Microprocessor (01] Technical Series 202 2(New Course) Microprocessor Time: 3 hours Full Marks: 70 Instructions: (i) The marks are indicated in the right-hand margin. (ii) There are NINE questions in this paper. (ii) Attempt FIVE questions in all. (iv) Question No. 1 is compulsory. 1. Choose the correct answer of any seven of the following: 2 x 7 =14 (a)Intel 8085 is a (i) microprocessor (ii) microcontroller ii) Both (i) and (ii) (iv) None of the above. Ans.(i) Hints: Intel 8085 is a 8-bit microprocessor that was introduced in 1976. It was one of the first commercially successful microprocessors and was used in-a wide variety of applications, including personal computers, industrial controllers, and medical equipment. (b) On reset of 8051, stack pointer points to........: address. (@) OOH (i) 05H (iii) O7H (iv) OAH Ans. (iii) Hints: On reset, the stack pointer is initialized to 07H. This means that the stack will start at address 08H. The first seven addresses of memory are reserved for other purposes, such as the program counter and the data pointer. (c) When 8051 wakes up, then 0 x 00 is loaded to which register? (@) DPTR Gi) SP¥ (02) Microprocemaor - (iin) PC (Oa Ans. (ii) Hints The program counter is a register that stores th, addrens of the next instruction to be executed. When th, 405) wakes up, the program counter is initialized to 0, 00. This means that the microcontroller will star executing the program at address 0 x 00. (d) The register whose bits represent status flags is (i) DPTR (ii) SP (ii) PC (iv) PSW Ans.(iv) Hints: The PSW is a 8-bit register that stores variou flags, auch as the carry flag, the auxiliary carry flag, an: the zero flag. These flags are used to indicate the statu of the microcontroller and can be used to control the flow of the program. (e) MOVC is used in addressing mode. (i) direct (ii) indirect (iii) index (iv) None of the above Ans.(iii) Hints:Indexed addressing mode is a tyze ot iddyessin: mode that uses a register to store the address of th: operand that needs to be accessed. This allows the operan to be located anywhere in memory. (f) Device pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 of 8051 are used for connections to (i) external oscillator (ii) external power (iii) external peripheral (iv) external memory Ans.(i) Hints: The 8051 microcontroller has an internal oscillator but it can also be used with an external oscillator. TheMicroprocessor (03) Technical Series external oscillator provides a more accurate and stable clock signal. (g) Which of the 8051 variant architectures does not have ROM? (i) 8051 (ii) 8052 iii) 8031 (iv) None of the above Ans. (iii) Hints: The 8031 microcontroller is a low-cost version of the 8051 microcontroller. It has the same features as the 8051 microcontroller, except that it does not have ROM. (h) SWAP instruction works on ... register. () any (ii) accumulator (iii) general purpose (iv) special function Ans. (ii) Hints: The SWAP instruction interchanges the lower and upper nibbles of the accumulator register. This is equivalent to rotating the accumulator register by four bits. (i) 8051 can handle. (3 Gi) 4 Ans.(iii) : Hints: The five interrupt sources are: + Timer 0 overflow interrupt + External interrupt 0 + Timer 1 overflow interrupt + External interrupt 1 + Serial interrupt (j) Name the architecture and the instruction set for microcontroller. (i) von-Neumann architecture with CISC instruction set (i) Harvard architecture with CISC instruction set terrupt sources. iii) 5 (iv) 6—_ ‘Microprocessor (04) ‘Technical Series y (iii) von-Neumann architecture RISC instruction set (iv)Harvard architecure with RISC instruction set Ans.(iv) Hints: Harvard architecture is a computer architecture that has separate memory and instruction spaces for data and programs. This allows the microcontroller to access data and instructions simultaneously, which can improve Performance. 2.(a)Differentiate between Microprocessor and Microcontroller. Also list some of the popular microprocessors and microcontrollers, Ans. Characteristic [Microprocessor Microcontroller Complexity More complex Less complex Cost More expensive Less expensive Power Higher power Lower power consumption consumption 2onsumption Embedded systems such as Personalcomputers, | 7 E industrial controllers, medical Applications | servers, workstations, . m equipment. and consumer ste. electronics, Popular microprocessors Intel Core i8, i5, 17, and i9 AMD Ryzen 3, 5, 7, and 9 Apple M1 and M2 Popular microcontroll. Microchip PIC18F4550 Atmel ATmega328P Texas Instruments MSP430G2553 STMicroelectronics STM32F103C8T6 (b) What is word size of a processor? How is this relatedMicroproceesor (05) Technical Series to ALU size, Memory size, Register size and Bus size? Explain. Ans. The word size of a processor is the number of bits that it can process at a time. It is typically related to the ALU size, memory size, register size, and bus size in the following ways: + ALU size: The ALU size is typically the same as the word size. This means that the ALU can perform operations on two operands that are the same size as the word size. + Memory size: The memory size is typically divisible by the word size. This means that the memory can store data in word-sized chunks. + Register size: The register size is typically the same as the word size. This means that the registers can store data in word-sized chunks. + Bus size: The bus size is typically the same as the word size. This means that the bus can transfer data in word- sized chunks. For example, a 32-bit processor would have a 32-bit ALU, 32-bit registers, a 32-bit bus, and a memory size that is divisible by 32. The word size of a processor is an important factor in determining its performance. A larger word size allows the processor to process more data at a time and to perform more complex operations. However, a larger word size also requires more complex and expensive hardware. (c) Comment on the benefit of having separate program and data memory in the typical microcontroller architecture. Ans. There are several benefits to having separate program and data memory ina typical microcontroller architecture:a. J = Microprocessot {06} Technical Serie, * Increased performance: When the program and | memory are separate, the microcontroller can AcceRs ther, simultaneously. This can improve performance, especial] for applications that require a lot of memory access, * Reduced power consumption: When the Program an, data memory are separate, the microcontroller CaN pow. down one memory bank while it is accessing the Other This can reduce power consumption. * Improved security: When the program and dat; memory are separate, it is more difficult for attackers ;, access and modify program code. This can improve for applications that handle sensitive data. In addition to these benefits, having Separate prograr and data memory can also make it easier to design an: develop microcontroller applications, For example, th: Programmer can separate the program code and data int different memory banks, which can make the code mor organized and easier to read and maintain 3. (a) What make any system embed:led? Give example: of application areas of embedded systems. Writ: three key characteristics of an embedded system Ans. An embedded system is a computer system that designed to perform a specific task or set of tasks within larger system. Embedd.d systems are often found devices that we use every day, such as cars, applianc: and smartphones. i There are a number of factors that make a syst’ embedded, including: med ! * Specific purpose: Embedded systems are oe Perform a specific task or set of tasks. For oe i embedded system in a microwave oven 18 desig control the cooking process. s are olte! * Resource constraints: Embedded oye nave limite’ Tesource-constrained, meaning that they Securit,Microprocessor {o7] Technical Series memory and processing powcr. This is because they are designed to be small and efficient. Real-time operation: Embedded systems often need to operate in real time, meaning that they need to respond to events within a certain amount of time. For example, the embedded system in a car needs to be able to respond to brake input quickly in order to prevent accidents. Here are some examples of application areas of embedded systems: + Consumer electronics: Smartphones, tablets, laptops, TVs, gaming consoles, and other consumer electronics devices all contain embedded systems. + Automotive: Cars, trucks, and buses all contain embedded systems to control the engine, brakes, transmission, and other systems. Industrial automation: Embedded systems are used in industrial automation to control robots, production lines, and other equipment. Medical devices: Embedded systems are used in medical devices such as pacemakers, insulin pumps, and MRI machines. + Aerospace and defense: Embedded systems are used in aircraft, spacecraft, and military equipment. Here are three key characteristics of an embedded system: Specially designed for a specific purpose or set of tasks: Embedded systems are designed to perform a specific task or set of tasks, and they are not typically as general- purpose as personal computers. + Resource-constrained: Embedded systems often have limited resources, such as memory and processing power. This is because they are designed to be small and efficient. Real-time operation: Embedded systems often need to operate in real time, meaning that they need to respond to events within a certain amount of time. Embedded systems are a critical part of many modern devices and systems. They are responsible for controlling a wide range of functions, from the simple to the complex.