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Class 11 Computer Science Detailed Notes

The document provides detailed notes on Class 11 Computer Science, covering topics such as computer systems, data representation, Boolean logic, cyber safety, computer security, and the societal implications of technology. It outlines the components of computer systems, types of memory, number systems, logic gates, common cyber threats, security measures, and legal and ethical responsibilities related to technology use. Key concepts include the Input-Process-Output cycle, various encoding methods, and the importance of intellectual property rights and cyber laws.

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2 views

Class 11 Computer Science Detailed Notes

The document provides detailed notes on Class 11 Computer Science, covering topics such as computer systems, data representation, Boolean logic, cyber safety, computer security, and the societal implications of technology. It outlines the components of computer systems, types of memory, number systems, logic gates, common cyber threats, security measures, and legal and ethical responsibilities related to technology use. Key concepts include the Input-Process-Output cycle, various encoding methods, and the importance of intellectual property rights and cyber laws.

Uploaded by

sooriyakanthsk19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 11 Computer Science Detailed Notes

Chapter 1: Computer System Overview


1.1 Introduction

A computer system is an integrated set of hardware and software components that process
data to generate useful information. It follows the Input-Process-Output cycle, where data is
entered, processed, and displayed as an output.

1.2 Components of a Computer System

1. Hardware – Physical components like CPU, RAM, storage devices, input and output
devices.
2. Software – Programs that run on hardware and perform tasks. Divided into:
o System Software (e.g., Operating System, Utilities)
o Application Software (e.g., MS Word, Web Browsers)
3. Firmware – Software embedded in hardware (BIOS, embedded systems).
4. Humanware – Users and IT professionals who interact with the system.

1.3 Types of Memory & Storage

 Primary Memory: RAM (volatile) and ROM (non-volatile).


 Secondary Storage: HDDs, SSDs, optical discs.
 Cache Memory & Registers: High-speed memory close to the CPU for fast data
access.

1.4 Types of Computer Systems

 Supercomputers – High-performance machines for complex calculations.


 Mainframes – Large computers used in banking and finance.
 Personal Computers (PCs) – Used for everyday tasks.
 Embedded Systems – Specialized computers in devices like washing machines and
ATMs.

Chapter 2: Data Representation


2.1 Number Systems

Computers use different numbering systems to store and process data.

 Binary (Base-2): Uses digits 0 & 1, fundamental to computer logic.


 Octal (Base-8): Uses digits 0-7, sometimes used in computing.
 Decimal (Base-10): Regular number system used by humans.
 Hexadecimal (Base-16): Uses digits 0-9 and A-F, common in computer memory
addressing.

2.2 Data Encoding

 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) – Uses 7-bit


codes for characters.
 Unicode – Supports multiple languages with a 16-bit encoding scheme.
 BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) – Represents decimal numbers in binary form.
 Gray Code – Used in error correction and digital circuits.

2.3 Conversion Between Number Systems

 Decimal to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal (and vice versa).


 Binary Arithmetic (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division).

Chapter 3: Boolean Logic


3.1 Introduction

Boolean Logic is fundamental to digital circuits and programming, dealing with True (1) and
False (0).

3.2 Logic Gates

1. AND Gate – Output is 1 if both inputs are 1 (A·B).


2. OR Gate – Output is 1 if at least one input is 1 (A+B).
3. NOT Gate – Inverts input (1 becomes 0, and vice versa) (~A).
4. NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR – Derived gates for complex operations.

3.3 Boolean Algebra

 Boolean Expressions – Algebraic expressions using logic variables.


 Truth Tables – Represent the outputs of logic gates.
 Karnaugh Maps (K-Maps) – Used for simplification of Boolean expressions.

Chapter 14: Cyber Safety


14.1 Introduction

Cyber safety refers to protecting users and systems from cyber threats and maintaining online
privacy.

14.2 Common Cyber Threats


1. Phishing – Fake emails/websites trick users into revealing personal details.
2. Malware – Malicious software including viruses, worms, trojans, and ransomware.
3. Identity Theft – Stealing personal data to commit fraud.
4. Cyberbullying – Harassment or threats over digital platforms.

14.3 Best Practices for Cyber Safety

 Use strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication.


 Avoid suspicious links and emails.
 Keep software and antivirus programs updated.
 Educate yourself on privacy settings on social media.

Chapter 15: Online Access & Computer Security


15.1 Introduction

Computer security ensures the protection of data and systems from unauthorized access and
cyber threats.

15.2 Security Threats

1. Hacking – Gaining unauthorized access to systems.


2. Spyware – Secretly collects user data.
3. Trojan Horse – Malicious software disguised as useful applications.
4. Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks – Overloading systems to disrupt services.

15.3 Security Measures

 Firewalls – Prevent unauthorized network access.


 Antivirus software – Detects and removes malware.
 Encryption – Converts data into a secure format to prevent hacking.
 Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) – Adds extra security layers for logins.

Chapter 16: Society, Law & Ethics


16.1 Introduction

This chapter covers the legal and ethical responsibilities of using technology in society.

16.2 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

1. Copyright – Legal right protecting original works (books, music, software).


2. Patents – Protects inventions from being copied.
3. Trademarks – Protects brand identity (logos, names).
16.3 Cyber Laws

 IT Act 2000 (India) – Defines cybercrimes and legal frameworks for digital
transactions.
 GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) – Global regulation for protecting
user data and privacy.

16.4 Ethical Issues in Technology

 Privacy Concerns – Misuse of personal data by companies and hackers.


 Digital Piracy – Unauthorized distribution of copyrighted content.
 AI Ethics – Issues related to bias and fairness in artificial intelligence.

End of Detailed Notes

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