, World Kidney
Popularly known as the ‘Father of History’, this Greek historian, Day
Heroditus, was one of the most travelled people of his age. His March 15: World Consumer Rights Day
accounts give insights as he travels through Asia Minor, Greece, March 21: World Sleep Day
Rome and Egypt. March 21: International Day for the Elimination of
Racial Discrimination, Forests Day
11. Vasco De Gama March 22: World Day for Water, World Poetry Day
A Portuguese traveler and explorer, Vasco De Gama was the March 23: World Meteorological Day
first to reach the Indian shores, linking the Indian subcontinent March 24: World Tuberculosis Day
with Europe by the sea route. A daunting voyage, his discovery March 27: World Theatre Day
of the sea route meant that the Europeans didn’t have to cross
the Arabian Peninsula or the treacherous Mediterranean in
April
April 2: World Autism Awareness Day
order to spread out their empires. Gama opened up the ‘Spice
April 4: World Pillow Day
Route’ when he landed in Calicut and established first contact
April 7: World Health Day
with the golden Indian shore lands.
April 12: World Street Children Day
12. Captain James Cook April 17: World Farmers Day
Captain Cook was an explorer, navigator, cartographer and a April 22: Earth Day
captain in the Royal Navy. His voyages led to the discovery of April 23: World Book and Copyright Day
the East coast of Australia and Hawaii. As a sailor who saw April 24: World Veterinary Day
action in the seven years’ war, Cook sailed thousands of miles April 25: World Malaria Day, International DNA Day
across largely uncharted territory of the globe and mapped April 26: World Intellectual Property Day
islands from New Zealand to Hawaii. April 28: World Day for Safety & Health at Work
April 29: World Dance Day
Forbes list of 10 Most Powerful People in May
May 1: May Day - Labour Day
the World May 3: World Press Freedom Day, World Asthma Day
1. Xi Jinping – General Secretary of the Communist Party of May 4: International Firefighters' Day
China May 5: World Midwives Day
2. Vladimir Putin – President of Russia May 7: World Engineers Day
3. Donald Trump – President of the United States of May 8: World Red Goss 6 Red Crescent Day, Thalassaemia
America Day
4. Angela Merkel – Chancellor of Germany May 9: World Mothers Day
5. Jeff Bezos – Chairman and CEO of Amazon May 12: International Nurses Day, International Just Trade
6. Francis – Pope of the Holy See Day
7. Bill Gates – Co-Chair of the Gates Foundation, Founder of May 14: Bone & Joint Day
Microsoft May 15: International Day of Families
8. Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud – Crown Prince of Saudi May 17: World Hyper Tension Day, World
Arabia Telecommunication Day
9. Narendra Modi – Prime Minister of India May 18: World Museum Day
 48 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

May 19: Hepatitis Day October 2: International Day of Non-Violence

May 21: World Anti-Terrorism Day October 3: World Habitat Day
May 22: International Day for Biological Diversity October 4: World Animal Day
May 23: World Squash Day, World Turtle Day October 5: World Teachers' Day
May 28: Anti-Narcotics Day, Engineers Day October 7: World Employment Day, World Smile Day
May 29: UN Peace Missions Day October 8: World Humanitarian Action Day, World
May 30: World Sports Day Natural Calamities Prevention Day, World
May 31: World No Tobacco Day Sight Day
1st Tuesday World Asthma Day October 9: World Post Day
of May: October 10: World Mental Health Day, World Egg Day,
2nd World Fair Trade Day World Anti-Capital Punishment Day
Saturday of October 11: World Girls Day
May: October 12: World Arthritis Day
June October 14: World Standards Day
June 1: International Children's Day, World Milk Day October 15: International Day of Rural Women, Global
June 5: World Environment Day Hand Washing Day, World White Stick Day
June 8: World Brain Tumour Day. World Ocean Day October 16: World Food Day
June 9: International Accreditation Day October 17: International Day for the Eradication of
June 12: World Day against Child Labour Poverty
June 14: World Blood Donor Day October 20: World Chefs Day
June 18: International Picnic Day October 24: United Nations Day, World Acupuncture Day
June 20: World Refugee Day October 24: World Development Information Day
June 21: World Music Day October 31: World Savings Day
June 23: Public Service Day November
June 26: Anti-Narcotics Day, Anti-Violence Day November 9: World Freedom Day, World Inventors
3rd Sunday Fathers' Day Day
in June: November 10: World Science Day
July November 12: World Pneumonia Day
July 2: Sports Journalism Day November 14: World Diabetes Day
July 4: World Cooperative Day November 16: International Day for Tolerance
July 11: World Population Day November 17: International Studies Day
July 24: World Parents Day November 19: World Toilet Day
July 28: Hepatitis Day November 20: Universal Children's Day
July 30: World Friendship Day November 21: World Hello Day
November 21: World Television Day
August November 21: World Fishermen's Day
August 3: World Friendship Day
November 25: International Day for the Elimination of
August 8: International Day of the World's Indigenous Violence against Women
People
November 29: International Day of Solidarity with the
August 11: World Minorities Day Palestinian People
August 12: International Youth Day 3rd Sunday in Traffic Accident Victims Day
August 13: Left Handers Day November :
August 19: World Humanity Day, World Breast Feeding Day
August 23: World Slavery Abolition Day December
August 30: International Day of the Disappeared December 1: World AIDS Day
December 2: International Day for the Abolition of
September Slavery
September 4: World Veil Day December 3: International Day of Disabled Persons
September 5: World Vulture Day December 5: International Volunteer Day
September 8: International Literacy Day, World December 7: International Civil Aviation Day
Physiotherapy Day December 9: The International Day against Corruption.
September 10: Suicide Prevention Day World Allergy Day
September 11: World First Aid Day December 10: Human Rights Day
September 12: World Oral Health Day December 11: International Mountain Day
September 13: Grand Parents Day December 14: World Monkeys Day
September 15: International Day of Democracy December 15: World Tea Day
September 16: International Day for the Preservation of December 18: International Migrants Day
the Ozone Layer December 20: International Human Solidarity Day
September 21: World Alzheimer's Day
September 22: Car Free Day
September 24: World Clean-up Day INTERNATIONAL DECADES
September 26: World Heart Day 1976–1985 United Nations Decade for Women
September 27: World Tourism Day 1994–2004 Decade of the World's Indigenous People
September 28: World Rabies Day 1997–2006 UN Decade for the Eradication of Poverty
October 2001–2010 International Decade for a Culture of Peace
October 1: World Vegetarian Day. Senior Citizens Day and Non-violence for the Children of the
 49 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

World, recognized by the UN Martin Van

2003–2012 United Nations Literacy Decade Buren (1833-
2005–2014 United Nations Decade on Education for 37)
Sustainable Development 8 Martin Van 1837- Richard M. Democrat
2005–2015 International decade for action ‘Water For Buren 1841 Johnson
Life’ 9 William H. 1841 John Tyler Whig
2008–2017- Second United Nations Decade for the Harrison
Eradication of Poverty 10 John Tyler 1841- vacant Whig
2010–2020- United Nations Decade for deserts and fight 1845
against desertification 11 James K. 1845- George M. Democrat
2011–2020- Third International Decade for the Eradication Polk 1849 Dallas
of Colonialism. 12 Zachary 1849- Millard Whig
2013–2022 International Decade for the Rapprochement Taylor 1850 Fillmore
of Cultures 13 Millard 1850- vacant Whig
2014–2024- United Nations Decade of Sustainable Energy Fillmore 1853
for All 14 Franklin 1853- William R.D. Democrat
2015–2024- International Decade for People of African Pierce 1857 King
Descent 15 James 1857- John C. Democrat
2018-2027 Third United Nations Decade for the Buchanan 1861 Breckinridge
Eradication of Poverty 16 Abraham 1861- Hannibal National
2018–2028 International Decade for Action "Water for Lincoln 1865 Hamlin (1861- Union
Sustainable Development" 65)
2019-2028 Nelson Mandela decade of peace Andrew (Republican)
2019–2028 United Nations Decade of Family Farming Johnson
2021–2030 International Decade of Ocean Science for (1865)
Sustainable Development 17 Andrew 1865- vacant National
2021-2030 International Decade on ecosystem Johnson 1869 Union
restoration (Democrat)
The United Nations General Assembly has declared the decade 18 Ulysses S. 1869- Schuyler Republican
2021-30 as the decade dedicated to restore the ecosystems Grant 1877 Colfax (1869-
 This will officially launch with the World Environment Day 73)
2021, which will take place on June 5
th Henry Wilson
 This initiative is led by the United Nations Environment (1873-75)
Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization of 19 Rutherford 1877- William A. Republican
the United Nations B. Hayes 1881 Wheeler
 It aims for a sustainable future based on the ecosystems 20 James A. 1881 Chester A. Republican
through communications, events and a dedicated web Garfield Arthur
platform 21 Chester A. 1881- vacant Republican
Arthur 1885
22 Grover 1885- Thomas A. Democrat
List of Presidents of the United Cleveland 1889 Hendricks
States of America 23 Benjamin 1889-
(1885)
Levi P. Morton Republican
Sr.no President Period Vice President Affiliation Harrison 1893
24 Grover 1893- Adlai E. Democrat
1 George 1789- John Adams None Cleveland 1897 Stevenson
Washington 1797
25 William 1897- Garret A. Republican
2 John Adams 1797- Thomas Federalist McKinley 1901 Hobart (1897-
1801 Jefferson 99)
3 Thomas 1801- Aaron Burr Democratic- Theodore
Jefferson 1809 (1801-05) Republican Roosevelt
George (1901)
Clinton (1805- 26 Theodore 1901- vacant (1901- Republican
09) Roosevelt 1909 05)
4 James 1809- George Democratic- Charles W.
Madison 1817 Clinton (1809- Republican Fairbanks
12) (1905-09)
Elbridge 27 William 1909- James S. Republican
Gerry (1813- Howard 1913 Sherman
14) Taft (1909-12)
5 James 1817- Daniel D. Democratic- 28 Woodrow 1913- Thomas R. Democrat
Monroe 1825 Tompkins Republican Wilson 1921 Marshall
6 John 1825- John C. National- 29 Warren G 1921- Calvin Republican
Quincy 1829 Calhoun Republican Harding 1923 Coolidge
Adams
30 Calvin 1923- vacant (1923- Republican
7 Andrew 1829- John C. Democrat Coolidge 1929 25)
Jackson 1837 Calhoun Charles G.
(1829-32)
 50 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Dawes (1925-
29)
Names of American States
● Alabama - AL
31 Herbert 1929- Charles Curtis Republican ● Alaska - AK
Hoover 1933 ● Arizona - AZ
32 Franklin D. 1933- John N. Democrat ● Arkansas - AR
Roosevelt 1945 Garner (1933- ● California - CA
41) ● Colorado - CO
Henry A. ● Connecticut - CT
Wallace ● Delaware - DE
(1941-45) ● Florida - FL
Harry S. ● Georgia - GA
Truman ● Hawaii - HI
(1945) ● Idaho - ID
33 Harry S. 1945- vacant (1945- Democrat ● Illinois - IL
Truman 1953 49) ● Indiana - IN
Alben W. ● Iowa - IA
Barkley (1949- ● Kansas - KS
53) ● Kentucky - KY
34 Dwight D. 1953- Richard M. Republican ● Louisiana - LA
Eisenhower 1961 Nixon ● Maine - ME
35 John F 1961- Lyndon B. Democrat ● Maryland - MD
Kennedy 1963 Johnson ● Massachusetts - MA
36 Lyndon B. 1963- vacant (1963- Democrat ● Michigan - MI
Johnson 1969 65) ● Minnesota - MN
Hubert H. ● Mississippi - MS
Humphrey ● Missouri - MO
(1965-69) ● Montana - MT
37 Richard M. 1969- Spiro T. Republican ● Nebraska - NE
Nixon 1974 Agnew (1969- ● Nevada - NV
73) ● New Hampshire - NH
Gerald R. ● New Jersey - NJ
Ford (1973- ● New Mexico - NM
74)(d) ● New York - NY
38 Gerald R. 1974- Nelson A. Republican ● North Carolina - NC
Ford 1977 Rockefeller (d) ● North Dakota - ND
39 James Earl 1977- Walter Democrat ● Ohio - OH
Carter 1981 Mondale ● Oklahoma - OK
40 Ronald 1981- George H.W. Republican ● Oregon - OR
Reagan 1989 Bush ● Pennsylvania - PA
41 George 1989- J. Danforth Republican ● Rhode Island - RI
H.W. Bush 1993 Quayle ● South Carolina - SC
42 William J. 1993- Albert Gore Jr. Democrat ● South Dakota - SD
Clinton 2001 ● Tennessee - TN
43 George W. 2001- Dick Cheney Republican ● Texas - TX
Bush 2009 ● Utah - UT
44 Barack H. 2009- Joe Biden Democrat ● Vermont - VT
Obama 2017 ● Virginia - VA
45 Donald J. 2017- Mike Pence Republican ● Washington - WA
Trump 2021 ● West Virginia - WV
46. Joe Biden 2021 Kamala Harris Democrat ● Wisconsin - WI
● Wyoming - W
American Presidents who only served one term:
i. John Adams Withdrawal of United States under
ii.
iii.
John Quincy Adams
Martin Van Buren
President Donald Trump from
iv. Franklin Pierce International agreements
v. Grover Cleveland Agreement Date of withdrawal
vi. Benjamin Harrison Paris Climate Agreement November 4, 2020
vii. William Howard Taft Trans-Pacific Partnership January 23, 2017
viii. Herbert Hoover UNESCO December 31, 2018
ix. Lyndob B, Johnson Iran Nuclear Deal May 8, 2018
x Gerold Ford UN Human Rights Council June 20, 2018
xi. Jimmy Carter
xii. George Bush Sr. US territory
xiii Donald Trump. Mount McKinley is in the Alaskan region of Denali, Death Valley
is in Eastern California and is a desert, Appalachians are
mountain ranges in eastern side of North America and the
 51 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

highest peak in the Appalachian Mountains is Mount Mitchell. Equator → the earth is divided into the Northern and Southern
Clark Glacier in Alaska on Mount Abbe. It is 8 miles long. Hemisphere by the latitudinal lines, the imaginary line running
through the centre of the earth is the equator and it’s at 0
Greenwich Meantime degree latitude.
Longitudes → imaginary lines running from North to South of
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) → The time calculated by the the globe, they specify the position of a point as per East and
Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London; GMT is also used West.
synonymously with UTC which is Coordinated Universal Time. Latitudes → imaginary lines running from East to West which
International Date Line (IDL) → it is an imaginary line running specify location of a point with respect to the North or South
from North to South and the day and date change as you cross and with respect to the distance of it from the Equator.
this line; going westward would increase the day and date by
one and vice versa for going eastward.
Prime Meridian → the point where the longitude equals to 0
degree and it is used in coordination and finding locations of
Facts about GMT
points on Earth. This line divides Earth into Eastern and  GMT is the standard time for UK.
Western Hemispheres.  Local time is measured with reference to its
longitudinal position.
 Pakistan Standard Time is GMT +5 hours.

SPORTS
Important Sports Terms Tiebreaker, Carried, Stick, Striking circle,
Undercutting, etc.
Sports Terms Horse Riding Three-day Event, Dresses, Showjumping, Faults,
Athletics Relay, Track, Lane, Photo Finish, Hurdles, Shot etc.
Put, Discus Throw, Hammer throw, High Jump, Judo Cocoa, White, Blue, Green belt, etc.
Triple Jump Cross Country, etc. Polo Polo-Bunker, Mallet, Chukker, etc.
Badminton Shuttlecock, Service court, Double fault, Shooting Rapidfire Pistol, Standard rifle, Free pistol, Air
Forehand, Back Hand, Smash, Hit, Drop, Net, rifle, Range, Bull’s eye, etc.
Love, etc. Swimming Freestyle, Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly,
Baseball Pinching, Homerun, Base runner, Perfect game, Lane, Pool, Crawl, etc.
Throw, Strike, Put out, etc. Table Tennis Volley, Late service, Drive spin, Half volley,
Basketball Free throw, Common foul, Under head, Backhand, Chop, etc.
Technical foul, Overhead, etc. Tennis Service, Grandslam, Deuce, Advantage, Game
Bridge Masterpoint, Grand slam, Perfect deals, Point, Breakpoint, Smash, Shot, Break, Grass
Dummy, Trump, etc. Court, Drop shot, Netplay, Baseline, etc.
Billiards & Pull, Cue, Hit, Object ball, Scoring, Cushion Volleyball Spikers, Booster, Deuce, Smash, Sidearm,
Snooker billiards, Break shot, etc. Penetration, etc
Boxing Knock out, Ring Stoppage, Punch, Round, Weight Jerk, Snatch, etc
Upper-cut, Kidney punch, Timing, Footwork, Lifting
etc. Wrestling Freestyle, Point, Hal Nelson, Heave, etc
Chess E. L. O. rating, Grandmaster, international

Cycling
master, Gambit, Kings Indian Defence, etc.
Sprint, Time trial, Track Trace, Point race, etc. Olympics
Cricket Toss, Run, Wicket, Pitch, Stump, Bails, Crease, ● The First Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece in
Pavilion, Gloves, Wicket Keeper, Over, , 1896. 245 athletes from 14 nations participated and
Followon, Rubber, Spin, Ashes, Catch, Bowled, women were not allowed to participate. It was
Stump out, Runout, L. B. W; Hit Wicket, proposed by a French man, Baron Pierre de Coubertin,
Googley, Not out, No ball, Wide ball, Dead ball, in 1894.
Maiden over, Overthrow, Bye, Leg by, Cover ● Summer and Winter Olympics are two categories of
drive, Late cut, Hook, Glance, Stroke, Shot, Pull, Olympics, each held once every 4 years. Summer
Sixer, Follow Through, Turn, , , Bouncer, Olympics is a much bigger event as compared to the
Hattrick, Round the wicket, Over the wicket, Winter Olympics.
Seamer, Boundary line, Slip, Square leg, Runner, ● Summer Olympic games are grouped in 5 categories
Cover, Yorker, Gully, Long on, Silly point, whereas Winter Olympic games are grouped in 3
Midwicket, Mid on, Forward short leg, categories. However, these categories are subject to
Deep/mid-wicket, etc. change.
Football Kick, Goal, Head, Penalty kick, Dribble, Offside, ● The number of games in each Olympics is not fixed but
Move, Hattrick, Foul, Left out, Right out, in the 2016 Summer Olympics (hosted by Rio de Janeiro,
Stopper, Defender, Side back, Pass, Baseline, first-ever Olympics in South America) the number of
Rebound, Comer back, etc. games was 28 whereas the number of games scheduled
for 2020 Summer Olympics is 33.
Gymnastics Parallel bar, Horizontal bar, Push up, Floor
● 2020 Summer Olympic (24 July 2020-9 August 2020) will
exercise, Uneven bar, Sit up. etc.
be hosted by Tokyo.
Hockey Bully, Short corner, Hattrick, Goal, Penalty ● 2022 Winter Olympics (4 February 2022-20 February
Corner, Penalty stroke, Pushin, Cut, Scoop, 2022) will be hosted by Beijing.
Dribble, Centre forward, Halfback, Astroturf, ● To date (2019), the USA retains its position as winning
Sudden death, Left, Left out, Off-side, the highest number of Olympic medals. The second
 52 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

position is held by China while the UK is in third position 2018 Islamabad Peshawar Islamabad won by 3
in terms of winning medals at the Olympics. United Zalmi wickets.
● English and French are the official languages for the 2019 Quetta Peshawar Quetta won by 8
Olympics apart from the language of the host country. Gladiators Zalmi wickets.
● The 2012 Olympic games held in London were the first 2020 Karachi Lahore Karachi won by 5
Olympic games in which all participating countries sent Kings Qalandars wickets
women athletes. 2021 Peshawar Multan Sultan Multan Sultan won
Zalmi by
Asian Games 2022 Lahore Multan Sultan Lahore Qalandars
● Asian Games are held every 4 years. First Asian Games Qalandars won by 41 runs
were held in 1951 in New Delhi and the 2018 Asian
Games were held in Jakarta, Indonesia 2018. Upcoming Medals won by Pakistanis in Olympics
Asian Games 2022 (10 September 2022- 25 September ● Pakistan has not won any Olympic medal in the last 6
2022) will be held in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Olympic Games which makes up to 24 years.
● As of 2018 Asian Games, Pakistan has won 203 medals ● In 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics Pakistan could only
in total. 44 Gold medals, 64 Silver medals, and 95 send 7 athletes and the Pakistani Hockey team could
Bronze medals. Pakistan won the highest number of not make it for Olympics 2016.
medals at Asian Games in 1962 at Jakarta, Indonesia. ● Pakistan has won three Gold medals in Olympics Hockey
● Pakistan won 4 bronze medals in Asian Games 2018. in Rome (1960), Mexico (1968) and Los Angeles (1984).
● Hockey was inducted in Asian Games in Tokyo in 1958. ● As of 2019, Pakistan has won a total of 10 Olympics
medals (3 Gold, 3 Silver and 4 Bronze medals.
Commonwealth Games Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total
● First commonwealth games were held in Hamilton, Hockey 3 3 2 8
Canada in 1930 in which 400 athletes from 11 countries Boxing 0 0 1 1
took part. Since then, they are held every 4 years. Wrestling 0 0 1 1
● Commonwealth Games 2022 (27 July 2022- 7 August
2022) was held in Birmingham, England. Total 3 3 4 10
● Pakistan won 8 medals in 2022 commonwealth games
th
and secured 18 position. ● Pakistan won the Asian Team Snooker Championship
● Pakistani wrestler Muhammad Inam won the first Gold 2019. Babar Masih and Zulfiqar Qadir from Pakistan
Medal in Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, heated Aditya Mehta and Pankaj Advani from India in
Australia Commonwealth games 2018. Asian Team Snooker held in Doha, Qatar.
● First women’s ODI was played in 1973.
Most Medals in Sochi Olympics ● Sana Mir is the first Pakistani female to take 100 wickets
*In Sochi, the host Russians captured a total of 29 medals, one in ODI’s.
more than the United States. Russia also tied with Norway in ● Paralympic Games are held for physically handicapped
gold medals with 11, Canada had 10 golds and the U.S. had people
nine.
ICC World Cup Winning Nations Pakistan has won the following Cups in
Year
1975
Winner
West Indies
Year
1999
Winner
Australia
Various Sports
● Cricket World Cup 1992.
1979 West Indies 2003 Australia ● T20 Cricket World Cup 2009.
1983 India 2007 Australia ● ICC Champions Trophy on 18th June 2017.
1987 Australia 2011 India ● Won Hockey World Cup 4 times (1971, 1978, 1982, and
1992 Pakistan 2015 Australia 1994).
1996 Sri Lanka 2019 England ● Pakistan has won 23 World Squash Team open titles.
Jahangir Khan is a world-famous Pakistani Squash
Nicknames of Cricket teams player. He has won the World Open six times and British
open 10 times, setting a record.
Cricket Team Nickname
● Pakistan has won two Blind Cricket World Cups.
Australia Baggy Greens ● Ahmed Mujtaba from Quetta won a prestigious
Pakistan Shaheens championship in Feather Weight class in Boxing.
India Men in Blue
South Africa The Proteas List of Important Cups and Trophies
Zimbabwe The Chevrons American Cup Yacht Racing USA
Sri Lanka The Lions Ashes Cup Cricket Australia England
Asia Cup Cricket, Asia
Bangladesh The Tigers Badminton
New Zealand The Kiwis/The Black Caps Augusta Masters Golf International
West Indies The Windies Australian Open Lawn Tennis International
Azlan Cup Hockey International
Pakistan Super Leagues winners BCS Trophy Football America
2016 Islamabad Quetta Islamabad won by 6 Benson and Hedges Cricket England and Wales
United Gladiators wickets. Bledisloe Cup Rugby Newzealand &
2017 Peshawar Quetta Peshawar won by 58 Australia
Zalmi Gladiators runs Borg-Warner Trophy Motorsports Indianapolis
 53 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

America Trophy
British Open Golf International Vittal Trophy Football India
Calcutta Cup Rugby England and Walker Cup Golf England
Scotland Webb Ellis Cup Rugby World
Champions trophy Hockey International Wellington Cup Horse Racing Newzealand
C.K. Naidu Trophy Cricket India West Chester Cup Polo England
Colombo Cup Football International Wills Trophy Cricket Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Commissioner’s Baseball America and Zimbabwe
Trophy Wimbledon Tennis International
Davis Cup Tennis International Wisden Trophy Cricket England and West
Confederation Cup Football International Indies
Derby Horse Racing International World Cup Hockey, World
European Cup Badminton Europe Football,
European Champion Football International Cricket
Clubs’ Cup
Ezra Cup
FIFA World Cup
Polo
Football
India
International
Top Five fastest persons of the world in
Trophy 200 meters race
French Open Lawn Tennis International Rank Time Athlete
Gavaskar Border Cricket India and Australia 1 19.19 Usain Bolt
Trophy 2 19.26 Yohan Blake
Grey Cup Football US & Canada 3 19.32 Michael Johnson
Gillette Cup Cricket India 4 19.50 Noah Lyles
Harilela Cup Badminton India 5 19.53 Walter Dix
Heineken Cup Lawn Tennis International
Heisman Trophy Football America Some Famous Athletes
Hopman Cup Lawn Tennis International Sport Athletes
Jawaharlal Nehru Cup Cricket International
Jules Rimet Trophy Football International Football Christian Ronaldo (Portugal), Messi (Argentina),
Saleh (Egypt), Ronaldinho (Brazil), Neymar
Kalinga Cup Football India
(Brazil)
Kings Cup Air Races England
Cricket Shane Warne (Australia), Brian Lara (West
Larry O’Brien Basketball America Indies), Don Bradman (Australia), Muttiah
Championship Trophy Muralidharan (Sri Lanka), Garfield Sobers (West
League Championship Football International Indies), Viv Richards (West Indies).
Trophy Hockey Dhyan Chand (India), Ric Charlesworth
Liners Open Golf International (Australia), Sohail Abbas (Pakistan), Akhtar
Malaysian Open Badminton International Rasool (Pakistan), Hanif Khan (Pakistan)`
Mann Cup Lacrosse America Squash Jahangir Khan (Pakistan), Hashim Khan
McClelland Trophy Football Australia (Pakistan), Peter Nicol (Scotland), Chris Ditmar
Merdeka Cup Football Asia (Australia).
MLS Cup Soccer America Tennis Roger Federer (Switzerland), Rod Laver
Old Oaken Bucket Football America (Australia), Novak Djokovic (Serbia), Rafael Nadal
Intercollege (Spain)
Premier League Football International
Trophy
Prince of Wales Cup Golf England Official Names of Playgrounds
Rothmans Cup Cricket International Sports Playground Origin of Sport
Sahara Cup Cricket Pakistan and India name
Sharjah Cup Cricket International Baseball Diamond USA
Singer Cup Cricket India, Sri Lanka and Cricket Stadium England
Pakistan
Stanley Cup Hockey America Wrestling Ring Greece
Swaythling Cup Table Tennis World Hockey, Football Field Football: England, Field
Tata Open Lawn Tennis International hockey: British Isles
The Scottish Cup Football International Tennis, Badminton, Court Tennis: France
Thomas Cup Badminton World Netball
Titan Cup Cricket South Africa,
Australia and India. Judo, Karate, Mat Karate: Korea, Judo:
U. Thant Cup Tennis International Taekwondo Japan,
Uber Cup Badminton World Golf Course Scotland
(Women)
UEFA Champions Football International Boxing, Skating Ring Boxing: First recorded
League match took place in
US Masters Golf International Britain
US Open Lawn Tennis International Ice Hockey Rink First played in: Canada
Vince Lombardi Super Bowl America
 54 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Cycling Velodrome
International Cricket Grounds in Ireland
Chairpersons of International Cricket Ground Location Capacity
Clontarf Cricket Club Ground Dublin 3200
Council (ICC) (Castle Avenue)
1. Narayanaswami Srinivasan, India, 26 July 2014 to 9 Civil Service Cricket Club Ground Belfast 7000
November 2015 (Stormont)
2. Shashank Manohar, India, 22 November 2015 to 30 June Malahide Cricket Club Ground Malahide 11,500
2020 (The Village)
3. Imran Khwaja, Singapore, 1 July 2020 (Incumbent) Bready Cricket Club Ground Magheramason 3000

CEO International Cricket Council (ICC) Top Five Batsmen in Test Cricket
Malcolm Speed (2001-2008) Player Span Runs
Haroon Logat (2008-2012) SR Tendulkar (INDIA) 1989-2013 15921
David Richardson (2012-2019) RT Ponting (AUS) 1995-2012 13378
Manu Sawhney (Incumbent) JH Kallis (ICC/SA) 1995-2013 13289
R Dravid (ICC/INDIA) 1996-2012 13288
Cricket Champions Trophy Tournaments AN Cook (ENG) 2006-2018 12472
Year Host Nation Final Venue
1998 Bangladesh Bangabandhu National National Sports of some Countries
Stadium, Dhaka Country National Sport
2000 Kenya Gymkhana Club Ground, Bhutan Archery
Neroubi Bangladesh Kabaddi
2002 Sri Lanka R. Premadasa Stadium, Chile Chilean rodeo
Colombo China Table Tennis
2004 England The Oval, London Cuba Baseball
2006 India Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai Czech Republic Ice Hockey
2009 South Africa SuperSport Park, Centurion England Football
2013 England & Wales Edgbaston, Birmingham Estonia Basketball
2017 England & Wales The Oval, London Gambia Wrestling
Haiti Football
Greatest Cricketers of the World Hungary Football, Water polo
Name Country Experience Iceland Handball
MS Dhoni India 2 India Field Hockey
Brian Lara West Indies 1990-2007 Israel Football
Sachin Tendulkar India 1989-2013 Italy Football
Brett Lee Australia 1999-2012 Jamaica Cricket
Adam Gilchrist Australia 1996-2008 Japan Sumo wrestling, baseball
Chris Gayle West Indies 1999-present Lithuania Basketball
Steve Waugh Australia 1985-2004 Madagascar Rugby Union
Inzamam Ul Haq Pakistan 1991-2007 Poland Football
Ricky Ponting Australia 1995-2012 Nepal Volleyball
Shane Warne Australia 1992-2007 Pakistan Field hockey
Jacques Kallis South Africa 1995-2014 Scotland Golf
Sir Vivian West Indies 1974-1991 Spain Football
Richards Sri Lanka Volleyball
Sir Don Bradman Australia 1928-1948 United States Baseball
AB de Vulliers South Africa 2004-2018 Venezuela Baseball
Dale Steyn South Africa 2004-2021
Shakib Al Hasan Bangladesh 2006-present
Tamim Iqbal Bangladesh 2007-present Winter Olympics
Abdur Razzak Bangladesh 1996-2013 City Country Year
Mohammad Nabi Afghanistan 2009-present Milan and Cortina Italy 2026
Imran Khan Pakistan 1971-1992 d’Ampezzo
Shoaib Akhtar Pakistan 1997-2011 Beijing China 2022
Sourav Ganguly India 1992-2008 PyeongChang South Korea 2018
Virat Kohli India 2008-present Sochi Russia 2014
Vancouver Canada 2010
Top Five Fastest 1000 runs in T20 Torino
Salt Lake City
Italy
United States
2006
2002
1. Babar Azam
2. Virat Kohli Nagano Japan 1998
3. Aaron Finch Lillehammer Norway 1994
4. KL Rahul Albertville France 1992
5. Kevin Pietersen Calgary Canada 1988
 55 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Sarajevo Yugoslavia 1984 1982 Spain Italy

Lake Placid United States 1980 1978 Argentina Argentina
Innbruck Austria 1976

Winter Olympics Games Venues

Venues of Commonwealth Games Year Venue
Year City Country 1972 Japan
2022 Birmingham England 1976 Austria
2018 Gold Coast Australia 1980 United States
2014 Glasgow Scotland 1984 Yugoslavia
2010 Delhi India 1988 Canada
2006 Melbourne Australia 1992 France
2002 Manchester England 1994 Norway
1998 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 1998 Japan
1994 Victoria Canada 2002 United States
1990 Auckland New Zealand 2006 Italy
1986 Edinburgh Scotland 2010 Canada
1982 Brisbane Australia 2014 Russia
1978 Edmonton Canada 2018 South Korea
1974 Christchurch New Zealand 2022 China
1970 Edinburgh Scotland 2026 Italy
1966 Kingston Jamaica 2030 India
1962 Perth Australia
1958 Cardiff Wales Summer Olympics Games Venues
1954 Vancouver Canada Year Venue
1950 Auckland New Zealand 1972 Germany
1938 Sydney Australia 1976 Canada
1934 London England 1980 Soviet Union
1930 Hamilton Canada 1984 United States
1988 South Korea
1992 Spain
Asia Cricket Cup Venues and Winners 1996 United States
Venue Year Winner 2000 Australia
Sharjah, UAE 1984 India 2004 Greece
Sri Lanka 1986 Sri Lanka 2008 China
Bangladesh 1988 India 2012 United Kingdom
India 1990/91 India 2016 Brazil
Sharjah, UAE 1995 India 2020 Japan
Sri Lanka 1997 Sri Lanka 2024 France
Bangladesh 2000 Pakistan 2028 United States
Sri Lanka 2004 Sri Lanka
Pakistan 2008 Sri Lanka ICC Men’s T20 World Cup Venues and
Sri Lanka
Bangladesh
2010
2012
India
Pakistan
Winners
Year Venue Winner
Bangladesh 2014 Sri Lanka
2021 UAE, OMAN Australia
Bangladesh 2016 India
2016 India West Indies
UAE 2018 India
2014 Bangladesh Sri Lanka
UAE 2022 Sri Lanka
2012 Sri Lanka West Indies
2010 West Indies England
FIFA World Cup Venues and Winners 2009 England Pakistan
Year Venue Winner 2007 South Africa India
2026 Canada, Mexico, ---
United States Cricket World Cup Venues and Winners
2022 Qatar --- Year Venue Winner
2018 Russia France 1975 England West Indies
2014 Brazil Germany 1979 England West Indies
2010 South Africa Spain 1983 England, Wales India
2006 Germany Italy 1987 India, Pakistan Australia
2002 Jana, South Brazil 1992 Australia, New Zealand Pakistan
Korea 1996 India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
1998 France France England, Scotland, Ireland,
1994 United States Brazil 1999 Australia
Netherland, Wales
1990 Italy West Germany South Africa, Zimbabwe,
1986 Mexico Argentina 2003 Australia
Kenya
 56 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

2007
2011
West Indies
India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh
Australia
India
Magna Carta
Magna Carta also known as “Great Charter”. It was a charter of
2015 Australia, New Zealand Australia rights agreed by King John (England) on 15 June 1215. It was
2019 England, Wales England initially drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to reach
2023 India ---- consensus between the King and a group of rebels called
“Baron”. It granted certain human rights such as protection of
church rights, protection from illegal detention to barons.
Men’s Hockey World Cup winners list However, neither side stood by the terms of the agreement
Country Year resulting in dismantling of the charter and paving the way for
Pakistan 1971 the First Barons War. After King John’s death the Charter was
Netherlands 1973 reissued by his son Henry III in 1216. It is also known as “The
India 1975 Bible of English Constitution”.
Pakistan 1978
Pakistan
Australia
1982
1986
Renaissance
Renaissance refers to the period of rebirth or revival of learning
Netherlands 1990 in Europe starting from the 14th century.
Pakistan 1994 • The Statue of Liberty was gifted to the US by France on its
Netherlands 1998 independence on 28 October 1886. Statue was designed
Germany 2002 by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi.
Germany 2006 • China has built the world's largest air purifier tower to
Australia 2010 fight pollution in Xian, Shaanxi province. Its height is
Australia 2014 above 100 meters.
Belgium 2018

Miscellaneous Information
Quick facts (Sports): • Matthew Webb was the first person to swim across
● Willow tree’s wood is used to manufacture bat. Cricket British Chanel in 1875 in less than 22 hours. Arati Saha
ball is made of a core of cork. (Kolkata, India) was the first Asian woman to swim across
● Misbah ul Haq has been appointed as Head Coach of British Chanel on 29th September 1940. Bojan Das was
Pakistan International Cricket Team. Misbah ul Haq the first Asian to swim across British Chanel.
announced retirement from all formats on 14 May 2017 • Watergate Scandal 1972 led to the downfall of the then
after the West Indies tour. US President Richard Nixon.
● Younis Khan is the first Pakistani cricketer to score 10,000 • Sri Lanka had the world’s first female Prime Minister,
runs. He completed 10,000 scores in a match against Sirimavo Bandaranaike (1960-65). Benazir Bhutto was
West Indies. He played his last test match against West first female Prime Minister in Muslim World (1988-90).
Indies on 10 May 2017 at Roseau. He retired from ODI Margaret Thatcher was the first British female Prime
format on 11 November 2015. He retired from T20 in Minister (1979-90).
2009. • CTBT (1996), NPT (1969), SALT I & II (1972 and 1979) are
● Shahid Afridi retired from Test Cricket in July 2010, from nuclear disarmament treaties. Treaty on the prohibition
ODI in 2015 and he retired from T20 in February 2017 of nuclear weapons was passed on 7 July 2017 in the
● Taekwond: It has been developed in Korea over 20 United Nations with 122 votes in favor and 1 vote against.
centuries and it’s a form of free fighting in which the • Substantial Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17
players use their bare hands and feet. goals set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015
● The International Hockey Federation was established in to be achieved by 2030. It is built on the principle “leaving
1924. no one blind”. They emphasize on removing poverty and
inequality. The 17 goals are as follows:
Most-won FIFA World Cups Brazil 1. GOAL 1: No Poverty
It has won the FIFA World Cup five times. They won in the 2. GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
following years: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, and 2002. 3. GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
4. GOAL 4: Quality Education
5. GOAL 5: Gender Equality
6. GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
World History 7. GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
8. GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
Indus and Gandhara Civilization 10 GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
● Harappa was the capital of Indus Valley Civilization. 11. GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
Harappa is situated on the banks of the River Ravi. 12. GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
● Gandhara Civilization is situated in Peshawar basin. Taxila 13. GOAL 13: Climate Action
was its capital. 14. GOAL 14: Life below Water
● Gandhara people were settled on the banks of River Kabul. 15. GOAL 15: Life on Land
16. GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
Extra Facts •
17. GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal
Millennial Development Goals (MDGs)
● The Mesopotamian Civilization belongs to River Tigris and The goal was to achieve these 8 goals by 2015 and 191
Euphrates. countries from around the world and 22 organizations
 57 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

pledged to achieve these goals by 2015 and adopted ● Aso Rock Declaration on Development and Democracy:
them in 2000. Partnership for Peace and Prosperity in 2003 to make
i. Eradicate Poverty democracy stronger,
ii. Environment Sustainability ● Malta Declaration on Networking the Commonwealth for
iii. Reduce HIV Development in 2005 to create a platform to promote
iv. Universal education at primary level values that will ensure the safety and preservation of
v. Women empowerment and gender equality democracy in societies,
vi. To improve maternal health ● Kampala Declaration on Transforming Societies to
vii. To improve child mortality rates Achieve Political, Economic and Human Development in
viii. Developing partnerships globally for development 2007 demanded commitment from the commonwealth
• Greenwich Mean Time is situated in England. to achieve these goals,
• The Treaty of Accession of the Republic of Crimea to ● Climate Change Declaration in 2009 recognized climate
Russia was signed on 18 March 2014. change as a grave threat,
• Smallpox is the only disease that has been eradicated ● Declaration of the Port of Spain in 2009 recognizing the
from the world. important role of commonwealth partnerships,
• United Nations has recognised 6 working languages* ● Declaration on Young People in 2009 acknowledged key
role played by youth to promote commonwealth goals
and values,
Contemporary times ● Perth Declaration on Food Security Principles in 2011
Modern commonwealth was created in 1949 through the recognized the right of people to safe and healthy
London Declaration. Current commonwealth states are 54 in nutrition,
number. The symbolic head of the commonwealth is the ● Magampura Declaration on Commitment to Young
monarch of Britain (currently Queen Elizabeth II) and the chief People in 2013 recognized the importance of placing
executive is the secretary-general of the commonwealth young people at places where decision-making is being
(incumbent Patricia Scotland). done,
● Colombo Declaration on Sustainable, Inclusive and
Declarations Equitable Development in 2013 acknowledged that
growth can only be achieved through inclusivity,
Declarations come out during the meetings of the ● Commonwealth Cyber Declaration in 2018 promoted
commonwealth states biennially (every 2 years) at the usage of cyberspace for development of the
Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM). commonwealth,
These declarations are: ● Declaration on the Commonwealth Connectivity Agenda
● Declaration of 1944 post WWII to establish peace and for Trade and Investment in 2018 stressed on importance
security, of trade to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
● London Declaration 1949 new and modern ● USA Draft of Independence was written by Benjamin
commonwealth born where republic states could also Franklin.
become a part of it,
● Declaration of 1951 to eradicate poverty,
● Declaration of Commonwealth Principles in 1971 which
eliminated discrimination and racism,
● Lusaka Declaration on Racism and Racial Prejudice in Some Important Facts:
1979 which ensured equality of rights for all races, ● First Islamic flag was given to Hazrat Hamza which was
● Melbourne Declaration in 1981 ensured economic justice, white in colour.
● Goa Declaration on International Security in 1983 for ● Tallest flagpole in the world is situated in Jeddah, Saudi
preventing resorting to illegal force in resolving disputes, Arabia (560 feet tall).
● Nassau Declaration on World Order in 1985 recognized ● World’s oldest flag which is used in its actual design is
UN as a peace-making body, that of Denmark. The design was adopted in 1625. It is
● Vancouver Declaration on World Trade in 1987 advocated known as Dannebrog.
creation of multi-lateral trading systems to ensure better ● Soviet Union flag was a two-sided flag.
trade and development, ● Bhutan’s flag has a dragon on it.
● Langkawi Declaration on the Environment in 1989 to ● The Crescent on Pakistan flag represents Islam and the
ensure economic development while also taking care of five pointed star represent five pillars of Islam.
environment, ● The UK flag is called the Union Jack. It is said so because it
● Harare Declaration in 1991 plan of action for coming comprises crosses of three countries (England, Scotland,
century, Ireland under one sovereign state).
● Ottawa Declaration on Women and Structural ● The US flag has 50 stars which are representations of the
Adjustment in 1991 to ensure social equity, 50 states of the USA. Nickname for the US flag is Old
● Millbrook Commonwealth Action Program on the Harare Glory. The US flag also has 13 stripes which represent 13
Declaration in 1995 for fulfilling the tasks of Harare colonial states which declared independence from Great
Declaration, Britain and became part of the USA.
● Edinburgh Economic Declaration in 1997 to ensure ● Canadian flag bears Maple leaf on it.
development of small states to prevent uneven ● Chinese flag is of red colour. It consists of 4 small and 1
development, large star. Red is the manifestation of communist
● Fancourt Declaration on Globalization and People- revolution, 1 big golden star represents communism
Centered Development in 1999 to ensure the usage of whereas 4 small stars manifest four social classes.
globalization to eradicate poverty, ● Cambodian flag has a temple on it.
● Coolum Declaration on the Commonwealth in the 21st ● Red stripes in the Filipino flag are flown in times of war
Century – Continuity and Renewal in 2002 to uphold and blue stripes up in times of peace.
values of the commonwealth, ● Allah hu Akbar is repeated 22 times on Iranian flag.
 58 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

5. Nyarugusu in Kigoma, Tanzania

Old name of Taiwan Formosa 6. Jabalia, North of Gaza City on the Gaza Strip
Formosa means “beautiful island” and this name was given to 7. Zaatari in Northern Jordan
Taiwan by the Portuguese who discovered the island in 1542. 8. Yida in South Sudan

WORLD INFORMATION
9. Katumba in Tanzania
10. Pugnido in Western Ethiopia

Famous Paintings Famous Dances around the World

Dance Name Country
Painting Painter
Mona Lisa (also known as La Haka New Zealand war dance
Leonardo Da Vinci
Gioconda) Ote’a Tahiti traditional dance
The Scream Edvard Munch Bharata Natyam Classical Indian dance
Creation of Adam Michelangelo Zaouli Ivory Coast, no women are allowed when
Sunflowers Vincent Van Gogh this dance is performed. It is a cultural
Ceci N'est pas une Pipe Rene Magritte dance
Poppies in a Field Claude Monet Aigus Kenya and Tanzania. Traditional African
The Last Supper Leonardo Da Vinci dance. It os a competitive jumping dance
Dove of Peace Picasso
Le Moulin de la Galette Auguste Renoir Hopak Ukraine, Dance of Victory
Viennese Waltz Classic ballroom dance
Dragon Dance China, traditional dance performed
Signs and Symbols during festivals
Red Triangle Family Planning Flamenco Spain, performed on the beat of guitar
Red Cross Medical Aid Samba Brazil, popular dance of Rio Carnival
Red Light Stop, Danger, Emergency Kathak India
Green Light Line Clear Bhangra Pakistan/India
Black Flag Protest Jhumar Pakistan
Red Flag Revolution Khattak Dance Pakistan
Lotus Culture and Civilisation
Olive Branch Peace
Pandemics in the World
2019 – Coronavirus/COVID-19*
Dove Peace 2005 – HIV/AIDS
Pigeon Peace 1920 – Influenza
Socialist Maharaja Air India 1852 – Cholera
White Flag Truth 1346 – Bubonic Plague
*The coronavirus disease of 2019
Tricolour National flag of India
Union Jack Stars &
Stripes
National flag of UK World Demography
 Demography is the statistical study of human population.
Old glory National flag of USA Federation
 Population is the total number of inhabitants in an area at
Hammer & Sickle National flag of Russian a specific time.
 Life expectancy is the average period for which a person
Stock Exchanges in the World 
expects to live.
Annual number of deaths per thousand people in a region
Stock Exchange Country
is called its crude death rate.
New York Stock Exchange USA  Factors that affect population
NASDAQ USA  Death
Tokyo Stock Exchange Japan  Birth
Shanghai Stock Exchange China  Migration
Hong Kong Stock Exchange Hong Kong
London Stock Exchange Britain
Euronext European Union Top five Smallest States by population
Shenzhen Stock Exchange China State Population
Toronto Stock Exchange Canada Vatican City 801
Deutsche Boerse Germany Tuvalu 11792
Pakistan Stock Exchange(PSX) Pakistan Nauru 10824
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE/SENSEX) India Palau 18094
San Marino 33931
Refugee Camps in the World
1. Kutupalong in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
2. Bidi Bidi in Northwestern Uganda Largest Countries by Population
3. Dadaab Refugee Complex, Kenya # Country Population (2020)
4. Kakuma in Northwestern Kenya 1 China 1,439,323,776
 59 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES

2 India 1,380,004,385 Kinshasa Democratic Republic of 14,342,000

3 United States 331,002,651 Congo
4 Indonesia 273,523,615 Manila Philippines 13,923,000
5 Pakistan 220,892,340 Tianjin China 13,580,000
6 Brazil 212,559,417
7 Nigeria 206,139,589 Facts about population in different regions
8 Bangladesh 164,689,383  Europe has lowest birth rate while Africa has highest
9 Russia 145,934,462 birth rate.
10 Mexico 128,932,753  Sub-Saharan, Africa is the region which has highest
The Most Populous Cities of the World fertility rate but lowest life expectancy.
City Country Population  Life expectancy at birth is highest in Japan.
Tokyo Japan 37,393,000  Sweden has lowest infant mortality rate.
Delhi India 30,291,000  The Arabian Peninsula is the region where
Shanghai China 27,058,000 population density is very high.
Sao Paulo Brazil 22,043,000  Most populated city in Pakistan is Karachi.
Mexico City Mexico 21,782,000 Facts about South Asian population
Dhaka Bangladesh 21,006,000  The current population of South Asia is 1,956,178,121.
Cairo Egypt 20,901,000  South Asia makes up for 24.89% of the total world
Beijing China 20,463,000 population
Mumbai India 20,411,000  The median age of South Asian population is 27.6 years
Osaka Japan 19,165,000
New York City
Karachi
United States
Pakistan
18,804,000
16,094,000
Countries by Muslim Population:
1. Indonesia 2. Pakistan
Chongqing China 15,872,000 3. India 4. Bangladesh
Istanbul Turkey 15,190,000 5. Nigeria 6. Egypt
Buenos Aires Argentina 15,154,000 7. Iran 8. Turkey
Calcutta India 14,850,000 9. Algeria 10. Sudan
Lagos Nigeria 14,368,000 The smallest Islamic country is Maldives.