Introduction to

Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 In this lecture
• Topics to be Covered:
• What is Virtualization?
• Why Virtualization?
• How Virtualization is done?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 What is Virtualization?

• Pretty old but to critical to understand

• A system pretends to be two or more
• Simulation of hardware devices or features using software
• Used to create virtual version of something (like network)

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Why Virtualization?

• Best use of resources

• Flexibility and scalability
• Increased agility
• Disaster Recovery
• Increased Security
• Cost saving
 How Virtualization

• Achieved through the use of virtualization software called Hypervisor

• Hypervisor creates virtualized versions of physical resources
• Hypervisor allocates these resources to virtual machines (VMs)
• VM operates as if it were a physical machine
• Run different applications, operating systems, and services using VMs
 Benefits of
Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Benefits of Virtualization
• Topics to be Covered:
• Resource utilization
• Scalability and flexibility
• Improved disaster recovery and business continuity
• Increased security

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Resource Utilization

• Create virtualized versions of physical resources

• Use the same hardware more effectively
• Leading to better utilization of resources
 Scalability and flexibility

• Easier to scale resources up or down

as needed
• No need to make physical changes to
the underlying infrastructure
 Improved Disaster Recovery and Business
Continuity
• Create replicas of their production
environment
• Quickly activated in the event of a
disaster
• Does not affects the end user
 Increased Security

• Isolate and secure sensitive applications

and data
• It becomes harder for malicious actors to
access them
• Minimal to no chances of virus attack or
security breach
 Types of Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Types of Virtualization
• Topics to be Covered:
• Server Virtualization
• Desktop Virtualization
• Application Virtualization
• Storage Virtualization
• Network Virtualization
• Hardware Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Server Virtualization

• Allows multiple virtual servers

to run on a single physical
server
• By sharing the underlying
hardware resources
 Desktop Virtualization

• Multiple virtual desktops to run

on a single physical machine

• Each user have his separate

desktop environment
 Application Virtualization

• Allows applications to run on a

virtualized operating system
• Separate from the host OS
 Storage Virtualization

• Pools storage resources from

multiple physical devices into a
single virtual storage device

• Making it easier to manage

storage and improve utilization
 Network Virtualization

• Creates virtualized versions of

physical network devices as
such switches and routers
• Multiple virtual networks to
run on a single physical
network
 Hardware Virtualization

• Creates virtualized versions of

physical hardware devices, such
as GPUs
• Allows multiple virtual devices
to run on a single physical device
 Application level
Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Application Virtualization

• Topics to be Covered:
• What is Application Virtualization?
• Benefits of Application Virtualization
• Limitations of Application Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 What is Application Virtualization?
• Application level Virtualization is a technique in which client applications
are hosted remotely instead of installing them on clients local devices.
• In this type of technology, the local devices provide physical resources like
CPU and RAM that may be required to run the software, but nothing is
installed locally on the device itself.
• This technology separates the application from the underlying OS that is
execution of application is independent of OS
• In this environment, the application actually runs remotely but virtually
runs locally.
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
 Application level Virtualization

Tablet -PC Server

Laptop-user

PC-user

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

Benefits of Application Virtualization
• Reduce cost
• Enable Cross Platform Operations: (Windows applications run on LINUX and
vice versa)
• Simplified Management
• Application Virtualization allows an IT admin to manage and maintain
applications across an organization rather than manually installing
applications to every user’s machine.
• Security and Stability Improved by isolating the application from the OS.
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Benefits of Application Virtualization

• Prevent conflicts with other Virtualized Apps

• Permits users to run multiple App Instances:

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

Limitations of Application Virtualization
• Single Point of Failure: launching all Apps on servers increases the risk of
failure.
• Bandwidth Requirements: sufficient bandwidth required for Streaming Apps to
end-users
• Problematic Applications: Some Apps need system drivers and don’t work as
virtualized applications.
• High Initial Investment: Initially migrating data to the Data Center or
cloud
• Challenging Quick Scalability: to ensure all the requisite software, enough
storage, security and resource availability is a tedious job.

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

Solutions of Application
Virtualization
 Solutions of Application Virtualization

• Different vendors provide methods or solutions to achieve Applications

Virtualization.
• VMware Thin App
• Microsoft App-V
• Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops
• Parallel Remote Application Server (RAS)
 Microsoft App-V
• On Remote host,
• Virtualization App-V server components are required to be installed.
• App-V server components include
• App-V Management server,
• App-V Sequencer
• App-V Streaming Server
• Virtual Applications are installed on centrally managed server
• The App-V Sequencer converts application data into an App-V package for virtualized
delivery
• The package can be streamed down to the clients on demand and cached locally
 Microsoft App-V

• On Client machine,
• App-V client is installed that runs virtualized applications on user devices
• The App-V client presents a list of applications to the end-users to which that
user has access
 App-V Architecture

APP-V
Sequencer
APP-V
Management Server

App-V Client

App-V Client
APP-V
Streaming Server

App-V client
Comparison of Desktop and
Application Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Comparison

Desktop Virtualization Application Virtualization

• It is the practice of hosting a • Application Virtualization is a
Desktop Operating system and practice of hosting Applications
applications within a Virtual Machine only on remote host or server.
on a centralized server or cloud
• In this technique, Applications are
• In this technique, Desktop OS and
decoupled from a hardware
Applications are decoupled from a
system that access it
hardware system that access it
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
 Comparison

Desktop Virtualization Application Virtualization

• Desktop runs as Virtual Machines in a • Applications actually runs on secure
secure Data center server in Data center
• Each VM is called as Virtual desktop • Each Application is called as Virtual
application
• Different vendors Virtual desktops can • Different vendors applications can be
be hosted on virtual server to access. hosted on remote server to run
• The users may be connected from • The users may be connected from
anywhere, anytime to the central server anywhere, anytime to the central server
and access Virtual desktop and runs applications

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Comparison

Desktop Virtualization Application Virtualization

• The user may be a Desktop PC, • The user may be a Desktop PC,
laptop, thin client or mobile laptop, thin client or mobile

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Comparison

Desktop Virtualization Application Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Software Define Data
center SDDC

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Software Define Data center SDDC

• Topics to be Covered:
• What is Data Center ?
• What is Software Define Data center SDDC?
• Component of SDDC?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 What is Data Center?

• A data center is a place that gives people access to apps and

data through a complicated network of computer and storage systems

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Software define Data center( SDDC)?

• Keeping your data center up-to-

date with the latest technology means using software-based components.
• Provide different software to manage and automate the environment
• Better way of controlling the data Center
• Reduced it complexity
• Centralized management

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Software define Data center( SDDC)??

• ?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Component of SDDC?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Purpose of SDDC?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Purpose of SDDC?

Abstraction Abstraction of underling hardware (Physical CPU, RAM, Network)

Pooling Pooling of resources

Automate the delivery of IT services

Automation
 Abstraction

• In virtualization, abstraction refers to the process of hiding the

underlying physical hardware from the user. This allows the user to
view and interact with the resources as if they were dedicated to
them, even though they are actually sharing resources with other
users or virtual machines.

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Pooling of resources

•
In virtualization, pooling refers to the grouping together of physical
resources, such as CPU, memory, storage, and network
bandwidth, so that they can be shared by multiple virtual machines.
This allows organizations to improve the utilization of their IT
infrastructure and reduce costs.

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Automation
• Automatically manage and control virtualized resources using software
tools
• Involves tasks like provisioning, configuration, scaling, monitoring, and
maintenance of virtualized environments
• Improve efficiency, reduce human errors, and enable rapid deployment and
scaling

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Automation...
• Finding error in a server in datacenter with the help of vCenter Server will
be lot easier if compared to Physical server

• Making copies of severs using virtual tools will be lot easier as compared to
physical servers which will cost more and will take more time to do

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Week 4

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Architecture of Server
Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Architecture of Server
Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Architecture of Server Virtualization

• Topics to be Covered:
• The design of a physical data center. ?
• The design of a virtual data center.?
• Resource sharing ?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 The design of a Virtual datacenter?

• We can use a Virtual Data Center to get several virtual machines running on minimal hardware..

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Architecture of Server Virtualization

• Topics to be Covered:
• The design of a physical data center. ?
• The design of a virtual data center.?
• Resource sharing ?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 The design of a physical data cent?

• In a physical data center, there are physical servers running.

• APP and Operating system are running on physical server
• An Ethernet switch is linked up with l2 and l3 switches, plus IP-
based storage.

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 The design of a physical data cent?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Architecture of Server
Virtualization

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Architecture of Server Virtualization

• Topics to be Covered:
• The design of a physical data center. ?
• The design of a virtual data center.?
• Resource sharing

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Resource Sharing Physical Server?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Resource Sharing Virtual data center?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Resource Sharing Virtual data center?

• CPU
• Maximum number of vCPU on VM depends on
• number of logical CPU on the physical host
• Type of OS on VM,
• VMware supports up to 128 vCPU on one VM

• Memory
• Maximum number of virtual memory on VM depends on
• Maximum memory available on Physical host
• Type of OS on VM
• VMware supports up to 6TB Virtual memory on one VM

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Resource Sharing Virtual data center?

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Resource Sharing Virtual data center?
• VM support up to 10 VNIC

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Week 5

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Virtualization
Technologies

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Architecture of Server Virtualization

• Topics to be Covered:
• VMware vSphere ?
• ESXI

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 VMware vSphere?

• VMware is vendor who provide software's for server virtualization

• Version 6.7 vSphere (Current)

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Component of Vsphere

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 ESXI

• ESXI is Hypervisor
• A hypervisor allows one host computer to support multiple guest VMs by
virtually sharing its resources, such as memory and processing.
• Direct install on physical server as OS
• Assigned resources from physical server to VM

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 ESXI

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Virtualization
Technologies

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Virtual Machine

• Topics to be Covered:
• VMware vSphere ?
• ESXI
• Virtual Machine

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Virtual Machine

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 What is Virtual Machine

• It is virtual Server
• Provide same function like Physical Server but you do not need hardware for
VM
• Use Virtual resources (VCPU, vMem, vNic,vDisk)

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Virtual Machine

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Virtualization
Technologies

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 vCenter

• Topics to be Covered:
• VMware vSphere ?
• ESXI
• Virtual Machine
• VCenter Server

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 vCenter

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 What is vCenter Server ?

• Manage entire Virtualization Data Center

• Before Virtualization (Manually visit Data Center )
• Management consoles
• It also perform day to day task for example take snap shot etc

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 vCenter Server

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Week 6

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Hypervisor

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Hypervisor
• Topics to be Covered:
• A software layer
• Creates and manages virtual machines (VMs)
• Acts as a virtualization layer b/w the physical
hardware and (VMs)
• Allows multiple VMs to share the underlying
hardware resources of Host

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Hypervisor

• Allows multiple operating systems to

run on a single physical server
• Improving the utilization and
flexibility of the underlying hardware
resources
 Components of Hypervisor
• Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM):
Core component, manages Virtual Machines
• Virtual Devices:
NICs, virtual hard drives, and virtual switches used to provide virtual
versions of physical devices
• Virtual Machine Executables (VMEs):
Virtual versions of operating systems that run on virtual machines
• Drivers:
Provide access to the physical hardware resources of a host device
 Components of Hypervisor
• Management Interface:
Interface that allows administrators to create, manage, and monitor virtual
machines (VMs)

• Virtual Machine File System (VMFS):

Stores virtual machines and their configuration files

It was a general overview of the Hypervisor structure it may

vary from type to type
 Types of Hypervisors

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Types of Hypervisors
There are two main types of hypervisors:
• Type 1:
-also known as bare-metal hypervisors
-run directly on the host's physical hardware
• Type 2:
-also known as Hosted Hypervisor
-run as an application on a host operating
system

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Type 1 Hypervisor

• Type 1 or bare-metal hypervisors, are virtualization

software
• Runs on host's physical hardware.
• Not dependent on any host operating system
• Controls the underlying hardware resources of host
• Provides virtualized environments for guest
operating systems
 Examples of Type 1 Hypervisor
• VMware vSphere
-complete virtualization solution for data centers
-used in large enterprise environments and cloud infrastructures
• Microsoft Hyper-V
-provides virtualization support for Windows Server operating systems
-widely used in enterprise environments with a strong Microsoft
technology presence.
• Citrix XenServer
-has a strong presence in the financial services and healthcare industries
 Type 2 Hypervisor
• Commonly used for software development,
testing, and personal desktop virtualization
• Used where a higher level of performance is
not as critical
• Less secure than Type 1 hypervisors
• Vulnerable to attacks on the host operating
system
 Examples of Type 2 Hypervisor

• Oracle VirtualBox
-supports a wide range of host and guest operating systems
-used for personal virtualization, software testing, and development

• VMware Workstation
-commercial hypervisor
-supports multiple operating systems, snapshots and cloning of virtual machines
-support for virtualized hardware such as virtualized GPUs and virtualized USB
devices.
 Week 7

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Type 2 hypervisor
Wmware workstation

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Type 2 hypervisor
Creating Virtual Machine
• Topics to be Covered:
What is Type 2 Hypervisor
Type of Type 2 Hypervisor

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Type 2 Hypervisor

• It run at top of OS
• First you install OS and top of OS you install Wmware workstation / Wmw
are fusion as application
• Using that application you create multiple VM

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Type 2 Hypervisor
• VMware Fusion
• Workstation
• VirtualBox

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 VMware Fusion:
• This is the company’s MacOS-focused offering, which lets Mac users run a
large range of guest operating systems.
• Run window application in Mac OS

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Workstation:
• VMware’s Linux- and Windows-focused platform comes in two flavors
• Pro:which is a paid version, The Pro version allows users to run multiple operating
systems on a single PC
• Player, which is free for personal use, Player only supports a single guest OS

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 VirtualBox
• A Type 2 hypervisor running on Linux, Mac OS, and Windows operating
systems.

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Type 2 hypervisor
Wmware workstation

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Lab:
Creating Virtual Machine on Vmware
Workstation
• Topics to be Covered:
Interface
Create VM

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Interface

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Interface

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Create VM

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Create VM

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Create VM

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Create VM

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services

 Create VM

CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services