INTRODUCTION

TO
MANAGEMENT
Topic
1 2 3
Definition of Importance of SCOPE OF
MANAGEMENT Management MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
refers to the process of planning, organizing,
directing, and controlling resources (people,
finances, materials, and information) to achieve
organizational goals effectively and efficiently.
It involves coordinating the efforts of individuals
and groups to accomplish common objectives.
authors
F.W. Taylor Lawrence
Management is the art of Management is the
knowing what you want to accomplishment of results
do and then seeing that it is through the efforts of
done in the best and other people
cheapest way John Mee
Management is the art of
Koontz securing maximum results with
Management is the art of minimum effort so as to secure
getting things done through maximum prosperity and
and with people in formally happiness for both employer and
organized groups employee and give the public the
best possible service
authors
George R. Terry Peter. F. Drucker
Management is a distinct process The first definition of
consisting of planning, organising, management is that it is an
actuating and controlling economic organ of industrial
performance to determine and society. It means taking action to
accomplish the objectives by the make the desired result to pass.
use of people and resources”
E.F.L. Brech
Stanley V. Management is concerned with
―Management is simply the seeing that the job gets done, it
process of decision making and tasks all centre that on planning
control over the action of and guiding the operations to it
human beings for the
are going on the enterprise.
expressed purpose of
attaining pre-determined goals
Let's break down this definition
Planning: Involves setting goals,
outlining strategies, and developing
action plans to achieve the desired
outcomes.
Organizing: Involves arranging
resources, tasks, and people to ensure
the efficient implementation of plans.
Let's break down this definition
Leading: Involves inspiring, guiding, and
motivating individuals or teams to work
toward common goals.
Controlling: Involves monitoring,
evaluating, and adjusting activities to
ensure that goals are being achieved as
planned.
Organised Activities:
1
Management is a process of organized activities. Without organized
activities, two groups of people cannot be involved in the performance
of activities. Where a group of people are involved in working towards a
common objective, management comes into existence.
Existence of objectives:
The existence of objectives is a basic criterion of e very human
organization because all organizations are deliberate and purposive
creation and, therefore, they should have some objectives. Without
objectives, it becomes difficult to define the direction where organized
group of activities would lead to.

Following features
 1
Goal-oriented:
Management is aimed at achieving specific objectives or goals.
These goals provide direction and purpose for the organization,
guiding the actions and decisions of managers.
Multidimensional:
Management encompasses a range of functions, including
planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It involves
coordinating various resources and activities to achieve
organizational goals.

Following features
Continuous Process:
Management is an ongoing and continuous process. It involves a 1
series of interrelated activities that are repeated over time to
ensure the organization's sustained success.
Involvement of People:
People are a central focus of management. Whether dealing with
employees, customers, or other stakeholders, effective management
requires understanding and working with people to achieve common
goals.
Decision-Making:
Management involves making decisions at various levels and in
different contexts. Decision-making is a critical aspect of the
managerial role, and managers must choose the best course of action
to achieve organizational objectives.

Following features
 1
Optimal Resource Utilization:
Management is concerned with efficiently and effectively utilizing
the organization's resources, including human, financial, and physical
resources, to achieve goals.
Interdisciplinary:
Management draws on insights from various disciplines such as
economics, sociology, psychology, and engineering. It integrates
knowledge from different fields to address the complex challenges
organizations face.

Following features
 1
Authority and Responsibility:
Managers have the authority to make decisions and allocate
resources, but they also bear the responsibility for the outcomes of
those decisions. This balance between authority and responsibility is
a key aspect of effective management.
Flexibility:
Successful management requires flexibility in response to changing
circumstances. Managers need to adapt their approaches and
strategies to meet new challenges and opportunities.
Measurable Results:
Management is often evaluated based on measurable results. Key
performance indicators (KPIs) and other metrics are used to assess
the success of management efforts in achieving organizational goals.

Following features
 1
Universal:
The principles of management are applicable across different
industries, sectors, and types of organizations. While specific
practices may vary, the fundamental principles of management
are universal.
Dynamic:
Management is dynamic and responsive to changes in the
internal and external environment. Managers must adapt their
strategies and plans to meet evolving challenges and
opportunities.

Following features
Relationship among resources:
1
Organised activities meant toachieve common goals are brought about
to establish certain relationships about the available resources.
Working with and through people:
Management involves workingwith people and getting organisational
objectives achieved through them.
The idea of working through people is interpreted in terms of assigning
and reassigning of activities to subordinates.
Decision Making:
Management process involves decision making atvarious levels for
getting things done through people.

Following features
Nature of Management

Multidisciplinary Dynamic nature of Relative, Not

Principles absolute Principles
concepts taken from these
disciplines and presents these principles are flexible Management principles
newer concepts which can be in nature and change with arerelative, not absolute, and
put into practice for the changes in the they should be applied
managing the organisations environment in which an according to the need of the
organization exists. organization.
Nature of Management

Management: Science Management as Universality of

or Art profession management
art is personal skill of
business affairs. Profession refers to a management principles are
A science is a vocation or a branch of not universally applicable but
systematized body of advanced learning such as are to be modified according
knowledge of facts. engineering or medicine. to the needs of the situation.
 Importance of Management

It ensures
continuity in the
organization

Write your topic

or idea
The resources are scarce in
Development of
nature and to meet the Resources:
It is only
demand of the society, e nt t h at
researchers for resource mana ge m
their contribution should be s t h e
development are carried on in ke e p
more for the general n iz at ion
an organized way and org a
interests of the society. t in u in g.
management is involved in co n
these organized activities.
 Importance of Management

Goal
Achievement

Integrating various
interest groups
Management has to balance
Stability in the
these pressures from society se t t i n g c l ear
h e l p s in nd
various interest groups. ob je c t i v e s a
Management provides integration
s t h a t a ll
e n su r e
between traditions and new inventions,
d i r e c t ed
f f o r t s a re
and safeguards society from the e i e v in g
s a c h
unfavorable impact of these inventions t ow a rd g o a l s .
z a t io n a l
so that continuity in social process is o r g a n i
maintained
 Importance of Management

Enhanced
Productivity

Efficient Resource
Utilization
ensures optimal utilization
Adaptability to
of resources, including Change em a n a g e m ent
E f f e c t iv r i b u t e to
human, financial, and i c e s co n t
p r a c t i v it y
In a dynamic environment, management o d u c t
s e d pr
technological resources, facilitates the organization's ability to
i n c r e a
a m l i n in g
by s t r e
leading to increased , i m p r o v in g
adapt and respond to changes in the es
process a nd
s ,
efficiency and productivity. internal and external business w ork f l o w
u t of
e o u t p
environment. a x i m i z in g t h
m c e s.
r e s o u r
 Importance of Management

Decision-
Making

Coordination and
Integration
Motivation and
diverse activities and
Employee Satisfaction k in g
functions within an n s ib l e f o r m a
is r e s p o d t im e ly
organization to ensure in f o r m e d a n
Managers play a crucial role in , c o n s i d e r in g
s
smooth integration of d e c is io n i v e s a nd
motivating employees, fostering a a lt e r n a t
va r i o u s t on
efforts towards common positive work environment, and ensuring p o t e n t ia l i m p a c
the i r
i z a t io n .
objectives. employee satisfaction, the or g a n
 Importance of Management

Customer
Satisfaction

Risk Management

Innovation and
assess and manage risks to
Creativity ce
prevent potential threats es in f lu e n
pra ct ic
to the organization, making us to m e r
encourages a culture of innovation c
strategic decisions to c t io n b y
satisf a
and creativity within the e
mitigate uncertainties. r in g t h
organization, fostering continuous ensu
o f h ig h-
improvement and adaptation to delivery s or
ro d uc t
market trends. quality p
services
 Importance of Management

Communication

Strategic Planning

Conflict Resolution
involved in developing and
implementing strategic e m e nt
Managers play a crucial role in e ct iv e ma n a g
E ff o pen
plans, ensuring that the r a n d
identifying and resolving clea
ensures c h a n ne ls
organization aligns its conflicts within the m m u nic ation
co
g a niz a t ion,
h in t he or
activities with its long-term organization, promoting a w it
a n s p a r ency
g tr
vision and mission. harmonious work environment. fosterin n ting
pre v e
and g s.
st a n d in
misunder
 Importance of Management

Learning and
Development

Financial Stability

Legal Compliance
responsible for financial
planning, budgeting, and Managers are accountable for p r om o tes
a nag em ent
M a r ning
control, contributing to the ensuring that the organization a culture
o f le
el o p m e nt,
financial stability and operates within legal and dev e
a t in g t h
sustainability of the frameworks, complying with facilit skills
on o f n e w
acquisiti mong
organization. regulations and ethical le d g e a
and know
es.
standards. employe
 Importance of Management

Ethical Leadership

Global Competitiveness
Management sets the tone
for ethical behavior within strategies contribute to the
the organization, promoting organization's competitiveness
integrity and responsible in the global market by adapting
business practices. to international trends and
maintaining a strong market
position.
SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT
production management
Marketing management
financial management
personal management
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
means creation of utilities by converting raw
material into final product by various scientific
methods and regulations.
Its primary goal is to ensure the efficient and
effective conversion of raw materials, labor, and
other inputs into finished products or services.
is a key component of overall business
management and is often integral to
manufacturing, but it can also apply to service-
oriented industries.
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Plant lay out and location: this area deals with designing of plant
layout, decide about the plant location for various products and
providing various plant utilities
Production planning: Managers have to plan about various production
policies and production methods.
Material management: this area deals with purchase, storage, issue
and control of the material required for pAroduction department.
Research and Development: this area deals with research and
developmental activities of manufacturing department. Refinement in
existing product line or develop a new product are the major activities.
Quality Control: quality control department works for production of
quality product by doing various tests which ensure the customer
satisfaction.
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Plant lay out and location: this area deals with designing of plant
layout, decide about the plant location for various products and
providing various plant utilities
Production planning: Managers have to plan about various production
policies and production methods.
Material management: this area deals with purchase, storage, issue
and control of the material required for pAroduction department.
Research and Development: this area deals with research and
developmental activities of manufacturing department. Refinement in
existing product line or develop a new product are the major activities.
Quality Control: quality control department works for production of
quality product by doing various tests which ensure the customer
satisfaction.
Functions associated with production
management
Production Planning: Resource Allocation:
Developing a detailed plan for Efficiently assigning and managing
the production process, including resources such as raw materials,
determining production goals, labor, machinery, and facilities to
schedules, and resource meet production goals.
requirements. Quality Control:
Forecasting: Implementing measures to ensure
Estimating future demand for the quality of the products or
products or services to guide services produced, including
production planning and inspection and testing processes.
inventory management.
Functions associated with production
management
Inventory Management: Scheduling:
Monitoring and controlling the Creating schedules for production
levels of raw materials, work-in- activities, including work shifts,
progress, and finished goods to machine operations, and order
optimize efficiency and minimize fulfillment.
costs. Maintenance and Repair:
Process Design and Improvement: Ensuring the proper maintenance
Designing and continuously and repair of machinery and
improving production processes equipment to minimize downtime
to enhance efficiency, reduce and maintain production
waste, and increase overall efficiency.
productivity.
Functions associated with production
management
Cost Control: Capacity Planning:
Managing and controlling Assessing and planning for the
production costs to ensure that capacity of production facilities to
production remains within meet current and future demand.
budgetary constraints. Communication and Coordination:
Risk Management: Facilitating effective
Identifying and mitigating risks communication and coordination
that could impact the production among various departments
process, such as supply chain involved in the production process,
disruptions or equipment failures. such as marketing, finance, and
logistics.
MARKETING MANAGEMENT
The primary goal is to meet the needs and
wants of customers while achieving the
company's objectives. Marketing management
encompasses various strategic and tactical
activities that contribute to the creation,
communication, delivery, and exchange of value
with customers.
involves distribution of the product to the
buyers.
Components and functions associated
with marketing management
Advertising: Market research:
this area deals with advertising of It involves in collection of data
product, introducing new product in related to product demand and
market by various means and performance by research and
encourage the customer to buy analysis of market.
these products. Strategic Planning:
Sales management: Developing marketing strategies
deals with fixation of prices, actual aligned with overall business goals.
transfer of products to the This includes setting marketing
customer after fulfilling certain objectives, selecting target
formalities and after sales markets, and formulating plans to
services. achieve a competitive advantage.
Components and functions associated
with marketing management
Product Development: Promotion and Advertising:
Managing the process of creating, Creating and implementing promotional
modifying, and enhancing products campaigns, advertising strategies, and
or services to meet customer communication plans to raise
awareness, generate interest, and
needs and preferences.
persuade customers to purchase.
Pricing Strategies:
Distribution and Channel Management:
Determining the optimal pricing for Establishing and managing distribution
products or services based on channels to ensure products or
factors such as production costs, services reach customers efficiently.
competitive pricing, and perceived This involves decisions related to
customer value. retail, e-commerce, wholesalers, and
other distribution methods.
Components and functions associated
with marketing management
Brand Management: Customer Relationship Management
Building, maintaining, and protecting (CRM):
the brand image of the company and Managing and maintaining positive
its products. This includes brand relationships with customers. This
positioning, brand identity, and brand involves understanding customer
communication. needs, addressing concerns, and
Market Segmentation: fostering loyalty.
Dividing the market into distinct Market Research:
groups based on characteristics such Gathering and analyzing data about
as demographics, psychographics, and customers, competitors, and the
behavior to tailor marketing overall market to make informed
strategies to specific customer marketing decisions.
segments.
Components and functions associated
with marketing management
Brand Management: Customer Relationship Management
Building, maintaining, and protecting (CRM):
the brand image of the company and Managing and maintaining positive
its products. This includes brand relationships with customers. This
positioning, brand identity, and brand involves understanding customer
communication. needs, addressing concerns, and
Market Segmentation: fostering loyalty.
Dividing the market into distinct Market Research:
groups based on characteristics such Gathering and analyzing data about
as demographics, psychographics, and customers, competitors, and the
behavior to tailor marketing overall market to make informed
strategies to specific customer marketing decisions.
segments.
FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING
MANAGEMENT
deals with managerial activities related to
procurement and utilization of fund for business
purpose.
It includes various functions related to
acquiring, managing, and utilizing financial
resources efficiently to support the
organization's goals and objectives.
Components and functions associated with
finance and accounting management
Financial Planning: Capital Budgeting:
Developing financial plans that outline Evaluating and making decisions
the organization's short-term and regarding long-term investments,
long-term financial goals. This involves including the acquisition of new assets,
budgeting, forecasting, and expansion projects, and capital
determining the financial requirements expenditures.
for projects and initiatives. Financial Reporting:
Budgeting: Preparing and presenting fiancial
Creating and managing budgets to statements and reports to
allocate financial resources across communicate the organization's
different departments or projects. financial performance to internal and
Budgets serve as a roadmap for external stakeholders. This includes
financial decision-making and income statements, balance sheets,
performance evaluation. and cash flow statements.
Components and functions associated with
finance and accounting management
Risk Management: Cost Accounting:
Identifying and managing financial Analyzing and tracking the costs
risks, including market risk, credit risk, associated with producing goods or
and operational risk. Implementing services. Cost accounting helps in
strategies to mitigate potential making informed decisions about
negative impacts on the organization's pricing, production, and resource
financial health. allocation.
Cash Management: Financial Analysis:
Monitoring and managing the Conducting financial analysis to assess
organization's cash flows to ensure the organization's performance,
that there is enough liquidity to meet profitability, and financial health. This
short-term obligations while includes ratio analysis, trend analysis,
optimizing the use of excess cash. and benchmarking against industry
standards.
Components and functions associated with
finance and accounting management
Tax Management: Financial Forecasting:
Ensuring compliance with tax Predicting future financial trends and
regulations and optimizing the outcomes based on historical data,
organization's tax position. This market analysis, and other relevant
involves strategic tax planning, filing factors. This assists in making
accurate tax returns, and managing proactive financial decisions.
relationships with tax authorities. Corporate Finance:
Audit Coordination: Making decisions related to capital
Coordinating and facilitating external structure, dividend policies, and
and internal audits to ensure the financing options to maximize
accuracy and reliability of financial shareholder value.
information and compliance with
accounting standards and regulations.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
is the phase of management which deals with effective use and control of
manpower. Following are the sub areas of personnel management
Personnel planning: this deals with preparation inventory of available
manpower and actual requirement of workers in organization.
Recruitment and selection: this deals with hiring and employing human being
for various positions as required. ;
Training and development: training and development deals with process of
making the employees more efficient and effective by arranging training
programmes. It helps in making team of competent employees which work
for growth of an organization.
wage administration: It deals in Job evaluation, merit rating of Jobs and
making wage and incentive policy for employees. •
ndustrial relation: It deals with maintenance of overall employee relation,
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