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20 Fallacies

The document lists 20 examples of logical fallacies, providing definitions and illustrative examples for each. Fallacies include Ad Hominem, Straw Man, and Slippery Slope, among others. Each entry highlights common errors in reasoning that can undermine arguments.

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Lei B. Febrer
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34 views2 pages

20 Fallacies

The document lists 20 examples of logical fallacies, providing definitions and illustrative examples for each. Fallacies include Ad Hominem, Straw Man, and Slippery Slope, among others. Each entry highlights common errors in reasoning that can undermine arguments.

Uploaded by

Lei B. Febrer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lei B.

Febrer

12- HUMSS Call of Jeremiah

20 EXAMPLES OF FALLACIES

1. Ad Hominem
Deffinition: Attacking the person instead of addressing their argument.
Example: "I don’t trust her advice on relationship because she is a cheater."
2. Straw Man
Deffinition: Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
Example: "I think we should reduce our screen time and use technology minfully, So she wants us to
throw away all our phones and stop using internet."
3. Appeal to Ignorance (Argument from Ignorance)
Deffinition: Claiming something is true because it hasn’t been proven false.
Example: "No one has proven that aliens don’t exist, so they must be real."
4. Slippery Slope
Deffinition: Assuming one action will lead to extreme consequences.
Example: "If I don’t study for this test, I’ll fail the class, drop out of school, and never find a job."
5. Circular Reasoning
Deffinition: The argument repeats itself without providing evidence.
Example: "Why is this book great? Because it’s a classic. And why is it a classic? Because it’s great."
6. Hasty Generalization
Deffinition: Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.
Example: "I tried one brand of vegan cheese, and it tasted terrible. All vegan cheese must be bad."
7. Post Hoc (False Cause)
Deffinition: Assuming one event caused another because it happened first.
Example: "I failed my quiz because I walked under a ladder this morning."
8. False Dilemma (Black-and-White Thinking)
Deffinition: Presenting only two options when more exist.
Example: "If I don’t become a doctor, then I will never be successful in life."
9. Bandwagon
Deffinition: Appeal Claiming something is true because many people believe it.
Example: "Everyone I know is buying this brand of phone, so it must be the best."
10. Appeal to Authority
Deffinition: Using the opinion of an authority figure as evidence.
Example: "This skincare must work because my favorite celebrity recommends it."
11. Appeal to Emotion
Deffinition: Manipulating emotions instead of presenting a logical argument.
Example: "If my friend don’t hangout with me anymore, I’ll probably just drift away , and we’ll lose
our friendship forever."
12. Red Herring
Deffinition: Introducing an irrelevant point to distract from the main issue.
Example: "I know I haven’t been answering your calls lately, but have you seen the new unli-wings
restaurant here in Infanta?" The food there is amazing.
13. False Equivalence
Deffinition: Equating two things that aren’t truly comparable.
Example: "I go for a 30 minute walk everyday to go to school, so that’s just like doing an hour of
intense weightlifting."
14. Begging the Question
Deffinition: Assuming the conclusion within the premise.
Example: "Freedom of speech is important because people should be free to say what they want."
15. Tu Quoque (Appeal to Hypocrisy)
Deffinition: Dismissing criticism by pointing out hypocrisy.
Example: "My friend can’t tell me to save money when she buy coffee every day."
16. False Analogy
Deffinition: Comparing two things that aren’t alike in relevant ways.
Example: "Just like I can finish a book in a week, I should be able to finish this project in the same
amount of time."
17. Appeal to Nature
Deffinition: Claiming something is good because it’s natural.
Example: "This rice coffee is better because it’s made from 100% natural ingredients."
18. No True Scotsman
Deffinition: Dismissing exceptions to a generalization by redefining the criteria.
Example: "I am a true valorant gamer, and real gamers never use cheats." If you use cheats, you’re
not a real gamer.
19. Middle Ground Fallacy
Deffinition: Assuming the middle position between two extremes is correct.
Example: "Some people say climate change is a huge threat, while others say it’s not happening at
all, so the truth must be somewhere in between."
20. Gambler’s Fallacy
Deffinition: Believing past events affect future probabilities.
Example: "I’ve lost five times in a row on the claw machine, so I’m definitely due for a win now."

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