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Lesson 3

The document explains the powers of rational numbers, including how to calculate powers with natural number exponents, and the rules for multiplying and dividing powers with the same base. It provides examples and practice problems for calculating powers, as well as applications of expressing large numbers in scientific notation. Additionally, it includes exercises to reinforce understanding of exponentiation and its properties.

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2 views

Lesson 3

The document explains the powers of rational numbers, including how to calculate powers with natural number exponents, and the rules for multiplying and dividing powers with the same base. It provides examples and practice problems for calculating powers, as well as applications of expressing large numbers in scientific notation. Additionally, it includes exercises to reinforce understanding of exponentiation and its properties.

Uploaded by

0023410602
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bài 3: POWERS OF A RATIONAL NUMBER

Real-world problem: Calculate the volume V of a cubic Rubik's cube with a side
length of 5.5 cm.
1. POWERS WITH NATURAL NUMBER EXPONENTS
Similar to natural numbers, for rational numbers, we have:
The nth power of a rational number x, denoted as xⁿ, is the product of n factors of

xⁿ = x * x * x * ... * x (x ∈ Q, n ∈ N, n > 1)
x.

n factors
We read xⁿ as "x to the power of n" or "x raised to the nth power" or "the nth power
of x".
The number x is called the base, and n is called the exponent.
Convention: x¹ = x; x⁰ = 1 (x ≠ 0).
Example 1: Calculate:
a) 0.3³
b) (-1/3)⁵
Solution:
Demonstrates calculating powers by multiplying the base by itself the specified
number of times.
When writing a rational number x in the form a/b (a, b ∈ Z, b ≠ 0), we have:
(a/b)ⁿ = (a * a * ... * a) / (b * b * ... * b) = aⁿ / bⁿ
n factors n factors
Thus, (a/b)ⁿ = aⁿ / bⁿ
Example 2: Calculate:
a) (1/2)³
b) (-0.25)²
Solution:
Applies the rule above to calculate powers of fractions and decimals.
Practice 1: Calculate:
(-2/3)³; (2/3)²; (3/5)⁴; (-0.5)³; (-0.5)²; (37.57)⁰; (3.57)¹
2. PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT OF TWO POWERS WITH THE SAME
BASE
Find the appropriate number to replace the “?” in the following expressions:
a) (1/3)² * (1/3) = (1/3)?
b) (0.2)² * (0.2)³ = (0.2)?
For a rational number x, we have:
When multiplying two powers with the same base, keep the base and add the
exponents.
xᵐ * xⁿ = x^(m+n)
When dividing two powers with the same base (other than 0), keep the base and
subtract the exponent of the divisor from the exponent of the dividend.
xᵐ / xⁿ = x^(m-n) (x ≠ 0, m ≥ n)
Example 3:
Applies the rules of multiplying and dividing powers with the same base.
Practice 2: Calculate:
a) (-2)² * (-2)³
b) (-0.25)⁷ / (-0.25)⁴
3. POWER OF A POWER
Calculate and compare:
a) [(-2)²]² and (-2)⁴
b) [(1/3)³]² and (1/3)⁶
We have:
When calculating the power of a power, keep the base and multiply the exponents.
(xᵐ)ⁿ = x^(m*n)
Example 4: Calculate:
a) [(-1/2)²]³
b) [(0.3)²]³
Practice 3: Replace the "?" with the appropriate number in the following
expressions:
a) [(-1/3)²]³ = (-1/3)?
b) [(0.4)³]² = (0.4)?
c) [(7.31)⁰]³ = ?
Application: To write large numbers, we often express them as the product of a
power of 10 and a number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10. For example,
the average distance between the Sun and Earth, 149,600,000 km, is written as
1.496 * 10⁸ km.
Use the above notation to express the following quantities:
a) The distance from the Sun to Mercury is approximately 58,000,000 km.
b) A light-year is approximately 9,460,000,000,000 km.
EXERCISES
1. Write the following numbers as powers with exponents greater than 1: 0.49;
1/32; -8/125; 16/81; 121/169
2. a) Calculate: (1/2)⁵; (2/3)⁴; (-2)⁷; (-0.3)⁴; (-25.7)²
b) Calculate: (-1/3)³; (1/3)³; (-1/3)⁴; (1/3)⁴
Make an observation about the sign of a power with an even exponent and a power
with an odd exponent of a negative rational number.
3. Write the following expressions as powers of a rational number:
a) 25⁴ * 2⁸
b) 4 * 32 / (2³)⁵
c) 27² / 25³
d) 8² / 9³
4. Find x, knowing that:
a) x²/9 = 4/9
b) x * (1/3)⁵ = (1/3)⁷
c) (1/3)⁷ / x = (1/3)⁹
d) x * (0.25)⁴ = (1/4)⁶
5. Write the numbers (0.25)⁸; (0.125)⁶; (0.0625)² as powers with a base of 0.5.
6. Calculate quickly: M = (100 – 1) * (100 – 2²) * (100 – 3²) * … * (100 – 50²)
7. Calculate:
a) [(3/5)² * (3/5)³] / [(3/5)⁴ * (3/5)]
b) [(4/7)⁴ * (4/7)⁵] / [(4/7)⁷ * (4/7)²]
c) [(0.6)³ * (0.6)⁴] / [(0.6)⁵ * (0.6)²]
8. Calculate:
a) (2/5)² + (1/5)²
b) (0.75⁻¹)⁵
c) (2/3)³ / (0.36)¹
d) (-1/3)⁴ * (4/9)³
9. Evaluate the expressions:
a) (4³ * 9²) / (2⁷ * 8²)
b) (-2)³ * (-2)⁷ / 3 * 4⁶
c) (0.2)⁵ * (0.09)² / [(0.2)³ * (0.3)⁴]
d) (2³ + 2⁴ + 2⁵) / 7²
10.a) The mass of Earth is approximately 5.97 * 10²⁴ kg, and the mass of the
Moon is approximately 7.35 * 10²² kg. Calculate the total mass of Earth and
the Moon.
b) Jupiter is approximately 8.27 * 10⁸ km from Earth, and Uranus is approximately
3.09 * 10⁹ km from Earth. Which planet is closer to Earth?
After this lesson, what have you achieved?
 Describe the exponentiation operation with a natural number exponent of a
rational number and some properties of this operation.
 Apply the exponentiation of rational numbers in calculations and solving
some practical problems.

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