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HW 3 Sol

The document contains solutions to homework problems involving analytic functions. It examines properties of specific functions like whether they are analytic, computes their derivatives, and investigates contours of functions. One problem shows the function f(z) = |z| is not analytic by examining its derivative. Another defines a branch of the square root function that is analytic on its domain. A third shows that reflecting an analytic function over the real axis produces another analytic function.

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124 views3 pages

HW 3 Sol

The document contains solutions to homework problems involving analytic functions. It examines properties of specific functions like whether they are analytic, computes their derivatives, and investigates contours of functions. One problem shows the function f(z) = |z| is not analytic by examining its derivative. Another defines a branch of the square root function that is analytic on its domain. A third shows that reflecting an analytic function over the real axis produces another analytic function.

Uploaded by

masfenix1
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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185A HW2 Solutions

1.5.2) Determine the sets on which the following functions are analytic, and compute their derivatives: a) 3z 2 + 7z + 5 is analytic on C and its derivative is 6z + 7. b) (2z + 3)4 is analytic on C and its derivative is 8(2z + 3)3 . c) 3z 1 8 is analytic on C {3} and its derivative is . 3z (3 z)2

1.5.10) Prove f (z) = |z| is not analytic. Solution: |z| R, so using the typical notation, u = x2 + y 2 and v = 0. Thus x y 2 2 x2 +y 2 Df = x +y 0 0 So the CR equations hold nowhere on C {0} and at (x, y) = (0, 0), u is not realdierentiable. 1.5.30) Consider the function f (z) = 1/z. Draw the contours u = Ref = constant and v = Imf = constant. How do they intersect? Is it always true that grad(u) is parallel to the curve v = constant? Solution: These contours are quadratic curves of the form cy 2 = x cx2 and cy 2 + y = cx2 and they intersect perpendicularly. Let (x(t), y(t)) be one of these contours such that v(x(t), y(t)) = c, then 0 =
d v(x(t), y(t)) dt

= grad(v) ( dx(t) , dy(t) ), so grad(v) is always dt dt

perpendicular to the curve v = c (this is true for all real smooth curves). Since f is analytic on C {0}, the CR equations tell us grad(v) grad(u) = 0, so for any analytic function f = u + iv, we have that grad(u) is parallel to the curve v = c, which is perpendicular to any intersecting curve u = d (there is exactly one such intersection at every point).

1.6.6) Solve sin(z) = w and show how to choose a domain and thus how to pick a particular branch of sin1 (z) so that it is analytic on the domain. Give the derivative of this branch of sin1 (z). Solution: First lets nd an appropriate domain for sin1 . sin(z) = sin(w) 0 = sin(z)sin(w) = 2sin( zw )cos( z+w ) (apply prop. 1.3.4 twice, once as double angle formula) z w = 2k 2 2 or z + w = + 2k. Thus, choosing our domain to be /2 + k < Re(z) < /2 + k, we can solve sin(z) = w. So lets do it! sin(z) =
d sin(z) dz 1 (eiz 2i

eiz ) is analytic on C and


2

= cos(z) =

1 iz (e 2

+ eiz ) = 0 eiz = eiz e2iz = 1 z =

+ k,

d so the inverse function theorem tells us, near sin(z0 ) for z0 = + k, dz sin1 (z) = 2 1 . Noting, sin2 (z) + cos2 (z) = 1 cos(z) = 1 sin2 (z), we then have cos(sin1 (z)) 1 dz z d that dz sin1 (z) = and thus sin1 (z) = sin(z0) + z0 , where the is 1 z2 1 z2 determined by cos(z) per the formula above. As multiple values of z0 go to the same value

sin(z0 ), our choice of z0 determines our branch of sin1 . For example, for the principle branch sin(z), < Re(z) < , we could use any value of z0 in this domain. 2 2 1.6.14) Dene a branch of 1+ z and show that it is analytic. rei = rei/2 , where r

Solution: First note that despite the branch we pick, well always dene

is nonnegative. This way, the image (or branch) is completely determined by the domain. Lets choose A = C {x + iy|y = 0 & x 0} (i.e. C minus the nonpositive real axis) as the domain (branch) of z, then the image of 1 + z over A is the complex numbers with real part > 1, which is still in A (where is analytic by our choice of branch). Thus A denes a branch of 1 + z over which it is analytic (as it is the composition of analytic functions). 1.R.18) Let f : A CC be analytic on an open set A. Let A = {z|z A}. a) Describe A geometrically. Solution: A is the reection of A over the real axis. 2

b) Dene g : A C by g(z) = [f (z)]2 . Show that g is analytic. Solution: Let f (x + iy) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y), u = u(x, y) = u(z) and v = v(x, y) = v(z). Then g(x + iy) = [ + i]2 = u2 v 2 + 2iv = [2 v 2 ] + i[2v ]. u v u u u Let (x, y) = u2 v 2 = u(x, y)2 v(x, y)2 and (x, y) = 2v = 2u(x, y)v(x, y). u Now you can check (using the CR eqns for f ) that g(x+iy) = y)+i(x, y) satises the (x,

2uux 2vvx 2uuy + 2vvy Cauchy-Riemann equations and is thus analytic on A . Dg = = 2ux v 2uvx 2uy v + 2uvy 2uux 2vvx 2uuy + 2vvy 2uuy 2vvy 2uux 2vvx

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