Automation of dry-wet dust collection to support

Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan and monitoring of IoT

DR. Ravi Kumar Chandu CH. Akshaya G. V. L. Harsha
Professor Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering CMR Engineering College CMR Engineering College
CMR Engineering College Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India
Hyderabad, India [email protected] [email protected]
@cmrec.ac.in

K. Anush Varma MD. Huzaif

Computer Science and Engineering ss
Computer Science and Engineering
CMR Engineering College CMR Engineering College
Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— used in homes and small office spaces simplifying waste

disposal.
This project presents a Smart Dustbin that uses Arduino-based
technology to classify the wastes into dry or wet forms This system supports better recycling processes reduces
automatically. This is done by using a Soil Moisture Sensor for landfill waste, and contributes to a greener future. The waste
detecting moisture levels to categorize the waste along with an disposal can be categorized into wet and dry easily based on
Ultrasonic Sensor which opens the lid without a touch if a hand the inputs and by checking the moisture percentage of that
is sensed. The Servo motor ensures very smooth opening and waste when it is kept on the soil moisture sensor. While
closing of the lid preventing any leakage of odors from the bin. processing the waste proper recycling is done and getting a
The whole operation is controlled by an Arduino more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to waste
Microcontroller which makes it possible to efficiently coordinate management.
all the components of the system. An LCD Display provides real-
time status and sensor reading updates. This solution enhances II. RELATED WORK
and supports waste segregation, recycling, etc. This is ideal for
homes and small businesses. Moisture level detection by a Soil
Moisture Sensor classifies waste while a hand is sensed by the A. Survey on Smart Garbage Collection Bin using IOT
Ultrasonic Sensor and the lid opens, making it touch-free. The
Servo motor ensures that the lid opens and closes smoothly to
prevent the escape of odors. The whole system operates under The Smart Garbage Collection Bin leverages IoT, sensors, and
an Arduino Microcontroller which enables all the components a dashboard to monitor waste levels in real-time. When a bin
to work optimally. The updating is done in real-time by an LCD reaches its threshold, it automatically notifies authorities via
on the status and sensor readings. email or messaging apps for prompt collection. Officials can
remotely track bin status and receive alerts if bins remain full
Keywords—Soil Moisture sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino for too long. This system optimizes waste collection
Microcontroller, Servo motor, LCD display, Wet and Dry bins. schedules, reducing costs and environmental impact.
Escalation notifications ensure timely action and improved
I. INTRODUCTION accountability[1].
B. Survey on Smart Garbage Management System
The growing urban population highlights the need for waste
management. A major challenge is waste segregation which is
important for recycling. This project introduces a Smar With rapid population growth, garbage management has
Dustbin that categorizes waste as dry or wet using Arduino. A become one of the primary concerns, thereby leading to
Soil Moisture Sensor detects moisture levels to classify waste, unhealthy conditions and the spread of diseases. This smart
ensuring proper segregation at the source. An Ultrasonic garbage management system, using sensors and GSM
Sensor enables touchless operation, detecting objects and technology, monitors the levels in the bins and sends out
opening the lid automatically for hygiene and convenience. A notifications to authorities for timely collection. A
Servo Motor controls the lid’s movement, ensuring smooth microcontroller allows sensors to communicate with the
and secure operation while preventing odor leakage. GSM module, and the GUI dashboard can be monitored from
An LCD provides real-time updates on sensor readings, a remote location.
power levels, and operational status, keeping users informed. Escalation alerts bring accountability and negate false
The system is powered by an Arduino board, with reliable reporting. The system optimizes collection schedules,
performance. By integrating IoT and automation, the Smart reduces trips, and lowers operational costs. Solar panels
Dustbin enhances waste management efficiency, reduces enhance sustainability by lowering energy consumption [2].
manual effort, and promotes a cleaner environment. It can be

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

C. Survey on Smart Garbage Management System B. Modules

It proposes a garbage system that addresses the issue of The modules used in the Automation of dry-wet dust
garbage flow in public bins by using sensors. collection to support Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan and
It uses an IR sensor to detect the level of waste in the bin. The monitoring of IoT are:
microcontroller along with the GSM system allows real-time
notifications. A pH sensor is used to separate degradable and  Soil Moisture Sensor
non-degradable waste simultaneously. It ensures timely  Ultrasonic Sensor
garbage collection and efficient waste segregation [3].  Arduino Base Board
 Servo Motor
D. Automation of Smart waste management using IOT  LCD Display

These modules are very important for segregating waste

Its main motto is to cover all the urban and rural areas of the
easily and efficiently into different waste bins provided. But
country by using IOT devices like smartphones and other
in this case, we will be using a wet bin for wet waste and a
sensors. Embedded systems are used for effective use of dry
dry bin for dry waste [6].
and wet waste collection. The input is taken from signals
which are managed by the microcontroller using RF
technology which is used to rotate a conveyor belt that C. Power supply
collects waste and sends it to underground bins for
segregation [4].
The system requires a regulated power supply for steady
and effective working. A step-down transformer is used to
III. DESIGN reduce the high AC voltage to lower AC voltage. The lower
AC voltage is passed through the rectifier which converts
AC to pulsating DC. The pulsating DC may contain
Our project can be implemented for homes and may also fluctuation and to counter these fluctuations filter is used.
include small industries wherein, the demanded resource
The role of a filter capacitor is to remove ripples and
for the implementer or the designer is provided.
produce a smooth DC output. A voltage regulator is used to
Installation includes tech bins, a wooden slab for dry waste
ensure the output remains 5V of DC power. The proper
& wet waste, and an IoT module to instruct the project.
power regulation enhances the reliability, safety, and
The slab is fixed with a soil sensor that detects the wetness
efficiency of the Smart Dustbin, thereby providing smooth
of the waste. The ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the
operations in waste management [7].
waste that is about to be segregated and separated in the
bin. The bins have a wet bin on one side and has dry bin
on the other side. The servo motor is connected to a
wooden slab or a small plank which moves left or right
based on the code given [5].
A. Block Diagram

IV. WORKING

The paper overlooks the automated waste segregation for

disposal and recycling. It addresses waste by classifying
waste as dry or wet using a soil moisture sensor, ultrasonic
sensor, servo motor, and Arduino technology [8].
A. Role of IOT

The IoT enhances the automation, efficiency, and

intelligence of the Smart Dustbin by enabling real-time
monitoring and management. Sensors detect waste type
and fill levels, while a microcontroller processes this data
for automated operation. Touchless operation using
ultrasonic sensors improves hygiene and user
convenience. Real-time data display on an LCD ensures
user awareness of the bin’s status.
 IoT-based alerts optimize waste collection, reducing 2) Ultrasonic Sensor: The sensor is fixed to the
overflow and inefficiencies. The system supports eco- waste container to monitor the trash inside. The
friendly waste segregation, minimizing landfill waste. sensor has four pins which are connected to the
Smart power management ensures energy-efficient Arduino board
operation. IoT integration makes waste disposal smarter,
cleaner, and more sustainable [9]. This sensor is used in requiring distance
measurement or object detection. The module
features two components resembling eyes on the
front, akin to a robot, constituting the ultrasonic
1) Automated Waste Segregation: The IOT-driven transmitter and receiver. The transmitter emits a
soil moisture sensors analyze waste moisture supersonic wave into the air, and when this wave
levels, automatically categorizing it as dry or wet encounters any material, it reflects toward the
for better recycling. sensor. The ultrasonic receiver module detects
this reflected wave [11], as depicted in the image
below
2) Touchless Operation: The Ultrasonic sensors
detect objects and enable automatic lid opening,
allowing hands-free waste disposal. It minimizes
human contact with waste and improves hygiene.

3) Real-Time Monitoring: The LCD display shows

real-time updates on waste levels, operational
status, and system alerts. It also shows the
moisture percentage of the waste which is
obtained during the throwing of waste.

4) Smart Power Management: The Arduino system

optimizes power consumption and enables low- 3) Servo Motor: The motor acts as an actuator that
energy operations. controls the automatic lid movement enabling
safe and secured operation while preventing odor
leakage. The motor speed should be less so that
the soil moisture sensor can detect the waste
B. Components easily. It is a very high-precision motor and can
rotate with high accuracy. It depends on the
control circuit which gives feedback to the motor
Components are a very important part of IOT devices as
they monitor, collect data from the devices and sends shaft [12].
process the data, and send it to the user or whoever ever
using the device
.
1) Soil Moisture Sensor: It is used to detect the
moisture content of waste to classify if it is dry or
wet for proper waste segregation into the bin. The
moisture percentage can be changed based on the
wetness of the waste at a particular location or
area. It may also vary based on temperature,
electric conductivity, or if any harmful waste is
thrown in the bin [10].
4) Arduino Board: It is a microcontroller that acts as a It is based on an HD44780 microcontroller and can
CPU coordinates sensor inputs and control system display alphabets, Greek letters, mathematical symbols,
responses. It can also store multiple data and store the etc. It has two lines of 16 characters each and the
moisture values that are given by the producer. It can be character consists of a 5x7 dot matrix [14].
converted to the computer so that any new input can be
codded into the board. It has an input voltage range of 7
to 20 volts and consists of 14 I/O pins. It takes DC for
the 3.3V pin will be 50mA. The Arduino also has 2KB
of SRAM and 1KB of EEPROM, operating at a clock
speed of 16 MHz [13].

There are different pins in Arduino boards like

VCC, GND, VIN, VOUT, Port B pins, Memory,
Port C, PC 6, AVCC, Port D, AREF, ADC7:6, V. FUTURE SCOPE
etc.
A. IOT Integration: Connecting the dustbin to the
Internet of Things (IoT) allows for real-time waste
level monitoring. Fill status is detected through
sensors and information transmitted to a central
system. Once the bin is full, it can be set up to give
out notices to waste collection teams on time to
collect the waste, thus minimizing overflow and
ensuring it's clean. IoT also allows the optimization
of collection routes, saving many hours, which
minimizes waste resources.

B. Mobile App Connectivity: A dedicated mobile app

allows remote monitoring by users or maintenance
staff of multiple dustbins. This app provides fill-
level data, informs bin emptying time, and gives
historical information about waste collection. This
can also use GPS to locate the bins in mega areas.
The efficiency of waste management increases,
along with its scheduled maintenance.

C. Odor Control System: An odor detection sensor

checks for foul smells within the bin. Upon
detecting bad odors, the system can activate a
deodorizer or air purifier. This keeps the
surrounding environment fresh and hygienic. This
feature is useful in public areas or indoor spaces. It
5) LCD Display: It is called a Liquid Crystal Display. It improves user experience and prevents unpleasant
is used to provide real-time feedback, showing sensor conditions.
readings, power status along moisture status. The LCD
will show whether the waste is dry or wet along with
moisture percentage.
 D. Voice Assistant Integration: Voice commands can
be integrated into the smart dustbin, which allows
users to interact with it hands-free. This is useful in
public areas, hospitals, and for people with
disabilities. Commands can include opening or
closing the lid, checking fill levels, or activating
odor control.

VI. RESULT
In the above figure, we can see the final connections with all
The Smart Dustbin successfully automates waste segregation the components used for the Smart Dustbin. It is not that
and disposal and enhances hygiene with efficiency. Soil complex to build the Dustbin.
moisture sensors clearly distinguish between wet and dry
wastes, ensuring appropriate classification for recycling.
Ultrasonic sensors allow the dustbin to operate without being VII. COST ANALYSIS
touched, significantly reducing human-to-human contact that
can spread diseases. The servo motor controls the automatic The Automation of dry-wet dust collection to support
lid, ensuring smooth, reliable movement with no jerky Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan and monitoring of IoT involves
motion. It has an LCD display that allows users to obtain real- expenses for hardware components, power supply, and
time updates on the operational status of the dustbin. assembly. The Arduino costs about ₹700–₹2,000.
The Arduino-based system processes sensor data and ensures Soil moisture sensors and ultrasonic sensors are around ₹500
seamless automation. A regulated power supply maintains each. A servo motor for lid operation costs around ₹400–
stable 5V DC output, ensuring consistent and reliable ₹1,500, ensuring smooth movement. The LCD costs about
performance. IoT connectivity allows for real-time ₹300–₹800, providing real-time system updates.
monitoring and remote alerts, helping to optimize waste
collection schedules. The system prevents the overflow of A power supply unit costs ₹800–₹2,000. Depending on
waste and ensures a cleaner environment. material quality, the dustbin structure and casing may cost
₹1,000–₹3,000. Wires, connectors, and additional
The waste improves recycling and disposal practices, components add another ₹500–₹1,500.
reducing landfill waste. Minimizing manual effort promotes
efficient waste handling. The system reduces the The total cost of a single unit ranges from ₹3,000–₹8,000,
mismanagement of waste, contributing to eco-friendly urban making it affordable for households and the public. Bulk
planning. Bulk production can make it a cost-effective production can significantly reduce costs, improving
solution for large-scale implementation. affordability. This system minimizes manual effort and
improves waste management.
The Smart Dustbin reduces operational costs by optimizing
collection frequency and minimizing unnecessary pickups. Homes and small businesses can optimize cost analysis by
Its compact and durable design ensures long-term usability. assessing the initial investment required for Smart Dustbins
The system prevents foul Odors by ensuring timely waste and comparing it with long-term savings. Choosing durable
disposal. Automated alerts help authorities respond quickly and energy-efficient models helps reduce frequent
to overflowing bins, maintaining clean surroundings. The replacements and maintenance expenses.
integration of technology into waste management encourages Bulk purchasing or collaborating with local communities can
smart city development. lower costs through shared investment. Analyzing existing
waste disposal costs before and after implementation helps
determine overall financial benefits. Energy efficiency plays
a crucial role in cost management, as Smart Dustbins with
low power consumption reduce electricity expenses. Homes
and small businesses can invest in solar-powered options to
further cut operational costs.

Long-term financial planning is essential for assessing the

return on investment of Smart Dustbins. Businesses can track
reductions in waste management costs over time and
calculate savings from improved efficiency. Engaging in
public-private partnerships or collaborating with waste
management firms can provide subsidized solutions.
Government initiatives promoting sustainable waste practices
can further lower the financial burden on small businesses.
By incorporating Smart Dustbins into daily operations,
homes, and businesses contribute to environmental In conclusion, Smart Dustbins offer a comprehensive
sustainability while optimizing expenses. A well-planned solution to modern waste disposal challenges. Their ability to
investment in waste automation enhances cost efficiency, automate segregation, optimize waste collection, and
cleanliness, and long-term sustainability. enhance hygiene makes them a valuable investment for
homes and small businesses. Cost analysis reveals that,
The government can reduce the cost of Smart Dustbins by despite initial expenses, long-term savings and environmental
providing subsidies and grants under initiatives like Swachh benefits make them a sustainable option. Government
Bharat Abhiyan. Bulk procurement for public spaces can support, technological advancements, and widespread
lower per-unit costs through economies of scale. Tax adoption can further reduce costs and improve efficiency.
incentives and reduced GST on smart waste management Through embracing Smart Dustbins, people and companies
equipment can make manufacturing more affordable. help shape a cleaner, smarter, and more sustainable future.
Encouraging local production under ‘Make in India’ can
minimize import dependency and lower costs. Public-private
partnerships (PPP) can bring private investment and IX. REFERENCES
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Beyond financial considerations, the Smart Dustbin enhances

hygiene and health standards. The traditional disposal
involves physical contact leading to health problems. The
touch-free operation is done by Ultrasonic sensors
eliminating the traditional method and the automated lid
prevents odor leakage. By integrating these features, Smart
Dustbins contribute to creating cleaner and healthier
environments.