READING 2 VOCABULARY

UNIT 1: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A LANGUAGE DISAPPEARS?

STT Word Meaning Example

1 assimilate (v) đồng hóa/bị đồng hóa You shouldn't expect

immigrants to assimilate into
an alien culture immediately.

2 oblige (v) to force someone to do something, or to The law obliges companies to

make it necessary for someone to do pay decent wages to their
something employees.

3 confine (v) to limit an activity, person, or problem in Please confine your use of the
some way phone to business calls.

4 persist (v) to try to do or continue doing something If he persists in asking

in a determined but often unreasonable awkward questions, then send
way him to the boss.

5 divorced from not based on or affected by something Sometimes politicians seem to

(phr) be divorced from reality.

6 ethnicity (n) dân tộc/ sắc tộc Our students have many
different nationalities,
religions, and ethnicities.

predominant stronger, more numerous, more noticeable Research forms the

(a) (trội hơn) predominant part of my job.

revival (n) the act of reviving or state of being Recently, there has been some
revived revival of (interest in) ancient
music.

initiative (n) a first step or move that leads the way The peace initiative was
(sáng kiến) welcomed by both sides.

suppress (v) to end something by force (đàn áp) The Hungarian uprising in
1956 was suppressed by the
Soviet Union.

integral (a) necessary and important as a part of a Bars and terrace cafés are
whole integral to the social life of the
city.

target (v) to direct advertising, criticism, or a The advert for the energy drink
product at someone (điều hướng) is targeted specifically at
young people.
 scenario (n) a description of possible actions or events
in the future

in jeopardy in danger of being damaged or destroyed:

(phr.)

in the face of despite having to deal with a difficult

(phr.) situation or problem

substitute (v) to use something or someone instead of

another thing or person

retain (v) to keep or continue to have something

wake-up call If something that happens is a wake-up

call, it should make you realize that you
need to take action to change a situation

UNIT 2: WHAT IS DIFFERENT BETWEEN WORK AND FUN

STT Word Meaning Example

1 consensus (n) an opinion that all members of a group agree with (sự
đồng lòng)

2 gray area not clear/ not fit

3 incentive (n) encouragement

4 labor (n) work, especially physical work

thrive (v) to grow, success

5 menial (a) not considered important

 the odds are there is a chance that

6 respectively (adv) lần lượt

the going rate (for the usual amount of money paid for goods or services at
something) a particular time

thriving (a) continuing to be successful, strong, healthy, etc.

emerge (v) to move out of or away from something and become

possible to see (lòi ra, nảy ra)

execute (v) thi hành, hành hình

evolve (v) develop gradually

UNIT 3: HOW WELL DOES A PICTURE ILLUSTRATE THE TRUTH?

STT Word Meaning Example

1 distort (v) to change facts/ ideas/shapes

2 prominent important or well-known

(a)

3 concoct (v) to invent a story, an excuse, etc. or create a plan, especially for a
dishonest purpose (bịa đặt)

4 legitimate hợp pháp, chính đáng

(a)

5 tempting (a) lôi cuốn, gây thèm

 6 scrutinize to look at or examine somebody/something carefully
(v)

UNIT 4: WHY IS GLOBAL COOPERATION IMPORTANT?

STT Word Meaning Example

1 confront (v) to deal with a problem or difficult situation (đương đầu)

2 consolidate hợp nhất, củng cố

(v)

3 inevitable (a) unavoidable

4 daunting (a) making somebody feel nervous and less confident (làm nhụt chí)

5 intensively in a way that involves a lot of work or activity done in a short

(adv) time

6 mediator (n) dung môi/ người hòa giải

quarantine a period of time when an animal or a person that has or may have
(n) a disease is kept away from others in order to prevent the disease
from spreading

reassemble to fit the parts of something together again after it has been taken
(v) apart

navigate (v) to direct

inhabit (v) to live in a place

mundane (a) not interesting or exciting

UNIT 5: WHAT MAKES A PUBLIC PLACE APPEALING?

STT Word Meaning Example

encounter (v) to run into st (especially st difficult) I had never encountered such
resistance before.

hybrid (a) that is the product of mixing two or a hybrid language

more different things

form a bond form a relationship She formed a bond with her

roommate, and they soon became
best friends.

mingle (v) to combine or make one thing He felt a kind of happiness

combine with another mingled with regret.

Her tears mingled with the blood

on her face.

neutral (a) not supporting or helping either I didn't take my father's or my

side in a disagreement, competition, mother's side; I tried to remain
etc. neutral.

nomadic (a) moving often from place to place

specialized (a) designed or developed for a Our industry is quite specialized.

particular purpose or area of
knowledge

controversy

pop up to appear or happen, especially

suddenly or unexpectedly

accommodate to provide somebody with a room The hotel can accommodate up to

(v) or place to sleep, live or sit 500 guests.

anticipate (v) to expect something We don't anticipate any major

problems.

appealing (a) attractive/ interesting The large salary made their offer
even more appealing to him.

concede (v) to admit that something is true, ‘Not bad,’ she conceded
logical, etc. after first denying it or grudgingly.
resisting it
 intuitive (a) obtained by using your feelings He had an intuitive sense of what
rather than by considering the facts the reader wanted.

counterintuitive the opposite of what you would

(a) expect or what seems to be obvious

division (n)

fatal (a) causing or ending in death If she gets ill again it could prove
fatal.

negotiate (v) to try to reach an agreement by They have refused to negotiate on

formal discussion this issue.

proponent (n) a person who supports an idea or

course of action

regulated (a) controlled by rules or laws Most reputable, regulated

businesses will ensure a steady
cash flow.

reputable (a) having a good reputation

reinforce (v) to make a feeling, an idea, etc. The experience reinforced my

stronger sense of loss.

UNIT 6: HOW CAN WE TURN TRASH INTO TREASUE?

Word Meaning Synonym Example

abundant (a) existing in large quantities; plentiful, rich

more than enough

constraint (n) a thing that limits something, or restraint,

This decision will impose
limits your freedom to do limitation
serious constraints on all
something
schools.

elimination
(n)
sustainable (a)

disposal (n)

dubious (a) not certain about something doubtful,

and suspecting that something unsure,
may be wrong; not knowing uncertain
whether something is good or
bad

obsolete (a) no longer used because outdated. out- With technological changes
something new has been of-date many traditional skills have
invented become obsolete.

incinerate (v) to burn something, especially

waste material, until it is
completely destroyed

thrive (v) to become, and continue to be, flourish New businesses thrive in this
(+on) successful, strong, healthy, area.
These animals rarely thrive in
captivity.

appliance (n) a machine that is designed to electrical/household

do a particular thing in the appliances
home, such as preparing food,
heating or cleaning Always switch off appliances
that are not in use.

aptitude (n) natural ability or skill at doing gift, talent an aptitude test
something His aptitude for dealing with
children got him the job.

convene (v) to arrange for people to come gather, They decided to convene an
together for a formal meeting assemble extraordinary general
meeting.

craftsmanship the level of skill shown by She showed her

(n) somebody in making craftsmanship in
something beautiful with their embroidering.
hands

permeate (v) to spread to every part of an The smell of

object or a place leather
permeated the
room.

tinker (v) to make small changes to I wish the government would

something, especially in an stop tinkering with the health
attempt to repair or improve it service.
 UNIT 7: WHY DO PEOPLE WANT TO CHANGE WHO THEY ARE?

Word Meaning Synonym Example

competence the ability to do something well

(n)

conceivable that you can imagine or believe

(a)

conduct (v) to organize and/or do a particular activity

conscientious taking care to do things carefully and correctly

(a)

consistency the quality of always behaving in the same way

(n) or of having the same opinions, standard, etc.

impulsive (a) acting suddenly without thinking carefully about

what might happen because of what you are doing

intention (n) what you intend or plan to do

lose so’s
appetite

novelty (n) the quality of being new, different and interesting

the jury is still used when you are saying that something is still
out not certain

undertake (v) to make yourself responsible for something and

start doing it

dermatology
(n)
diagnosis (n)

doom (v) to make someone or something certain to do or be doomed to

experience something unpleasant, or to make having skin
something bad certain to happen cancer

incidence (n) incidence of something (formal) the extent to

which something happens or has an effect

olive-tone (a)

phenomenal very great or impressive

(a)

project (v) to calculate an amount or number expected in the

future from information already known:

scorching (a)

sunkissed (a)

trigger (v) to make something happen suddenly

urge (v) to recommend something strongly

with a with great force or extreme energy

vengeance

UNIT 8: WHAT ENERGIZES PEOPLE?

Word Meaning Synony Example
m

alleviate (v) to make something less severe

carbohydrate
(n)

digest (v)

dilemma (n)

fatigue (n) a feeling of being extremely tired, usually because of

hard work or exercise

hormone (n)

immune
system (n)

metabolism (n)

protein (n)

refined (a) made pure by having other substances taken out of it

restore (a) to bring back a situation or feeling that existed before

stamina (n) the physical or mental strength that enables you to do

something difficult for long periods of time

agitated (a) showing in your behaviour that you are anxious and
nervous

bar (v) to prevent something or someone from doing something

or going somewhere, or to not allow something:

component (n)
concentration
(N)

contend (v) to say that something is true, especially in an argument

disclaimer (n) a statement in which somebody says that they are not
connected with or responsible for something, or that they
do not have any knowledge of it

foster (v) to encourage something to develop

minimal (a)

mystique (n) the quality of being mysterious or secret that makes

somebody/something seem interesting or attractive

relative to (a) considered and judged by being compared with something

else

take issue with to start disagreeing or arguing with somebody about

something

unfounded (a) not based on reason or fact