Instructions: Read and analyze each statement carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.

Write your answer on the

space before the number in capital letter and submit before 12 PM.

______1. He is known as the father of evolution.

A. Charles Darwin C. Lamarck
B. Alfred Wallace D. Gregor Mendel
______2. Do you think genetic drift would happen more quickly on an island or on the mainland?
A. Mainland C. Both
B. Island D. None of the above
______3. These are the units of organisms that encode the results of evolution, making them particularly useful for building
phylogenetic trees.
A. Cells C. Clades
B. Genes D. Root
______4. In a phylogenic tree, this is the most recent common ancestor of all species on those branches.
A. Root C. Branch
B. Tip D. Node
______5. Why do scientists apply the concept of maximum persimony?
A. To decipher accurate phylogenies C. To identify mutations in DNA codes
B. To eliminate analogous traits D. To locate homoplasies
______6. On a phylogenetic tree, which term refers to lineages that diverged from the same place?
A. Sister taxa C. Rooted taxa
B. Basal taxa D. Dichotomous taxa
______7. What is used to determine phylogeny?
A. mutations C. Evolutionary history
B. DNA D. Organisms on Earth
______8. Which of the following shows a decreasing order in the levels of classification?
A. species, genus, family, phylum C. kingdom, phylum, genus, species
B. genus, species, kingdom, phylum D. genus, kingdom, phylum, species
______9. Which is an acceptable way in writing the scientific name for humans?
A. Homo Sapiens C. homo sapiens
B. Homo Sapiens D. Homo sapiens
______10. Who originated the system of binomial nomenclature?
A. Charles Darwin C. Robert Hooke
B. Carl Linnaeus D. Aristotle
______11. The science of classifying organisms to construct internationally shared classification systems with each organism
placed into more and more inclusive groupings is called___________.
A. Botany C. Taxonomy
B. Paleontology D. Zoology
______12. The following are the domains of life, except__________.
A. Escherichia C. Bacteria
B. Archaea D. Eukarya
______13. The largest division of the geologic time scale is the
A. Eon C. Period
B. Era D. Epoch
______14. The Mesozoic Era was the Age of Reptiles while the current Cenozoic Era is the Age of
A. Mammals C. Humans
B. Birds D. Technology
______15. The layers in sedimentary rocks are also called
A. eras C. strata
B. epochs D. gaps
______16. The movie “Jurassic Park” got its title from which era?
A. Paleozoic C. Cenozoic
B. Mesozoic D. Holozoic
______17. During which era were the first land plants formed?
A. Cambrian C. Paleozoic
B. Pre-Cambrian D. Mesozoic
______18. The era of middle life, a time of many changes on Earth
A. Paleozoic C. Cenozoic
B. Mesozoic D. Holozoic
______19. What is the longest part of Earth’s history where trace fossils appeared.
A. Pre-Cambrian C. Mesozoic
B. Paloezoic D. Cenozoic

______20. The geologic time scale is subdivided into 4 groups. List them from the largest to the smallest.
A. Eons, periods, epochs, eras C. Epochs, periods, eras, eons
B. Eras, eons, periods, epochs D. Eons, eras, periods, epochs
______21. The end of this era was believed to be caused by a comet or asteroid colliding with Earth, causing a huge cloud of
dust and smoke to rise into the atmosphere, blocking out the sun.
A. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic
B. Holozoic D. Cenozoic
______22. Which geologic event occurred during the Mesozoic era?
A. Pangaea formed C. The Rocky Mountains formed
B. Asteroids killed the dinosaurs D. The Pleistocene Ice Age began
______23. What term best describes the relationship between forelimbs?
A. They are homologous. C. They are analogous.
B. They are embryological. D. They are vestigial.
______24. A scientist compares DNA taken from four different living species. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Species A and D diverged most recently.

B. Species B is the least related to species A.
C. Species A and C are the same species.
D. Species B and C can only successfully produce fertile offspring if they are the same species. Because they
do not share all of the same DNA, they are different species.
______25. Which of the following would most likely lead to the development of analogous structures in two different species?
A. One species lives in a warm water pond, and a closely related species lives in a cold-water pond.
B. Two distantly related species live in hot, dry deserts.
C. One species lives in a desert, and a distantly related species lives in a pond.
D. One species lives in a pond, and a closely related species lives in a nearby forest.
______26. Which of the following is the best match of organisms to its respective classification?
A. Turtle-Mammals C. Catfish-reptiles
B. Humans-amphibians D. bees-insects
______27. Why is classifying organisms is important?
A. To identify a specific classification where an organism belongs
B. To show how living things relate to non-living organisms.
C. For easier way for other scientists to memorize all oraganisms.
D. None of the above
______28. What did Darwin’s travels reveal to him about the number and variety of living species?
A. In nature, offspring with certain variations might be more likely to survive the “struggle for existence” and
reproduce.
B. Darwin coined the term fitness to refer to an organism’s relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring.
C. He inferred that natural selection could also change species over time. In fact, he thought that if a species
changed enough, it might evolve into a new species.
D. None of the above.
______29. Which of the following is the possible primitive ancestor of hominidae?
A. Homo habilis C. Proconsul africanus
B. Homo sapiens D. Homo neanderthalensis
_______30. A scientist is engineering bacteria to produce human insulin. Below is a simplified diagram of the process:
Step 1: Extract human insulin gene
Step 2: Cut bacterial plasmid using restriction enzyme
Step 3: Insert human gene into plasmid
Step 4: Transform bacteria with recombinant plasmid
Step 5: Grow bacteria to produce insulin
Which step ensures the insulin gene is inserted into the bacterial DNA?
A. Step 2 C. Step 4
B. Step 3 D. Step 5
_______31. Base on the steps of genetic engineering shown in number 1, arrange the process of genetic engineering in
ascending numerical order.
I.Gene design II. Transformation III. DNA extraction
IV. Backcross breeding V. Gene cloning
A. I,II,III,IV,V C. III,IV,II,I,V
B. III,V,I,II,IV D. V,IV,III,II,I

_______32. Scientists want to modify rice to contain more vitamin A. They isolate a gene from carrots and insert it into rice
DNA. After testing, they find that some rice plants do not produce vitamin A. What is the most likely explanation?
A. The gene may not have been inserted correctly
B. The rice plant naturally rejects foreign DNA
C. The vitamin A gene was too large for insertion
D. Carrots and rice cannot share genetic material
_______33. Which of the following is an application of recombinant DNA in medicine?
 A. Development of C4 plants C. production of hormone insulin
B. Distant hybridization D. development of transgenic plant
_______34. What do you call the artificial modification of an organism’s genetic composition?
A. Mutagen C. Mutation
B. Recombinant DNA D. Backcross breeding
_______35. A survey was conducted to understand public opinion on genetic engineering. The graph below represents the percentage
of people who support genetic engineering for different applications:
Application Support (%)
Curing genetic diseases 85%
Enhancing intelligence 40%
Creating designer babies 25%
Producing GM crops 65%
Which conclusion can best be drawn from this survey?
A. People are more supportive of genetic engineering for medical purposes than for human enhancement.
B. The majority of people oppose all forms of genetic engineering.
C. Genetic engineering is only acceptable for improving intelligence.
D. The public believes that GM crops are more ethical than curing genetic diseases.
_______36. Which of the following is an example of genetically modified plant?
A. Organic grapes C. guapple (larged-sized guava)
B. Brown rice D. all of the above
_______37. Mario wants a hybrid or mestizo breed of pigs to raise that’s why he chooses to mate his native pig (pure breed
black) to a white pig (pure breed white). What type of genetic engineering is shown in the situation?
A. Classical breeding C. Artificial selection
B. Recombinant DNA D. all of the above
_______38. A student is studying genetic engineering and finds the following statement:
"Genetic engineering allows scientists to create bacteria that produce human proteins."
Which real-world application supports this statement?
A. Scientists modify bacteria to produce human insulin for diabetes treatment
B. Farmers crossbreed plants to produce higher crop yields
C. Researchers use microscopes to study DNA sequences
D. Doctors use antibiotics to kill harmful bacteria
______39. Scientists have successfully engineered bacteria to produce human insulin, which is used to treat diabetes. The
process involves inserting the human insulin gene into a bacterial plasmid and allowing the bacteria to replicate and produce
insulin. However, some patients argue that synthetic insulin is not as effective as natural insulin extracted from animals.
Which of the following is the best scientific response to this concern?
A. Synthetic insulin is identical to human insulin at the molecular level and is often more effective than animal
insulin.
B. Animal insulin is better because it has been used for a longer time in medicine.
C. Bacteria do not produce insulin naturally, so synthetic insulin must be unsafe for human use.
D. Scientists should stop producing synthetic insulin and use only animal-derived insulin.
______40. A group of scientists is developing genetically modified (GM) crops that are resistant to drought. They insert a gene
from a desert plant into corn to help it survive in dry conditions. After testing, they observe that some GM corn plants do not
grow well under drought conditions. Which of the following could best explain this result?
A. The inserted gene may not be functioning correctly in corn.
B. The scientists forgot to add fertilizer to the soil.
C. The desert plant gene is too large to work in corn DNA.
D. The modified corn was placed in an environment with too much sunlight.
______41. In a high school science lab, students conduct an experiment to genetically modify bacteria to glow in the dark.
They insert a jellyfish gene that codes for green fluorescent protein (GFP) into bacterial cells. After growing the bacteria on
nutrient agar, they observe that only some of the bacterial colonies glow under ultraviolet light. What is the most likely
explanation for this observation?
A. The bacterial colonies were exposed to too much ultraviolet light.
B. The jellyfish gene was too complex for bacteria to understand.
C. The agar plates did not have enough nutrients for the bacteria to grow properly.
D. Some bacterial cells did not take up the recombinant plasmid containing the GFP gene.
______42. A team of agricultural scientists measured the growth of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM wheat plants over four weeks.
The results are shown in the graph below:
Time (Weeks) Average Height of GM Wheat (cm) Average Height of Non-GM Wheat (cm)
1 8 7
2 15 12
3 22 18
4 30 24

Based on the data, which conclusion is best supported?

A. Non-GM wheat eventually outgrows GM wheat.
 B. There is no difference in growth between GM and non-GM wheat.
C. GM wheat grows faster than non-GM wheat under the same conditions.
D. GM wheat grows slower because genetic modifications harm plant development.
______43. A biotech company is developing a new method to genetically modify fish to grow faster. The process involves inserting a
growth hormone gene into fish embryos. Before the genetically modified fish are approved for sale, environmental groups raise concerns
that if these fish escape into the wild, they could outcompete natural fish populations. Which action would best address this
environmental concern?
A. Engineering the fish to be sterile so they cannot reproduce in the wild.
B. Increasing the number of GM fish released into natural ecosystems.
C. Stopping all research on genetically modifying fish.
D. Allowing only fishermen to catch and sell GM fish.
______44. Scientists have successfully cloned animals, such as sheep and cows, using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Some researchers believe cloning could be used to save endangered species or create genetically identical animals for medical research.
However, ethical concerns have been raised about cloning humans, including issues related to identity, consent, and potential health
risks. What is the most ethical and scientifically responsible stance on human cloning?
A. Using cloning only for reproductive purposes, regardless of ethical concerns.
B. Allowing human cloning for any reason, including creating genetically identical individuals.
C. Banning human cloning while allowing animal cloning for medical and conservation purposes.
D. Stopping all cloning research, including for medical and environmental purposes.
______45 A research team conducted a study on patients with a rare genetic disorder. The table below shows the percentage of patients
who showed improvement after receiving a gene therapy treatment.
Time After Treatment Percentage of Patients Showing Improvement
1 month 20%
3 months 45%
6 months 70%
1 year 85%
Based on the data, what conclusion can be drawn about the gene therapy?
A. The gene therapy is ineffective because 100% of patients did not improve.
B. The treatment works immediately and does not require long-term monitoring.
C. The treatment is effective, but results take time to appear.
D. The treatment is only effective for short-term recovery.
______46. Scientists have used recombinant DNA technology to develop genetically modified (GM) salmon that grow twice as fast as
normal salmon. This could help meet the increasing global demand for seafood. However, environmental groups worry that if these GM
salmon escape into the wild, they could disrupt ecosystems by outcompeting natural salmon for food and habitat.
Which of the following is the most responsible way to balance food production and environmental protection?
A. Releasing only sterile GM salmon to prevent them from breeding in the wild.
B. Allowing GM salmon to be released into natural habitats without restrictions.
C. Stopping all research on GM salmon due to environmental risks.
D. Releasing GM salmon in unlimited numbers to increase seafood production.
______47. A study compared the crop yield of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM tomatoes over four years.
Year Yield of GM Tomatoes (tons/hectare) Yield of Non-GM Tomatoes (tons/hectare)
2020 6.5 5.2
2021 6.8 5.3
2022 7.0 5.5
2023 7.3 5.6

Based on the data, what is the most reasonable conclusion?

A. There is no difference in yield between GM and non-GM tomatoes.
B. Non-GM tomatoes outperform GM tomatoes in the long run.
C. GM crops negatively impact tomato production.
D. GM tomatoes consistently produce higher yields than non-GM tomatoes.
______48. A study compared the effectiveness of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine to a traditional vaccine. The table below shows the
percentage of patients who developed immunity after receiving the vaccine.
Vaccine Type Immunity Rate (%)
Traditional Vaccine 75%
Recombinant Vaccine 95%
What conclusion can be drawn from the data?
A. The recombinant vaccine is more effective than the traditional vaccine.
B. The traditional vaccine is more effective than the recombinant vaccine.
C. Both vaccines have the same effectiveness.
D. Recombinant vaccines are unnecessary since traditional vaccines work well.
______49. Farmers are using genetically modified (GM) rice that produces more vitamins to reduce malnutrition in developing countries.
However, some groups oppose GM crops, arguing that they may harm natural ecosystems. What is the best solution to balance food
security and environmental concerns?
 A. Banning all GM crops to protect the environment.
B. Conducting long-term studies on GM crops before widespread use.
C. Allowing GM crops without any safety testing.
D. Replacing all natural crops with GM crops immediately.
______50. Scientists have developed a genetically modified (GM) corn variety that produces a natural insecticide, reducing the need for
chemical pesticides. While this benefits farmers by lowering costs and increasing yields, environmental activists worry about potential
harm to beneficial insects like bees and butterflies. What is the best approach to address both agricultural benefits and
environmental risks?
A. Using only chemical pesticides instead of genetic modification.
B. Banning all GM crops to prevent harm to insects.
C. Releasing GM crops worldwide without testing.
D. Conducting studies to ensure the GM corn only targets harmful pests.