Injibara University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Information Technology

Mobile Application Developments

Chapter One
Mobile Computing

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 Chapter outlines
▪ Introduction about android
▪ Future of android
▪ Mobile computing
▪ Characteristics of mobile computing
▪ Elements of mobile computing
▪ Mobile Applications
▪ Impact of Mobile Apps on various domains
▪ Mobile application platforms
▪ Features of android development environment
▪ Android development requirements
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▪ Mobile Application Architecture
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 Mobile computing

▪ Mobile computing:- are devices that can be easily moveable

and their computing capabilities may be used while they are
being moved.
▪ Mobile computing is not only limited to mobile phones, but
there are various gadgets available in the market that are built on
a platform to support mobile computing. They are usually
classified in the following categories:
▪ Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
▪ Smartphones
▪ Tablet PC and iPads

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 Introduction to mobile computing

▪ Personal Digital Assistant (PDA):The main purpose of this device

is to act as an electronic organizer or day planner that is portable,
easy to use and capable of sharing information with your computer
systems.
▪ PDA is an extension of the PC, not a replacement. These systems are
capable of sharing information with a computer system through a
process or service known as synchronization.
▪ Both devices will access each other to check for changes or updates
in the individual devices.

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 Introduction to mobile computing

▪ Smartphones: This kind of phone combines the features of a PDA

with that of a mobile phone or camera phone.
▪ Smartphones have the capability to run multiple programs
concurrently.
▪ These phones include high-resolution touch screens, web browsers
that can access and properly display standard web pages rather than
just mobile-optimized sites, and high-speed data access via Wi-Fi
and high speed cellular broadband.

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 Introduction to mobile computing

▪ Tablet PC and iPads: This mobile device is larger than a mobile

phone or a PDA and integrates into a touch screen and is operated
using touch sensitive motions on the screen.
▪ They are often controlled by a pen or by the touch of a finger. They
are usually in slate form and are light in weight.
Examples would include ipads, Galaxy Tabs, Blackberry Playbooks
etc.

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 Characteristics of mobile computing

• User mobility: User should be able to move from one physical

location to another location without losing service
• Network mobility: devices should support using of the same
service while move from one network to another network.
• Device mobility: User should be able to move from one device
to another and use same service
• Service mobility: User should be able to move from one service
to another.

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 Elements of mobile computing

1. Mobile Communication: is the communication infrastructure

set in place, including wireless network infrastructure,
protocols, data formats, bandwidths, and portals necessary to
ensure seamless connectivity and communication.

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 Elements of mobile computing

2. Mobile Hardware: The hardware is the physical parts of the

mobile computing that supporting for wireless connectivity and
movability.

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 Elements of mobile computing

3. Mobile Software: includes operating system and applications

that can run on laptop, smartphone etc.
• It may be Android or iOS and different applications that are
running on a device.
• There are a variety of methodologies, techniques,
frameworks, and tools that are used in developing software
for mobile systems.

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 Mobile Applications

• Because as the revolution in the consumer space toward

mobility, most analysts have identified that mobile devices are
the major gateways to Internet as compared to desktop browsers

• Native mobile apps are designed to run on a specific mobile

platform, sometimes specific mobile operating system and
supported hardware.

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 Mobile Applications

• Mobile apps are shaping user experiences and are providing

real-time information and offer more engaging experiences for
the users.

• Mobility based digital strategy considers various things such as

user experience, performance, interactivity, device form factors,
device limitations, location needs and personalization.

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 Impact of Mobile Apps on various domains

• Banking industry: Mobile apps enable convenient ways to

carry out transactions such as account balance, payment,
localized alerts, branch locator, and payment coupons.

• Logistics: It is easier to track shipments, get updates, manage

warehouse, and fleet using mobile apps.

• Healthcare: Mobile apps can easily connect patients, doctors

and insurance providers as well as provide wellness
management solutions.
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 Mobile application platforms

Android: Android offers a unified approach to application

development for mobile devices.
• These android applications should be able to run on different
devices powered by Android.

iOS: The development on iOS is using C programming language

and the applications run on devices powered by apple
• iOS supports many features such as iMessage, iCloud, Siri and the
development requirements iOS SDK (XCode), iOS Simulator,
XCode IDE
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 Android

• Android offers a unified approach to application development

for mobile devices.

• These android applications should be able to run on different

devices powered by Android.

• Initially Google launched a first version of Android platform

onwards Google released a lot of android versions under a code
name, such as Apple Pie, Banana Bread, Cupcake, Donut,
Éclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Jellybean, Kitkat, etc. and made a
lot of changes and additions to the android platform
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 Android versions

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 Android versions

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 Features of android development environment
➢ It support a connectivity for GSM, CDMA, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.
for telephony or data transfer.

➢ It will allow to make or receive a calls / SMS messages and send or

retrieve a data across mobile networks

➢ Android have a multiple APIs to support a location-based services

such as GPS

➢ Data storage related activities by using light weight database

SQLite.

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 Features of android development environment
➢ It have a wide range of media supports like AVI, MKV, MPEG4
etc. to play or record variety of audio / video and having a different
image formats like JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, MP3, etc.

➢ It has an extensive support for multimedia hardware control to

perform playback or recording using camera and microphone

➢ It has an integrated open source webkit layout based web browser

to support HTML5, CSS3.

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 Future of android

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 Android platform

• Android is an open-source mobile development platform that is

based on Java and is maintained by Google.

• The key features supported by Android are SQLite based light-

weight storage, SMS and MMS messaging, multi-lingual
support, mobile browser, multitasking, voice features, external
storage and such.

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 Android development requirements

• Android SDK libraries

• Emulator

• IDE.

• Android testing APIs (emulator) or real phone.

Finally we can deploy Android apps to Google Play store.

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 Android versions and compatibility

• Android is designed to run on many different types of devices,

from phones to tablets.

• In order for our app to be successful on all these devices, it

should tolerate some feature variability and provide a flexible
user interface that adapts to different screen configurations.

• Each device must pass the Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) in

order to be considered compatible.

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 Advantages of Android

✓Android is largely supported by Google allowing you to use

various services of Google.

✓Android is an open source and runs on mobile devices,

tablets etc.

✓It is multitasking that means you can run many applications

at the same time. For example, you can browse Facebook
while listening the song.

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Cont..
✓The Android operating system is available on mobile phones
from various manufacturers like Samsung, Motorola, HTC,
Sony Ericsson etc.

✓Using Android phone, you can easily check e-mail from Gmail
if your Gmail account is integrated with Google Services.

✓User can easily access a variety of settings quickly and easily.

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 Disadvantages of Android
✓Android requires continuous Internet connection if you are
using Google services.
✓Android shows error & forces to close the large apps/games,
which is very annoying.
✓It takes large amount of mobile data if a large number of
background processes are running.
✓It increases the usage of RAM and decreases battery
performance when many processes are running in the
background.

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 Mobile Application Architecture

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 Mobile Application Architecture

• Presentation layer: This layer contains the user oriented

functionality responsible for managing user interaction with the
system, and generally consists of components that provide a
common bridge into the core business logic encapsulated in the
business layer.

• Business layer: This layer implements the core functionality of

the system, and encapsulates the relevant business logic. It
generally consists of components, some of which may expose
service interfaces that other callers can use.
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 Mobile Application Architecture

• Data layer: This layer provides access to data hosted within the
boundaries of the system, and data exposed by other networked
systems; perhaps accessed through services.

• The data layer exposes generic interfaces that the components in

the business layer can consume.

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Chapter summery

1. Discuses about Mobile Application Architecture?

2. The basic different between android and iOS?

3. Discuses about Elements of mobile computing?

4. Discus about advantage dis advantage and use of android ?

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Cont.…

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